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PURPOSE Modifications in ocular blood flow may play a significant role in glaucoma development. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is based on the detection and analysis of the reflection behaviour of motion in a static environment and therefore is able to quantify the retinal flow density. We used this new technology to examine the density of the active flow vasculature in the macular area in glaucoma patients compared to healthy patients. METHODS Thirty patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (mean age: 72.6 ± 7.1 years) and 21 healthy patients (mean age: 70.3 ± 8.6 years) were recruited. Patients received perimetry and OCT measurements of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) and macular retinal thickness and OCT-A of the macular area in the superficial and deep retinal (DR) plexus. Flow density of the OCT-A scan was calculated by binarisation and quantification of the pixel density. RESULTS Macular flow density was globally and nasally reduced in glaucoma patients in the superficial (globally: p = 0.0203; nasally: p = 0.0003) and DR plexus (globally: p = 0.0113, nasally: p

Purpose To compare standard-of-care grid laser photocoagulation versus intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) versus a combination of both in the treatment of chronic (>3 months) macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. Methods Prospective, randomized, multicentre clinical trial. Thirty patients with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) between 20/320 and 20/40 were randomized 1:1:1 to receive grid laser or three monthly injections of 0.5 mg IVR or both followed by 3 months of observation. Results Mean change from baseline BCVA at month 6 was +2 letters [laser; 0.04 logMAR, 95% confidence interval (−0.17; 0.25)], +17 letters [IVR; 0.34 (0.19; 0.5)] and +6 letters [combination; 0.12 (0.01; 0.24)] (IVR versus laser p = 0.02 and IVR versus combination p = 0.02). At month 3, mean improvement in central retinal thickness (CRT) was 90.6 μm (laser) (−18.65; 199.8), 379.5 μm (IVR) (204.2; −554.8), and 248 μm (167.2; −328.8) (combination) (IVR versus laser p = 0.005, laser versus combination p = 0.02). During the observation period, CRT improved in laser [37.6 μm (−66.82; 142.0)], but deteriorated in IVR [−142.4 μm (−247.6; −37.16)] and combination [−171.7 μm (−250.4; −92.96)] (laser versus IVR p = 0.01, laser versus combination p = 0.002) indicating recurrent oedema. Less laser retreatments (at 8 weeks) were required in combination group (2/10) than grid group (7/10). Conclusion Six-month results suggest that ranibizumab may be superior to grid laser in improving visual acuity. Grid combined with IVR neither enhanced functional and morphological improvement of IVR nor did it prevent or prolong recurrence of oedema. In IVR groups, CRT increased slowly after stopping injections, whereas improvement in visual acuity was sustained, indicating that morphological changes occur prior to functional impairment.