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Abstract: The study examined the relationships among seed size, plant distribution and abundance in a dry tropical forest of northern India. Results indicated that small-seeded species, which were generally wind-dispersed, were more widely distributed, at this local scale, compared to large-seeded species. However, the proportional abundance and basal cover of seed size categories indicated that the structure of the dry forest was largely determined by the medium- to large-seeded species. There was a considerable amount of redundancy within each seed size group, which added to the species diversity. Variability in seed size and the variable degree of shade-tolerance permit the species to occupy the full range of the gradient of light environments of the forest floor. This study revealed that in little to moderately disturbed locations seedlings of large-seeded species increased in abundance, whereas in extremely perturbed locations seedlings of species with medium-sized to small seeds were more abundant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]