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Introduction. Primary hyperparathyroidism is diagnosed earlier and more frequently with the introduction of routine serum calcium measurements. In literature, it is shown that mortality and morbidity decrease after parathyroidectomy. In our study, we aimed to determine the effect of parathyroidectomy on oxidative stress. Materials and Methods. The results of 41 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism between March 2018 and end of December 2018 were evaluated prospectively. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), 8-hydroxy- 2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), parathyroid hormone, calcium and albumin were measured before and after parathyroidectomy. Results. The mean age of the patients in the study was 45 ± 13.1 years (age range: 18-76 years). The female/ male ratio was 32/9. Postoperative values of 8OHdG, MDA and SOD 1 were significantly lower than preoperative values (p <0.05). There was no significant difference between preoperative and postoperative TAC and TBARS values. Conclusion. Oxidative stress decreased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism after parathyroidectomy. Randomized prospective studies are needed to show the relationship between biochemical and clinical parameters in order to see the clinical reflection of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]