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Aims: This study aimed to explore the level of and changes in the 1,5-anhydroglucitol × glycated hemoglobin A1c/100 (AH index, AHI) associated with different glucose metabolism statuses and to evaluate the islet function and insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with different AHI levels. Methods: Of the 3562 subjects enrolled in this study, 1697 had T2DM. The disposition index (DI) was the product of islet secretion function and insulin sensitivity-related indexes. Results: The mean AHI level was 1.0 (0.7–1.3) in the general population, while the mean AHI level in the T2DM group was 0.8 (0.5–1.2), which was significantly lower than that in the impaired glucose regulation and normal glucose tolerance group (both 1.2 (0.9–1.5), both P < 0.01). We further divided patients with T2DM into four subgroups according to the quartile of AHI. The results showed that with the increase in AHI level, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased, while HOMA-β, insulin generation index, insulin sensitivity index, and DI increased (all Pfor trend < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression showed that the odds ratios for a low DI for increasing levels of AHI were 1.00, 0.22 (0.16–0.29), 0.16 (0.11–0.22), and 0.09 (0.06–0.13), showing a decreasing trend (Pfor trend < 0.05). Conclusion: The AHI could reflect the variation in glycemic disorder and the function of islet β cells. The lower the AHI, the worse the glycemic disorder, as well as the islet β-cell function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Previous studies showed that serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are significantly reduced in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, it remains unclear how 1,5-AG levels acutely change in response to a glucose load. This study explored acute changes in 1,5-AG levels after a glucose load and the related influencing factors in individuals with differing degrees of glucose tolerance. Methods: A total of 681 participants (353 without DM and 328 with DM) without a prior history of DM were enrolled. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and postload (30, 60, 120, and 180 min) levels of plasma glucose, serum 1,5-AG, and insulin were measured. Results: In all participant groups, serum 1,5-AG levels were slightly elevated after a glucose load and reached peak values at 120 min after loading (all P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that body weight was negatively associated with the difference between peak and baseline 1,5-AG levels (Δ1,5-AG, standardized β = −0.119, P < 0.01). A strong and positive association between 1,5-AG and Δ1,5-AG was also found independent of other confounding factors (standardized β = 0.376, P < 0.01). The ratio of the Δ1,5-AG to the 1,5-AG was higher in DM patients (7.3% [3.4-11.5%]) than in those without DM (6.2% [3.6-9.2%]). Conclusions: In contrast to the established decline in 1,5-AG levels with long-term hyperglycemia, the present study showed that serum 1,5-AG levels slightly increased by 6-7% after a glucose load. Further studies in different 1,5-AG transport models are needed to investigate the relevant metabolic pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]