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Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a subtype of chronic prurigo presenting single to multiple symmetrically distributed, hyperkeratotic and intensively itching papules and nodules. PN evolves along with chronic pruritus in the context of diverse dermatological, systemic, neurological or psychiatric conditions. Permanent scratching is possibly a major trigger of PN, although its exact pathophysiology remains unclear. Current state-of-the-art therapy for PN consists of topical steroids, capsaicin, calcineurin inhibitors, ultraviolet (UV) therapy, systemic administration of gabapentinoids, µ-opioid receptor antagonists, antidepressants or immunosuppressants. Novel treatment concepts, such as inhibitors of neurokinin-1, opioid and interleukin-31 receptors, have been developed and are currently being clinically tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brachioradial pruritus (BRP) and notalgia paraesthetica (NP) represent 2 of the most common neuropathic itch syndromes. A total of 58 consecutive patients presenting at the Center for Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital Münster, were analysed with regard to clinical presentation, anatomical and morphological pathologies, impairment in quality of life, and response to treatment with topical capsaicin. Patients with BRP reported stinging and burning more often than those with NP. In the BRP group structural magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities more frequently correlated with localization of the symptoms compared with in patients with NP. In addition, intraepidermal nerve fibre density was decreased in lesional skin in patients with BRP, but not in those with NP, confirming the neuropathic origin in BRP. Topical capsaicin resulted in a significantly higher alleviation of itch and pain intensity and improvement in quality of life in patients with BRP compared with those with NP, which may reflect clinical and aetiological differences between the conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In brachioradial pruritus and notalgia paraesthetica, the 8% capsaicin patch is a novel and effective, but cost-intense, therapy. Routine data for 44 patients were collected 6 months retrospectively and prospectively to first patch application. The cost to health insurance and the patient, and patient-reported outcomes were analysed (visual analogue scale, numerical rating scale, verbal rating scale for pruritus symptoms, Dermatological Life Quality Index, and Patient Benefit Index). Mean inpatient treatment costs were reduced by €212.31, and mean outpatient treatment and medication costs by €100.74 per patient (p.p.). However, these reductions did not offset the high cost of the patch itself (€767.02 p.p.); thus the total cost to health insurance increased by €453.97 p.p. (p ≤ 0.01). The additional costs of therapy to the patient decreased by €441.06, thus the overall cost p.p. remained approximately the same (€3,306.03 vs. €3,318.94). Capsaicin patch therapy resulted in reduced pruritus, improved quality of life and greater patient benefit, thus long-term cost-efficiency analyses are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]