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In the title compound, [Cd(C7H5O3)2(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, the CdII ion is located on a twofold axis and assumes a distorted octahedral CdN4O2 coordination geometry, formed by two phenanthroline (phen) ligands and two 4-hydroxybenzoate (HBA) anions. π–π stacking is observed between the parallel phen ligands of adjacent CdII complexes. One water O atom is located on a twofold axis. The other water molecule is disordered over two sites.

The title compound, [Co(C7H5O3)2(C7H5N3O2)2(H2O)2]·2C7H5N3O2·2H2O, is composed of neutral CoII-containing complexes, accompanied by uncoordinated nitro­benzimidazole (Nbzim) mol­ecules and water mol­ecules. The CoII atom is located on a twofold axis and coordinated by two Nbzim mol­ecules, two 3-hydroxy­benzoate anions and two water mol­ecules in a slightly distorted octa­hedral geometry. The crystal packing is stabilized by extensive hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking between coordinated and uncoordinated Nbzim mol­ecules.

The crystal structure of the title compound, C7H7N2 +·C7H5O4 −·C7H6N2, consists of discrete cations, anions and neutral molecules, with two of each species in the asymmetric unit. Through hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking the chemical components link to each other to form a sandwich-like supramolecular crystal structure.

In the title complex, [Co(C4H4O4S)(C7H6N2)3]·2H2O, the CoII ion is coordinated by one thio­diacetate dianion and three benzimidazole mol­ecules, with a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The tridentate thio­diacetate chelates to the Co atom in a facial configuration, with a Co—S bond distance of 2.5597 (8) A. Inter­molecular hydrogen bonding prevents the face-to-face stacking of neighboring benzimdazole ligands.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C7H7N2+·C7H5O4−, the partially overlapped arrangement and the face-to-face separation of 3.557 (7) A suggest π–π stacking between parallel benzimidazolium cations, and the C—H⋯Cg angle of 173° and H⋯Cg separation of 2.64 A (where Cg is the centroid of the benzene ring) suggest C—H⋯π stacking between the benzimidazolium cation and dihydroxy­benzoate anion. Classical N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds consolidate the crystal structure.

In the title polymeric complex, [HgI2(C7H6N2)]n, the HgII atom is coordinated by one benzimidazole (bzim) and three I− anions with a distorted tetra­hedral geometry; one I− anion is in a monodentate coordination mode and the other two are bridging. The two bridging Hg—I bond distances differ significantly [2.7420 (7) and 3.0543 (7) A]. The face-to-face separation of 3.31 (3) A between the mean planes of parallel bzim ligands and the partially overlapped arrangement indicate the existence of π–π stacking.

In the title compound, [Co(C4H4O5)(C7H5N3O2)(H2O)2]·H2O, the CoII atom is coordinated by one tridentate oxydiacetate dianion, one monodentate nitro­benzimidazole mol­ecule and two water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The face-to-face distance of 3.345 (14) A between parallel nitro­benzimidazole ligands of neighboring complexes indicates the existence of π–π stacking.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [CuCl(C12H8N2)2]NO3·C7H5NO4.H2O, the CuII ion assumes a trigonal–bipyramidal CuN4Cl coordination geometry arising from two bidentate 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) ligands and one chloride ion, with the chloride ion in an equatorial position. A partially overlapped arrangement between parallel phen rings of neighboring complexes, with face-to-face distances of 3.529 (9) and 3.452 (8) A, suggests the existence of π–π stacking.

In the title polymeric compound, [Mn(C4H4O4)(C7H6N2)2(H2O)]n, the MnII atom is located on an inversion center and is coordinated by succinate dianions and benz­imidazole and water mol­ecules with an elongated octahedral coordination geometry. The long Mn—O(water) bond distance of 2.4982 (3) A shows the rather weak nature of this bond. The succinate dianion and water mol­ecule are located on an inversion center and a twofold axis, respectively; they bridge the MnII atoms to form a polymeric structure.

In the title complex, [Cu(C8H7O2)2(C3H4N2)2], the CuII atom, located on an inversion center, has a square-planar coordin­ation geometry formed by imidazole mol­ecules and 3-methyl­benzoate anions. Hydro­gen-bonding and C—H⋯π interactions occur between imidazole and methyl­benzoate ligands of neighboring complex mol­ecules.

The title complex, [Ni(C6H6N4S2)(C3H2O4)(H2O)2], has a distorted octahedral coordination geometry with the malonate dianion and di­amino­bi­thia­zole chelating to the NiII atom in the equatorial plane, and two water mol­ecules in the axial positions. Both the malonate and di­amino­bi­thia­zole are planar, and are tilted out of the equatorial plane, with dihedral angles of 9.87 (5) and 11.65 (5)°, respectively.

The NiII atom in the crystal structure of the title compound, [NiCl2(C6H6N4S2)2]·2H2O, has a distorted cis-octahedral coordination, formed by two Cl atoms [Ni—Cl 2.4767 (17) and 2.4922 (17) A] and four N atoms of two chelate bi­thia­zole ligands [Ni—N 2.069 (5)–2.138 (5) A]. The overlapped arrangement and short separation between parallel thia­zole rings belonging to neighbouring complexes [3.47 (3) A] suggest the existence of π–π stacking interactions. Short intermolecular S⋯S contacts [3.183 (3) A] are also observed. The water mol­ecules are involved in hydrogen bonds with the Cl ligands.

The title compound, C3H5N2+·C7H5O4−, consists of imidazolium cations and 2,4-dihydroxy­benzoate anions that link to each other via hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, π–π stacking is observed between parallel benzene rings and between benzene and imidazole rings.

In the title compound, C7H7N2+·C8H4NO6−, the partially overlapped arrangement and the shorter face-to-face distance of 3.457 (4) A indicate π–π stacking between parallel benzimidazolium cations, whereas the longer face-to-face distance of 3.649 (6) A suggests normal van der Waals contacts between parallel benzene rings of neighbouring nitro­terephthalate anions.

The title compound, C6H8N4S22+·C4H2O42−, consists of a di­amino­bi­thia­zole (DABT) cation and a fumarate anion. The cation and anion are both located on inversion centers. Both ions display a planar configuration and link to each other through hydrogen bonding between carboxyl and amino groups, as well as through weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonding between thia­zole and carboxyl groups. The C—N(amino) bond distance of 1.323 (4) A suggests the existence of electron delocalization between the thia­zole ring and the amino group.

The centrosymmetric mol­ecule of the title compound, C6H6N4S2 (DABT), displays a trans planar configuration, except that the amino groups are inclined slightly to the bi­thia­zole plane. The N—C bond distance of 1.309 (2) A within the thiazole ring is shorter than in DABT chloride [1.335 (6) A] and in a DABT–metal complex [1.322 (3) A]. The separation of 3.717 (3) A between parallel bi­thia­zole rings of neighboring mol­ecules indicates a normal van der Waals contact.

The title compound, C6H8N4S22+·2Cl−, includes a trans, planar bi­thia­zole moiety occupying a special position on a crystallographic inversion centre. Both symmetry-independent N atoms participate in hydrogen-bonded links with the chloride anion [N⋯Cl 3.094 (5), 3.222 (5) and 3.362 (5) A]. A short contact of 3.3201 (18) A is also observed between the S atom of the thia­zolium cation and the chloride anion.