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The title compound, C5H6ClN3O, is essentially planar with a maximum deviation of 0.0256 (11) Å for all non-H atoms. In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by a pair of N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming an inversion dimer with an R22(8) ring motif. The dimers are further linked via N—H...O hydrogen bonds into an undulating sheet structure parallel to the bc plane.

The bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)methane molecule of the title compound, C15H12N4·2H2O, displays a trans conformation with a twofold axis running through the methylene C atom. Two adjacent water molecules are bonded to this molecule through O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a trimer. Adjacent trimers are connected together via C—H...O interactions, forming a chain running along the b-axis direction. Two such chains are joined together via π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.556 (2) Å], forming double chains, which are connected via the water molecules through C—H...O associations, forming a sheet structure. The sheets are stacked on top of each other along the a-axis direction and connected through O—H...O and C—H...O interactions, forming a three-dimensional ABAB layer network structure.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H13N2O+·C7H4NO5−, the isonipecotamide cations and the 5-nitrosalicylate anions form hydrogen-bonded chain substructures through head-to-tail piperidinium–carboxylate N—H...O hydrogen bonds and through centrosymmetric cyclic head-to-head amide–amide hydrogen-bonding associations [graph set R22(8)]. These chains are cross-linked by amide–carboxylate N—H...O and piperidinium–nitro N—H...O associations, giving a sheet structure.

There are two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H15NO4, which are linked into chains via intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O interactions; the chains are linked via weak C—H...O interactions, forming a parallel sheet structure. The molecule is approximately planar, with dihedral angles of 19.91 (4) and 11.06 (4)° between the naphthyl ring and the aminomethylene group, and between the aminomethylene unit and the planar part of the dioxane ring, respectively. The dioxane ring adopts a half-boat conformation, with the C atom between the dioxane O atoms 0.595 (8) Å out of the plane through the remaining atoms. The molecule has an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond which stabilizes the planar conformation.

In the title compound, C14H17N2O4P·CH3OH, the planes of the pyridinium-2-ylamino and 2-hydroxyphenyl groups form a dihedral angle of 75.6 (1)°, with the pyridinium NH group and the 2-hydroxyphenyl OH group pointing in opposite directions. Three intramolecular hydrogen bonds are observed. Two phosphonate and two methanol molecules are connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds as a centrosymmetric dimeric cluster, and interact further with other dimeric clusters via N—H...O, O—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds and C—H...π interactions, resulting in a sheet structure.

The molecule of the title compound, C18H18O2, a symmetrically phenol-substituted divinyl analog, exhibits crystallographically imposed C2 symmetry. The phenolic and divinyl planar groups intersect each other orthogonally, with a dihedral angle of 82.7 (1)°. The structure is stabilized by a short intramolecular C—H...O contact. The molecules are held together by C—H...π interactions, forming a sheet structure parallel to the (201) plane.

In the crystal structure of the non-solvate form of the title compound, [Au(2)Cl(2)(C(30)H(24)P(2))], two almost linear P-Au(I)-Cl units [175.87 (3) and 171.48 (3)°] are in a skewed arrangement with a Cl-Au⋯Au-Cl torsion angle of -65.29 (3)° so as to form an intra-molecular Au⋯Au inter-action [3.0563 (2) Å]. The complex mol-ecules are connected each other through inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-actions, giving a sheet structure parallel to the bc plane.