1. Nanoflow electrospinning serial femtosecond crystallography
- Author
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Despina Milathianaki, Nathaniel Echols, Michael J. Bogan, Johan Hattne, Julia Hellmich, Athina Zouni, Petrus H. Zwart, Paul D. Adams, Roberto Alonso-Mori, Rosalie Tran, Garth J. Williams, Nicholas K. Sauter, M. Marvin Seibert, William E. White, Tsu-Chien Weng, Ralf W. Grosse-Kunstleve, Benedikt Lassalle-Kaiser, Vittal K. Yachandra, Junko Yano, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Sébastien Boutet, Richard J. Gildea, A. Miahnahri, Marc Messerschmidt, Donald W. Schafer, D. Starodub, Pieter Glatzel, Trevor A. McQueen, Hartawan Laksmono, Christina Y. Hampton, Jan Kern, Carina Glöckner, Uwe Bergmann, Alan Fry, Jonas A. Sellberg, N. Duane Loh, Johannes Messinger, and Raymond G. Sierra
- Subjects
Thermolysin ,Short Communications ,Analytical chemistry ,02 engineering and technology ,Crystallography, X-Ray ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electromagnetic Fields ,Structural Biology ,law ,Biological sciences ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Particle properties ,Chemistry ,Lasers ,Resolution (electron density) ,Equipment Design ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Electrospinning ,Kinetics ,Crystallography ,Sample Size ,Femtosecond ,Crystallization ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
An electrospun liquid microjet has been developed that delivers protein microcrystal suspensions at flow rates of 0.14–3.1 µl min−1to perform serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) studies with X-ray lasers. Thermolysin microcrystals flowed at 0.17 µl min−1and diffracted to beyond 4 Å resolution, producing 14 000 indexable diffraction patterns, or four per second, from 140 µg of protein. Nanoflow electrospinning extends SFX to biological samples that necessitate minimal sample consumption.
- Published
- 2012