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Light-absorbing hydrogels provide a means for rapidly evaporating water by using solar energy. However, to achieve light-absorbing hydrogels with both durable mechanical properties and efficient energy utilization remains challenging due to the weak interface interactions between solar absorbers and a hydrogel matrix and difficultly controlled surface topography of swollen hydrogel-based evaporators. Herein, we demonstrate an effective nanoconfinement strategy to assemble a spongy poly(vinyl alcohol)/Janus-like graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel (SPJH)

The effect of water-soluble fullerene C(70)(C(COOH)(2))(4-8) on plant growth was investigated, using the transgenic seedling lines expressing fluorescent makers. The retarded roots with shortened length and loss of root gravitropism were observed for seedlings grown in the fullerene-containing medium. Fluorescence imaging revealed the abnormalities of root tips in hormone distribution, cell division, microtubule organization, and mitochondrial activity. The study of the inhibitory effects at the cellular level provides new information on the phytotoxicity mechanism of fullerene.