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Five-coordinated Als (Al(V)) on the surface of aluminas play important roles when they are used as catalysts or catalyst supports. However, the comprehensive characterization and understanding of the intrinsic structural properties of the Al(V) remain a challenge, due to the very small amount in commonly used aluminas. Herein, the surface structures of γ-Al 2 O 3 and Al(V)-rich Al 2 O 3 nanosheets (Al 2 O 3 -NS) have been investigated and compared in detail by multinuclear high-field solid-state NMR. Thanks to the high resolution and sensitivity of ultra-high-field (up to 35.2 T) NMR, the arrangements of surface Als were clearly demonstrated, which are substantially different from the bulk phase in γ-Al 2 O 3 due to the structure reconstruction. It reveals for the first time that most of the commonly observed Al(V)s tend to exist as aggregated states on the surface of γ-Al 2 O 3 , like those in amorphous Al 2 O 3 -NS liable to structure reconstruction. Our new insights into surface Al(V) species may help in understanding the structure-function relationship of alumina., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)