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Multiprocessors are defined as a subclass of MIMD (Multiple Instruction Stream, Multiple Data Stream) multiple-computer systems in which the processors have common access to primary memory and the input/output channels and there is a single operating system controlling the entire complex. It is possible to characterize the hardware organization by the nature of the system utilized to interconnect the primary functional units-processors, memory, and input/output channels. The three basic interconnection systems discussed are: 1) time-shared buses; 2) crossbar switch matrix; and 3) multibus, multiport memories. Three organizations for multiprocessor operating systems are also discussed: 1) master-slave; 2) separate executive for each processor; and 3) symmetric treatment of all processors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]