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This section presents several management consulting conference paper abstracts. The abstracts include "Education and Experience as Antecedents of the Performance of Management Consultants," that analyzes human capital in terms of education and experience; "Being Human: The Real Challenge for the 21st Century," about relationships within business; and "Designing and Processing a Socio-Economic Management Control," which discusses social performance of management control.

The article presents abstracts of conference papers related to technology and innovation management. "Deploying Intellectual Capital for Architectural Innovative Capabilities," by Mohan Subramaniam; "Exploring Industry Implications of Organizational Learning," by David R. King; "The Fragility of Knowledge Sharing: A Behavioral Approach," by Georg Von Krogh; "When Do Acquisitions Facilitate Technological Exploration and Exploitation?," by Paul Almeida.

This section presents organization and management theory conference paper abstracts. "Factors That Impact Sales Person's Performance in Virtual Environments" aims to understand the effects of sales persons' location on their sales quota achievement. "Can Progress Be Resistant to Bad Institutions? The Case of ICT" shows that cross-country differences in the use of information and communication technologies are to a considerable extent due to differences in the investment climate. "Chance, Choice, & Inevitability in Strategy," discusses strategic choice.

This article presents several abstracts of studies about organization development and change. In the paper titled "Towards a Holistic Theoretical Framework for the Unfolding of Planned Change," develops a framework for the unfolding of planned change efforts using as empirical field of investigation longitudinal case studies from Greek public organizations that currently are undergoing radical change. "A Construct Validation of a New Job Insecurity Measure (JIM): The Emerging Role of Management" explores the dimensionality of job insecurity. "Responding to a Changing Environment: Adapting Human and Social Capital to Impact Performance," that investigates how a firm responds to a changing environment using a resource-based perspective.

This section presents several abstracts of research about organizational communication. The progress of the past seven years of field study research on work group effectiveness was examined in the paper titled "Work Team Effectiveness Field Research: Progress and Prospects." An analysis of thirty-six empirical studies reveals that work team field research is proceeding primarily along dimensions of interdependence, autonomy, diversity and conflict. In the paper "Temporal Effects of Relational Stocks on Technology-Enabled Group Performance," the authors extend existing group development models by employing a complementary stock perspective. Results suggest more complex implications of utilizing technology than previously observed delays in relational development that accompanies technology use.

This section presents several management education and development conference paper abstracts. They include, "The Effect of Instructional Delivery Method on Student Achievement," regarding the educational value of undergraduate human resource management classes, "A Personal and Experimental Reflection on Teaching and Learning wtih the Consultant Learning Method," about an analysis of undergraduate and graduate management courses, and "What it Means to Supervise: A Phenomenographic Study of Doctorial Student Supervision," discussing what doctoral supervisors look for in their management students.

The article presents a section of abstracts on conference papers in Health Care Management. They include "Understanding Mental Health Treatment in Primary Care with Patient-Physician Interaction Data," examining the mental health treatment process; "Vertical Integration Between Community Hospitals and Nursing Facilities," about resource dependancy theory; and "Downstream Integration and Competitive Strategies in the US Pharmaceutical Industry," regarding vertical integration.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on entrepreneurship. The first paper proposes a multi-dimension, multi-contingent fit perspective for examining different practices adapted by entrepreneurial firms in acquiring human resources. Another paper elaborates theoretical foundations for opportunity-based entrepreneurial discovery research and presents an empirical study providing evidence for examining the validity of an opportunity-based research approach. One more paper explores innovation as a corporate entrepreneurial outcome in recently established small firms.

The article presents several conference paper abstracts on public and nonprofit organization management. "Community Foundation, Organizational Strategy, and Public Policy," about the strategic plan of California community foundations. "The Influence of Top Executive Functional Experience on Nonprofit Organization Financial Performance," discusses the relationship between a chief executive officer and the organization. "Innovation and Organizational Performance: A Critical Review of the Evidence and a Research Agenda," focuses on how innovation helps performance in public agencies.

This section presents conference paper abstracts related to operations management. "A Critical Review of Six Sigma in Organizational Operations," contends that the Six Sigma approach to business improvement has emerged in both the practitioner and academic literature as having a significant role in this area. "Project Success as a Topic in Project Management Literature," highlights the characteristics of thirty articles on project success published between 1986 and 2004. "The Effect of Manufacturing Proactivity on Environmental Proactivity: An Exploratory Analysis," discusses the effect of manufacturing proactivity.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers about managerial and organizational decision making. Some of the abstracts include "Emotional Intelligence and Communication Perceptions During Conflict and Decision Making," focusing on how business intelligence helps organizational effectiveness, "Knowledge Sharing and Team Effectiveness in Challenging Organizational Environments," about how management teams benefit from external knowledge, and "A Small World After All? Network Perceptions Versus Reality," that discusses how social networks can affect an organization.

This section presents abstracts of several papers on conflict management. Some of the papers include "Knowing Your Place: Self-Perceptions of Status in Social Groups," which focuses on the impact of social categorization and disagreement on individuals' affective and cognitive reactions in decision-making settings; "The Impact of Social Similarity on Affective and Cognitive Reactions to Opinion Conflict," about how workers interact and resolve conflicts in businesses; and "Are Prime Movers More Powerful? Evidence from Experiments on Competitive Choice and Interaction," which examines the effect of outside options on trust and trustworthiness.

This section presents abstracts of conference papers related to business policy and strategy. These include "Competitive Advantage in Transition Economies: Exploring Organizational Capacity for Change," discussing competitive advantage in developed countries, "A Changing of the Guard: Executive and Director Turnover Following Corporate Earnings Restatements," on corporate earnings restatements, and "Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Alliance Formation: A Multidimensional Perspective."

This section presents abstracts of papers related to business policy and strategy, including "Competition, Learning, or Legitimacy: Understanding the Adoption of Websites by Consumer Magazines," about corporate earnings restatements; "A Road to Directorship: How Corporate Executives Secure Positions on Other Firm's Boards," about the role of outside directors; and "A Selection that Cannot Stand the Test: Succession Context and New CEO Dismissal," about executive succession.

This article presents a collection of journal supplied abstracts for manuscripts regarding business policy and strategy. Abstracts in the article include "Strategic Flexibility: Its Antecedents and Performance Effects," by Niels van der Weerdt, ErnstVerwaal, and Henk W. Volberda, "The Role of Knowledge Integration and Protection on Alliance Structures," by Hyung-Deo Shin, and Hun Lee, "Determinants of Technology Premiums in Acquisitions of Entrepreneurial Firms," by Timothy B. Folta and Bart Sharp.

This section focuses on several studies presented at a conference on international management. The article, "The Impact of Trade Liberalization Policies on National Patters of Corruption and Software Piracy," focuses on the impact of trade liberalization policies on national patterns of corruption and software piracy. "Repetition of Foreign Market Entry Forms: Managerial and Organizational Drivers," studies the repetition of forms of entry in a foreign market by taking into account not only organizational factors but also the managerial risk determinants of such repetitions. "Foreign Expansion Under Uncertainty: A Strategic Real Options Perspective," investigates the expansion of 30 of the largest global manufacturing companies in 6 industries in China over the last 20 years.

This section presents abstracts of several studies on organizational behavior. "Darwinism, Behavioral Genetics, And Organizational Behavior: A Review and Agenda for Future Research," which reviews the evolutionary proecsses and behavioral genetics for organizational behavior. "A Meta-Analysis of Stress and Performance at Work: Moderating Effects of Gender, Age, and Tenure," studies the relationship between stresses and work performance. "The Role of Leader Behaviors and Leader-Member Exchange in Customer Service," discusses the evaluation of leader-member exchange in salons in Taiwan.

This article presents abstracts of research on gender and diversity in organizations. One entitled "Gender Inequalities in Earnings Among Israeli Lawyers: Does Discrimination Still Exist?," examines the income gap between male and female Israeli lawyers. The analysis employs an exhaustive set of measures that includes human, social and psychological capital as well as occupational segmentation. The study, "Universal Diverse Orientation (UDO) in the United Kingdom and the United States: A Comparative Analysis," examines the role of gender and race on diversity attitudes in Great Britain and the U.S.

The article presents abstracts on public and nonprofit management which include a process model of public sector innovation, organizations' use of value-related information in job advertisements, and the study of venture philanthropy in a nonprofit and philanthropic context.

The article presents abstracts on organizational communication and information systems which include the application of experience in a new product development team, the use of a commons perspective to examine the dynamic interplay between private-public interests around large-scale information technology systems, and virtual, written-based knowledge sharing.

The article presents abstracts on management education and development topics which include students' reactions to Facebook "friend" requests from professors and parents, content analysis of strategic management textbooks, and teaching strategic management via a graphic novel approach.

This section presents abstracts of several studies on human resources (HR). "Family Ties and International Mobility," investigates relationships between family ties and willingness to accept an international assignment amongst a sample of dual-earner respondents. Another study, "The Impact of HR Involvement and Commitment HR Systems on HR Effectiveness and Firm Performance," examines the impact of HR involvement on HR effectiveness and firm performance using a sample of 249 listed companies on the Korea Stock Exchange. "Examining the Impact of Human Resources Management on Organizational Performance," develops a valid and reliable model to measure the direct effects of domains of human resource management practices on three measures of organizational performance.

The article presents abstracts on technology and innovation management topics which include the way modularity works in real world organizations, the effect of external learning on radical innovation in the high-technology industry, and the organizational antecedents and consequences of absorbing technological knowledge.

The article presents abstracts on organization and management theory topics which include differences between Convention Theory and New Organizational Institutionalism, the relationship between status and uncertainty, and the people variations in networks that can affect organizational performance.

The article presents abstracts on operations management topics which include differences in operations management research agendas of North America and Europe, structural ambidexterity in high technology organizations, and the effects of asset specificity and trust on inter-company knowledge sharing.

The article presents abstracts on organization development and change topics which include societal compassion response to natural disasters, transformational leaders' promotion of innovation in research and development teams during change, and the influence of organizational clarity and confidence on change readiness.

The article presents abstracts on managerial and organizational cognition topics which include the rationalization of ethical and unethical behaviors, leadership characteristics in firm survival, and individual and group creativity in service organizations.

The article presents abstracts on human resources topics which include training and competence development during organizational change, the relationship between discretion and turnover intentions, and the management of resources in the impression management process.

The article presents abstracts on business policy and strategy topics which include the complexities of top management team (TMT) composition, insights about dynamic capabilities observed from simulated evolving competition, and venture capital syndication in China.

The article presents abstracts of international management topics which include the role of personal values in job choice, international research and development networks in the consumer electronics industry, and immigrant entrepreneurs' bicultural identity integration and social capital creation.

The article presents abstracts on entrepreneurship topics which include the influence of tie-order on network emergence, a complexity science-based model for innovation and the formation of entrepreneurial enterprises, and fuzzy-set hierarchical classification of family businesses.

The article presents abstracts on organizational behavior topics which include the congruence effects of leaders' and followers' proactive personality on follower work outcomes, the stress-performance relationship within a combined stress-justice framework, and the influence of abusive supervision and organizational factors on organizational citizenship behaviors.

The article presents abstracts on topics about gender and diversity in organizations which include the role of gender self-categorization and emotion on prejudicial attitudes and experiences of aggressive behavior, the disconnect between diversity management policy and implementation, and attitudes towards women managers.

In this paper, I analyze the effect of M&A on technological performance as measured by patenting output and patents quality. I propose a model of the innovation process in which the process output depends on the resources available and on the incentives to employ them. I then discuss how M&A can provide new resources and modify the incentives. I identify the consequential effects on technological performance and test the predictions on sample of deals that took place in the U.S. "Medical devices and photographic equipment" sector between 1988 and 1996. Preliminary results indicate that M&A have a non-significant or positive effect on patenting output, but decrease patents importance, originality and generality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper clarifies how idiosyncratic resources can be the economic basis of sustained profitability and persistent heterogeneity under competitive conditions. We develop a model of industry dynamics which shows, that heterogeneous firms can co-exist in a competitive equilibrium, and establishes that the degree of heterogeneity is directly linked to the firms' growth calculus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With more companies operating globally and more and more employees at all levels working abroad, the study of the factors associated with expatriates' successful job performance is becoming increasingly important. However, the expatriate literature has often emphasized the importance of adjustment to the host culture as key to intercultural effectiveness and overlooked the importance of other possible mediators of successful performance, such as the cognitive skills that develop during second-culture exposure as a result of the tensions created by trying to internalize a new culture while also maintaining the old. In this paper I attempt to address these knowledge gaps by focusing on the effects of acculturation strategy and the mediating role of integrative complexity on performance. Based on the predictions of the Acculturation Complexity Model (ACM), I suggest that biculturals will reach higher levels of integrative complexity than will assimilated and separated individuals, and that consequently they will perform better in managerial tasks, irrespective of their levels of adjustment. The advantages of complexity, however, will not generalize to technical performance. Results from a study of 100 Israelis working in the U.S. confirm these hypotheses. Implications for international management theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories about what causes profit have played a central role in the development of the strategy field. Virtually all of these theories can be fit into one or more of the following four categories, according to the type of causal mechanism that they rely upon most heavily: collusion-based mechanisms, competence-based mechanisms, governance-based mechanisms, and flexibility-based mechanisms. While much research has been focused on developing and testing theories about the "main effects" of each of these individual types of causal mechanisms when applied in isolation from each other, far less attention has been focused on understanding the "interaction effects" of these causal mechanisms, where multiple pathways to profitability are combined together simultaneously. Are their interaction effects positive (mutually reinforcing or amplifying) or negative (mutually dampening or undermining)? In other words, is the combined joint effect of any given combination of these four profit-generation mechanisms equal to, greater than, or less than the sum of the separate parts? Using techniques of formal economic modeling, the present paper takes a first step toward developing a general theory that makes predictions about the answers to these questions, and also about the "boundary conditions" under which the main effects of these profit-generation mechanisms will have a positive effect on profit. The models developed herein predict ten propositions about the main effects and the two-way and three-way interaction effects. The implications of these ten propositions for the future of strategic management research, practice, pedagogy, and theory are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presumed connection between causal ambiguity and sustained, capabilities-based performance advantages is well-known to strategy researchers. This paper presents the first formal examination of this connection. I provide a precise distinction between the intrinsic, or potential, level of causal ambiguity associated with a particular strategy and the actual level that obtains in equilibrium. I find that intrinsic ambiguity is a necessary but, contrary to the speculation of some, insufficient condition for a sustained capability-based advantage. Most importantly, I also find that the complexity of the network of causal relations induced by a firm's strategy is not positively correlated with its intrinsic level of ambiguity. This contradicts earlier conjectures that have found their way into mainstream thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on information sharing has focused on exploring the conditions under which members reveal their disconfirming information, assuming that information exchanged by members will be utilized by teams. However, teams often fail to use the resources offered by their members. In the first part of the paper, I present a theoretical model that explains when disconfirming information offered by members will be elaborated upon by teams. Accordingly, I suggest that disconfirming information mentioned by members will be attended to and elaborated upon significantly more when teams are composed of members with high levels of team and functional background identification than when they are composed of members with high levels of team identification and low levels of functional background identification. Then, I examine how members negotiate, expand, and align their task- and team-related beliefs through elaborating on information held by members and how these processes, in turn, affect team performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizational productivity relies on individual efforts and, thus, the withholding of effort is a phenomenon that should be prevented at all costs. It has, however, existed and been documented as prevalent in organizations as far back as Taylor's experiences at Midvale Steel Company. This paper outlines historical accounts of withholding effort and presents a new, social-psychological perspective of this phenomenon, socially motivated underachievement, which applies more readily to today's workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the recent research about the role of business groups in remedying market failures, this paper examined the impact of diversification and group affiliation on firm performance. Set in the Indian context, it compares the influence of diversification, group affiliation and their interaction on firm performance before (1988) and after (1999) the country introduced dramatic market reforms (1991). Results show that in the pre-reform period while group affiliated diversifiers captured performance benefits, performance of unaffiliated diversifiers was negatively impacted. This suggests that the group structure exerted an important moderating effect on the diversification performance relationship. In the post-reform period marked by a decrease in market failures and an enhanced institutional infrastructure, the positive effect of group affiliation was absent. This underscores the central intermediation role that groups play in mitigating market failures is not as valuable in contexts where the incidence of such failure is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a theoretical model of the core constituents of high-performance work system (HPWS) and examines their effect on firm performance. The model incorporates the universalistic and the configurational perspectives of strategic human resource management. The effect of HPWS on firm performance is empirically tested using data collected from publicly-listed companies in Taiwan and multinational companies' branch offices in Taiwan. Initial factor analysis on HPWS practices supports our model's construct. Using the structural equation modeling technique, i.e., AMOS 4.0, better-performing firms were found to invest in more sophisticated HRM practices, which, in turn, further enhanced organizational performance. Such findings tentatively verify the causal effect of HPWS on firm performance. Contributions and limitations of this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents abstracts of symposiums about human resources. The symposium, "Diversity and Organizational Outcomes: The Moderating Effect of Context," states that within the management literature, researchers have recognized that diversity does not necessarily lead to positive organizational outcomes, and a growing body of evidence suggests that culture, strategy and human resource policies can influence the outcomes of organizational diversity. The symposium, "Creating New Visions of Mentoring: Building Bridges and Making Waves," uses a research incubator design to create new visions that bridge theory, research and practice in the field of mentoring. Meanwhile, the symposium, "New Directions in Workplace Aggression Research," states that despite an increasing body of research on workplace aggression, there remains a dearth of understanding when it comes to particular aspects of aggression at work.

Utilizing the comparative approach of transaction cost economics (TCE), this paper contributes to the developing knowledge-based theory (KBV) of governance choice. The paper provides justification for the importance of organizational alignment in the development of knowledge-based assets. The main contribution is that knowledge-based competencies and particular modes of organization are advantaged in solving different kinds of problems related to development, relative to other organizational modes. It then undertakes a comparative empirical examination of development performance, using pharmaceutical drug development as the empirical setting. A number of insights into the importance and interaction of experience and technological complexity in the development process are found. The paper thus adds to literature that examines knowledge development and its implications for organization and performance in R&D-intensive settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature has largely focused on the amount of experience with scant attention on the variety of prior experience. This paper develops the construct of prior experience variety, and argues that individuals with diverse prior experience not only acquire a broader range of domain-specific knowledge, but also develop greater capabilities for sharing and integrating knowledge across functional boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we argue that firms with high financial leverage will pay less attention to business areas associated with social performance. High leverage limits managers¿ ability to allocate resources to uses that may be seen as unproductive from a purely financial perspective. Investments associated with social performance frequently are hard to justify because of their uncertain payoffs. Using a large sample of firms over several years, we find that highly leveraged firms tend to have lower social performance ratings in employee and product areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs structural equation modeling to examine the relations between corporate governance, managers' independence, exporting and performance of companies in Poland and Hungary. It is found that managers' independence is positively associated with exporting and performance. In line with "learning-by-exporting" framework, exporting positively affects performance. Managers' independence is positively associated with the percentage of board seats held by foreign investors, but it is negatively associated with ownership concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper, we argue that the more intensive the firm's acquisition activity, the more frequently the firm should undertake large-scale organizational restructuring. Drawing on the insight that the integration of acquisitions is inevitably imperfect in the short term, thus giving rise to lingering integration problems that tie up management time and attention in highly acquisitive firms, we first hypothesize that acquisitions are an important driver of restructuring. Subsequently, we juxtapose two counteracting forces: one that pushes toward more frequent restructuring -- the positive content effect of restructuring -- and one that induces less frequent restructuring -- the negative process effect. Unlike most extant research, which studies the performance effects of isolated acquisitions, we argue, building on a small yet growing research stream, that the position of an acquisition within the sequence of acquisitions undertaken since the firm's last restructuring greatly influences its performance contribution. Furthermore, we examine the role of time in this relationship and how the dynamics of this relationship evolve as the firm becomes more experienced with acquisition and restructuring. Using panel data on large, highly acquisitive corporations covering over thirty years, we find support for our predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on organizational behavior topics which include the impact of negative interpersonal interactions on employees, gender stereotyping and bias in organizations and the mediating role of moral disengagement.

In this paper, we examine why and how institutional entrepreneurs initiate evaluations of firm performance as social measures of firm value along non-financial metrics. Such measures emerge to meet the information needs of a firm's stakeholders, but contain both enabling and disabling consequences that resemble fast-food--filling, convenient, and cheap, but of questionable nutritional value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]