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Classic denim jeans are generally fabrics having indigo-dyed warp threads. Depending on the desired effect, a bleaching process can be carried out for denim fabrics. Suitable alternatives for oxidative bleaching with sodium hypochlorite and potassium permanganate are not currently available. Some potential alternatives (e.g., peroxide, glucose, and enzymatic bleaching with laccase) are relatively expensive. In this paper, ozonation of denim fabric was investigated as an ecological and practical bleaching alternative. Due to its effective oxidizing potential, denim fabric was treated with ozone; sufficient bleaching results were obtained in a very short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change in the pilling degree of fabric was studied in detail when causticizing was performed on its own and in combination with enzymatic processes. Researchers have found this process dangerous but with definite advantages, Trials were performed at three different caustic soda concentrations, To observe the results of causticizing, and causticizing and enzymatic-treatment combinations, pilling tests were performed and bursting strength losses were measured, The surface change of viscose fabrics was also observed with scanning electron microscopy and microprojection. As a result of these evaluations, it was observed that causticizing has a positive (decreasing) effect on pilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]