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Funding Este trabajo fue apoyado por las subvenciones RD16/0011/0012 y PI18/0371 a IG-A, y PI12/01578 a SC del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) y cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. (FEDER). Actualmente, AT-M cuenta con una beca de doctorado de la Comunidad de Madrid (PEJD-2019-PRE/BMD-16851). Actualmente el NM se encuentra otorgado mediante RD16/0011/0012. El trabajo de ER-V cuenta actualmente con una subvención Rio-Hortega CM19/00149 del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) y cofinanciado por el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)., Galectin 1 (Gal1) is a lectin with a wide cellular expression that functions as a negative regulator of the immune system in several animal models of autoimmune diseases. Identification of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved during the last decade, although there is still a need for biomarkers allowing an early diagnosis. In this regard, it has been recently proposed that Gal1 serum levels are increased in patients with RA compared to the general population. However, this topic is controversial in the literature. In this work, we provide additional information about the potential usefulness of Gal1 serum levels as a biomarker for RA diagnosis. We studied Gal1 serum and synovial fluid levels and clinical parameters in samples from 62 patients with early arthritis belonging to the PEARL study. In addition, 24 healthy donors were studied. We found that both patients fulfilling RA criteria and patients with undifferentiated arthritis showed higher Gal1 levels than healthy donors. Similar findings were observed in synovial fluid, which showed even higher levels than serum. However, we did not find correlation between Gal1 levels and disease activity or disability. Therefore, our results suggest that Gal1 could be a diagnostic but not a severity biomarker., Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) / FEDER, Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Biología Celular, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Acknowledgements Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AES 2017): PI17/01972 to E.D. Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO): Plan Nacional de Salud SAF2017-82886-R, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Fundación BBVA a equipos de Investigación Científica 2018 and from Caixa Banking Foundation under the project code HR17-00016 to F.S.M. This research has been co-financed by Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)., The interplay between T cells, dendritic cells and keratinocytes is crucial for the development and maintenance of inflammation in psoriasis. GADD45 proteins mediate DNA repair in different cells including keratinocytes. In the immune system, GADD45a and GADD45b regulate the function and activation of both T lymphocytes and dendritic cells and GADD45a links DNA repair and epigenetic regulation through its demethylase activity. Here, we analyzed the expression of GADD45a and GADD45b in the skin, dendritic cells and circulating T cells in a cohort of psoriasis patients and their regulation by inflammatory signals. Thirty patients (17 male/13 female) with plaque psoriasis and 15 controls subjects (7 male/8 female), were enrolled. Psoriasis patients exhibited a lower expression of GADD45a at the epidermis but a higher expression in dermal infiltrating T cells in lesional skin. The expression of GADD45a and GADD45b was also higher in peripheral T cells from psoriasis patients, although no differences were observed in p38 activation. The expression and methylation state of the GADD45a target UCHL1 were evaluated, revealing a hypermethylation of its promoter in lesional skin compared to controls. Furthermore, reduced levels of GADD45a correlated with a lower expression UCHL1 in lesional skin. We propose that the demethylase function of GADD45a may account for its pleiotropic effects, and the complex and heterogeneous pattern of expression observed in psoriatic disease., Depto. de Biología Celular, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Galectin 1 (Gal1) is a lectin with a wide cellular expression that functions as a negative regulator of the immune system in several animal models of autoimmune diseases. Identifcation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved during the last decade, although there is still a need for biomarkers allowing an early diagnosis. In this regard, it has been recently proposed that Gal1 serum levels are increased in patients with RA compared to the general population. However, this topic is controversial in the literature. In this work, we provide additional information about the potential usefulness of Gal1 serum levels as a biomarker for RA diagnosis. We studied Gal1 serum and synovial fuid levels and clinical parameters in samples from 62 patients with early arthritis belonging to the PEARL study. In addition, 24 healthy donors were studied. We found that both patients fulflling RA criteria and patients with undiferentiated arthritis showed higher Gal1 levels than healthy donors. Similar fndings were observed in synovial fuid, which showed even higher levels than serum. However, we did not fnd correlation between Gal1 levels and disease activity or disability. Therefore, our results suggest that Gal1 could be a diagnostic but not a severity biomarker., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Instituto de Salud Carlos III)/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional(FEDER), Comunidad de Madrid, Depto. de Biología Celular, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub