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Depending on the retroreflective distribution measuring device, three sets of controlled experiments were designed. To obtain the retroreflective distribution of road traffic markings, the coefficient of retroreflected luminance (RL) changes of road traffic markings under different measurement geometry was analyzed. Several observation angles commonly used in retroreflection measurements were selected. The deviation range of vertical entrance angles was set to 8°. The horizontal entrance angles were selected according to the horizontal measurement angle of a mobile retroreflectometer unit. A white road traffic marking sample, which measured 10 mm × 46 mm, was used in the experiments. The results showed that the retroreflective distribution of road traffic markings was not uniform, the influence of the change of observation angle on the RL was greater than the entrance angle, and the change of retroreflection in the direction of the vertical entrance angle was more obvious than the horizontal entrance angle.