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The relevance and problems of instrumental studies of the density and composition of the upper layers of the atmosphere (ionosphere) are shown, regarding the absence of tools for direct measurements of the density and composition of the atmosphere at altitudes from 100 to 1000 km. A solution to these problems is proposed by developing a combined sensor of the density and composition of the upper layers of the atmosphere placed on micro and nanosatellites. As a prototype of a vacuum gauge, an inversed-magnetron PMM-32-1 type converter was selected. The shortcomings of it in the working conditions in the ionosphere are shown. The methods of its developing are proposed and the approximate design of a modernized vacuum gauge converter is considered, on the basis of which a combined density and composition converter of the upper atmosphere will be built by combining it with a charged particle trap that prevent the charged particles (electrons, ions and protons) from entering the working area of the gauge, ensure the accuracy of its readings and also allow determining the concentration negative and positive charge particles. Modeling of electric and magnetic fields in the working area of the converter was carried out, on the basis of which the ionization processes in its working area should be further calculated.