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The bottom is a significant boundary of the ocean, whose properties have always been concerned by oceanographers and geologists, and achieved considerable attention in civil and military applications. To realize estimation of bottom parameters efficiently and accurately, a remote sensing method of bottom parameters based on acoustic backscattering characteristics is proposed in this paper. The bottom backscattering strength was measured in a wide band (6–24 kHz) and grazing angle range (20°-70°), employing an omnidirectional projector and an omnidirectional hydrophone. The bottom parameters is efficiently obtained according to a wealth of information of backscattering strength at different frequencies and grazing angles, through fitting of a scattering model to the measured data, including geophysical parameters (geoacoustic parameters and physical parameters) of the marine sediment, and statistic character parameters of the seafloor roughness and the sediment heterogeneity. Finally, the estimate accuracy of some parameters is analyzed by comparing with direct measurement results. The method is hopeful to be a new approach of remote sensing of the bottom properties, which will improve the efficiency in conventional marine environment surveys.