1. Understanding the distribution of chlorine in perovskite solar cells via x-ray fluorescence microscopyl
- Author
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Sigalit Aharon, Lioz Etgar, Yanqi Luo, Mariana I. Bertoni, David P. Fenning, Martin V. Holt, Benjamin Stripe, Sally Nijem, Shany Gamliel, and Volker Rose
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Iodide ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanoprobe ,X-ray fluorescence ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Chlorine ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology ,Stoichiometry ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
Spatial heterogeneities in the chemical makeup of thin film photovoltaic devices are pivotal in determining device efficiency. In this study, the presence of chlorine is identified in perovskite films synthesized with Cl-containing precursors by means of nanoprobe X-ray fluorescence (Nano-XRF). Additionally, a spatial variation in the Cl incorporation is observed within a given film, and the standard deviation of Cl: I ratio across the film is large. Using Nano-XRF, the Cl incorporation in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films can be manipulated by precursor stoichiometry ratio.
- Published
- 2016
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