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Broadcasting is a fundamental operation in a mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) protocols. The flooding is the simplest mechanism used for message broadcasting in MANETs in which a message is rebroadcasted, by each node, exactly once. Despite its simplicity, it can cause high redundancy retransmission that could generate messages contention and collision. However, the issue is finding a way to minimize the number of redundantly received messages in order to save transmission energy while maintaining good latency and high reachability. Several enhanced versions of the flooding mechanism have been proposed to alleviate this issue by inhibiting some nodes from rebroadcasting. The selection of relay nodes is a major design consideration in all enhanced versions. In this paper, a dynamic threshold-based probabilistic scheme (DTP) is introduced. In DTP, the threshold value at the nodes is dynamically adjusted using only information from neighboring nodes. Results are presented and show the efficiency of DTP in terms of reachability, saved rebroadcast, and average latency.

Currently mobile devices like smartphones are equipped with high performance processors, memory, sensors and storage. Therefore they can do a lot of what traditional desktop and laptop computers do. Their emergence has led to many applications especially which are offered by the cloud computing. This technology is called mobile cloud computing. MCC combines the features of both mobile computing and cloud computing. Users of Mobile can get rich experience of various services from their own mobile applications that run on cloud servers. The only barrier which prevents those users to adopt mobile cloud computing is that there are risks in terms of security and privacy of the data and services. Because, mobile cloud computing has limitations in terms of data storage, bandwidth, heterogeneity, scalability, availability, reliability, and privacy [5]. So the security solution for it has become a research focus. In this paper, we are more interested in data security in mobile cloud computing environment. We propose a hybrid architecture based on Encryption as a Service. It empowers the cloud clients to be in control of their cryptographic operations and keys that they deploy in the cloud, independently of the cloud provider. Firstly, we outline cloud computing technology, then we explore mobile cloud computing environment and we analyze some encryption algorithms. Finally we propose our achitecure to solve the problem of privacy in MCC.