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This paper investigates the modeling of energy carriers (electricity and gas) systems in the form of “energy hubs” in IRAN. In an energy hub, different energy carriers can interact with each other and an optimization problem can be solved to provide electricity and heat considering constraints on natural gas and electricity networks. Since IRAN has abundant natural gas resources, integrating electricity and natural gas networks within the content of energy hub can be useful in efficiently meeting country's demand for electricity and heat. In this paper, both energy networks are modeled and studied using energy hubs. Each energy hub represents one of the provincial districts in IRAN. Heating loads on different parts of IRAN are estimated and optimal conversion of gas to electricity and heat in each hub is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper deals with decision making for new photovoltaic power plant establishment in Iran's electrical network. Iran Electricity network consists of 16 Regional Electricity Companies. In order to find an appropriate place for Photovoltaic power plant, different aspects of the problem have been evaluated and different relative weights are assigned to them. Finally, problem is formulated and solved using Expert Choice software by AHP method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Smart grids are integrated communications and power system infrastructures to improve the efficiency, reliability and safety of power deliveries and its usages. In this paper, Time of Use (TOU) programs in smart grids is studied. In this regard, Real Time Pricing method (RTP) has been developed using multi objective load models. Also, the effects of smart grids on demand curve have been simulated by different scenarios. Also, elasticity criterion in this method is optimized, and after that the best elasticity value is achieved. Also, Iran's national grid has been selected to analyze the effects of real time pricing in smart grid environments on load curve. Meanwhile, the results have been compared with TOU programs for better presentation of proposed method and finally excellent performance of the presented technique will be shown. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, the impact of demand response programs (DRPs) on reliability improvement of the restructured power systems is quantified. In this regard, the demand response (DR) model which treats consistently the main characteristics of the demand curve is developed for modeling. In proposed model, some penalties for customers in case of no responding to load reduction and incentives for customers who respond to reducing their loads are considered. In order to make analytical evaluation of the reliability, a mixed integer DCOPF is proposed by which load curtailments and generation re-dispatches for each contingency state are determined. Both transmission and generation failures are considered in contingency enumeration. The proposed technique is modeled in the GAMS software and solved using CPLEX. Reliability indices for generation-side, transmission network and whole system are calculated using this technique. Different DRPs based on the DR model are implemented over the IEEE RTS 24-bus test system, and reliability indices for different parties are calculated. Afterward, using proposed performance index, the priority of the considered programs is determined from view point of different market participants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Electricity has overtime become one of the most important forms of energy to man. One of the key concerns of the electricity industry for planning and strategic purposes is the quantity of electricity consumed. To this end it has become vital over the years for accurate and efficient mechanisms to model and predict electricity consumption patterns. This paper presents an efficient electricity consumption model for North Cyprus. The designed model is based on using a back propagation neural network. This supervised neural model has as its inputs key economic and seasonal indicators, which to a large extent influence every nation's electricity consumption including North Cyprus. The output of the system is total electricity consumed per year. The system was developed using economic and social indicators of the North Cyprus State Planning Organization (SPO) over the past 32 years, and the obtained experimental results indicate that neural networks can be effectively used for automatic modelling of electricity consumption, provided their input training and validation information are meaningful. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In a renewable energy community the energy demand must be supplied on-site using renewable sources. Energy storage systems and load management are key factors to achieve energy balance. This paper presents the performance comparison, based on software simulations, of two different arrangements of a theoretical renewable energy community in the German city Cottbus. Electricity is generated from photovoltaic panels and small wind turbines. The houses are considered passive houses in order to reduce space heating demand. Energy storage systems are used to stabilize the fluctuating generation and to supply the demand when there is no or insufficient generation. Electric vehicles are considered as an extra storage mean as well as a load. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The rising of electricity and heating prices due to primary energy resources scarcity will drive households to generate their own energy on-site using renewable sources. Energy generation potential and energy demand are directly proportional to specific geographic location and urban density. This paper presents an analysis, based on software simulations, of different on-site electricity and heating renewable systems to serve the energy demand of a renewable energy community. The case study is based on a theoretical community in the German city Cottbus. This paper also introduces the most used electrochemical energy storage systems, as well as heating renewable systems. The community is disconnected from the utility grid and the houses are integrated by a central control station. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Green energy is an important part of solution for future energy concern. Electricity is a magnificent form of energy with potential of increasing efficiency in different processes. The department of energy report that came out last year, points out that −12% is the saving of carbon dioxide emissions from the UK electricity sector by increasing penetration of consuming green energies. It is an obvious reduction which will happen if we turn to wind or solar instead of coal or other fossil fuel. This smoothly change present something that the power system themselves should be changed in generation. In this paper, we focus on the green electricity tariffs and their contribution to UK electricity market. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Over the recent years, the increase of Pollutants, the global warming, and the establishment of strict laws of environmental issues like Kyoto protocol in 1997 and Copenhagen meeting in 2009 has convinced governments to alter non-fossil in their energy development road map. As well in regard to the economical issues like the fluctuation of the oil and gas prices, call green energies to be applicable. In this paper, we evaluate the domestic customer's interest in contributing to green energy and also to estimate the elements that my influence their decision on choosing electricity tariffs in UK by analysis of a survey among electricity customers in London. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper explores the impact of smart grid on implementation of emergency demand response programs (EDRPs). In this regard, the power model of EDRP with consideration of incentive rate for customers who respond to reducing their loads is developed. The methodology is demonstrated through case study simulated on Iranian power system. The impact of smart grid on EDRP programs is discussed and it is shown that EDRP programs would be executed more effectively in a smart grid. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper we present a numerical study of the energy efficiency of the water PVT system used in industry. Two cases are studied in comparison: a system with a heat exchanger and a system with a storage tank. The expressions for the calculation of energy indicators are presented, allowing for a competent analysis of the PVT system. The numerical results obtained from the study are analyzed and some solutions to improve energy efficiency of the PVT used in industry are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Taking into account the statistical report on 44 years of activities of Iran electric power industry (1967–2010), the present situation of wind power as a renewable source for electricity production is reviewed. Also, based on Iran wind atlas new wind sites (81 sites) are evaluated as a case study. In this paper a multi-criteria method is proposed to prioritize wind sites. Firstly, the sites with grid connected operation capability (with mean speed above 5 m/s) are determined and included in this study. Secondly, using the yearly wind speed data of the sites, the parameters of the Weibull probability distribution function are calculated. Then, based on the power curve of the conventional wind turbines and using Analytical Hierarchical Process methodology and choosing a set of criteria, the sites are prioritized. Finally, the coincidence between the Weibull wind speed frequencies and observed frequencies are investigated for the wind sites with the maximum and minimum overall weights. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Investing in a risk-diversified portfolio of investments necessitates a clear idea of how the welfare of local communities (where the investments are to be realized) is affected. The present paper analyses this hypothesis for renewable energy investments. We examine a range of characteristics/attributes which formulate preferences favoring a portfolio of RES investments. We apply our research to a geographical region which holds a considerable potential of RES availability, the island of Lesvos, northern Greece. We designed and implemented a structured contingent valuation survey to a random sample of the inhabitants of Lesvos in order to investigate individual preferences and attitudes towards a portfolio of RES and elicit public acceptance for investing in specific RES technologies. We argue that such information is relevant for energy policy design and the establishment of effective measures for the promotion of renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The objective of unifying the electricity networks to create a single electricity market represents a complex process. Thus, it requires simplification. In last years, a large number of State Members consider transmission corridors being an optimal solution for integration into a common electricity market. Currently, real power exchanges between regions are achieved through another intermediary region. This paper contains an analysis of transmission cost allocation to market participants in case of indirect transfer using an interconnected system. Case study is carried on a real system, including west, southwest and northwest parts of the Romanian Power System. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper critically reviews Demand Response concepts, customer participation in deregulated wholesale electricity market based on various Demand Response techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper examines selected aspects of the wind power development, using Poland as an example. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Increasing role of electricity energy in economical development and living level of human societies is unavoidable. Over these recent years the environmental issues such as increase of Pollutants, the global warming, the establishment of strict laws of environmental issues and international protocols like Kyoto in 1997 and Copenhagen in 2009, also economical issues like the fluctuation of the oil and gas prices regarding resources limit and political events have made politicians to be concerned for future energy. Hence, in this paper, current and future energy factors consisting energy generation, consumption, price, environmental, and market issue in European Union (EU) are analyzed and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper considers specific features of problem statement for the medium-term generation scheduling in a wholesale electricity market environment. An approach is suggested to solve the problem on the basis of bilevel optimization models. Such models take into account possible distortion of data on economic parameters of generating units and further centralized scheduling of electricity generation by the System Operator. The bilevel models calculate the levels of locational marginal prices in the wholesale market. The calculation of prices is necessary to take account of the price elasticity of demand and to analyze the profit of electricity suppliers. To simulate the competitive behavior under the conditions of oligopoly market, the authors determine the equilibrium state, at which electricity suppliers have no incentive to change their decisions unilaterally. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents an on-line system used for monitoring power quality, transferred from producers up to distributors on the Romanian energy market. The system allow the analysis of methods and means for making all maintenance works inside transformer power stations, belonging to TRANSELECTRICA S.A., the National Company for Power Transport, at high efficiency. Monitoring the power quality indicators, performed via dedicated analyzers, portable or fixed, facilitates compliance to standard limits and create the database required for the completion and correction of the standards. As a study case it is used a representative substation within the Romanian Power System (220/110/20 kV Ungheni Substation). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The increasing growth of electricity usage in buildings points out the significant role of residential users in the programs for the efficient control and management of electrical energy. The shaving of consumption peaks in household is becoming an integral part of the national energy strategies to reduce the risk of blackouts and ensure environmental sustainability of new urban context. This paper investigates the use of the paradigm of swarm intelligence to scheduling the operation of household appliances in order to reduce to smooth the variation and reduce the peak-to-average ratio of total electricity demand at home. Simulation results confirm the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A massive focus has recently been made on demand response (DR) programs, aimed to the electricity price reduction, reliability improvement, and energy efficiency. Basically, DR programs are divided into twofold main categories, namely incentive-based programs and price- or time-based programs. The focus of this paper is on priced-based DR programs including consumer responses to the time differentiated pricing. Home load management (HLM) program is designed to control responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by the consumer. Uncertain parameters associated with PHEV, i.e. its departure/travelling time and energy consumption as well as the grid unavailability in serving the loads are incorporated in the proposed probabilistic HLM model. Numerical simulations are conducted to illustrate the investigated notions and to verify the advantages of the developed model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Nowadays, there are several demand response (DR) programs which are offered to electricity customers in different countries. Accordingly system operators are usually facing with appropriate designing and pricing of DR programs that could be incentive for consumers to participate in such programs which lead to improvement of some technical and economic characteristics. In this paper, time-of-use (TOU) program as a prevalent program is modeled linearly based on self and cross elasticities. In order to determine TOU program tariffs, a joint optimization of operation cost and customers' benefit is proposed based on security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC). Also some supplementary constraints are considered such as daily energy consumption requirement and demand response potential limitation. The proposed model has been formulated by GAMS programming language and solved using CPLEX solver. The validity of the proposed method is tested over the IEEE 24-bus test system. In this regard the impact of calculated TOU rates on financial profit of all customers, improvement of peak load and operational cost are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In China, there have been high penetrations of coalfired cogeneration facilities which are generally equipped with extraction-condensing steam turbines. Considerable coal is consumed in the power generation sector, and a lot of wind power resources may be abandoned simultaneously, which has been a ridiculous phenomenon in practice in Northern China. A proposal is given in this article, so as to enable the more integration of wind power. The authors suggest that if the energy carrier for part of the end users' space heating are switched from heating water to electricity [e.g. electric heat pumps (EHPs) can provide space heating in the domestic sector], the ratio of electricity to heating water load should be adjusted to optimize the power dispatch between combined heating and power (CHP) facilities and wind turbines. Finally a numerical simulation is performed to illustrate both the technical and economic feasibility of the aforementioned proposal, under ongoing infrastructures as well as electricity and space heating tariff conditions without changing participants' benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]