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In order to increase the efficiency of routing and querying, decrease the maintenance cost of structure P2P network, a hierarchical small-world P2P networks (HSN) with low maintenance cost is proposed in this paper, which describe the methods about how to create and maintenance a P2P network. To demonstrate the value of HSN, this paper simulates Chord and HSN with different networks size and system parameters, and the result shows that (1) the route latency of HSN is smaller than O(logN) , where is the number of nodes in the P2P networks, (2) HSN maintenance cost decreased nearly the half of the Chord.

Ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization on semantic and knowledge. This paper presents a formal definition on ontology and gives an example. Then, a method to measuring semantic similarity is presented. Semantic similarity is divided into concept similarity and description similarity. A calculation of semantic similarity between concepts in ontology is presented by the hierarchy of ontology concepts. To make the calculation of semantic similarity between concepts more similar to human's subjective judgment, semantic similarity is divided into concept similarity and description similarity; the final semantic similarity is produced by merging concept similarity and description similarity. Finally, the optimized parameter settings are gained through the experiment results.

This paper presents a Hierarchical Object-Oriented Petri Net (HOOPN) modeling method based on Ontology that should not only enable sharing Petri nets models on the Semantic Web but also present a high level Petri net. Previous work on formal methods for representing Petri nets mainly focuses on modeling and analyzing aspects or formats for Petri net model interchange. However, such efforts do not provide a suitable model description for using Petri nets on the Semantic Web. This paper uses the HOOPN with the Ontology concepts as a starting point for implementing the Petri net ontology. Moreover this paper uses HOOPN as the Petri net model method. HOOPN supports a wide range of Object-Oriented features including abstract, encapsulated and modularized objects, object interaction by message passing, inheritance, and polymorphism.