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The synergetic development relationship between logistics service providers and manufacturing clusters is discussed in this paper based on the potential function of profit. The data analysis of the Shaoxing textile enterprise cluster's case is made to prove that both the cluster and logistic service providers can improve their production efficiency and profits through synergy, and the overall competition capability of the regional economy can also be promoted.

In China, the bidding mechanism with base price is still widely used in construction projects nowadays. The aim of this paper, with help of game theory, is to analyze the bidding which has the base price and regards the inviter as one of the participants in construction projects. Firstly, a brief description of the bidding process based on game theory is presented. The paper then deeply analyzes bidding decisions according to two different circumstances: on condition that costs of bidders become common knowledge and on condition that bidders can only get incomplete information. It is found that, in the former circumstance, bidders need to consider costs and should make an estimate of the base price when there is no significant difference among their costs. However, in the latter circumstance, if bidders' costs are estimated lower than the base price, they could decide the equilibrium bidding strategies themselves. Finally, the paper closes with recommendations and applicative conditions of the bidding strategies.

Although many outdoor location techniques have been proposed, these techniques are ideal outdoors but they are generally not available indoors. With the increasing use of mobile computing devices and an expansion of wireless local area networks (WLAN), there is growing interest in an indoor wireless positioning systems based on WLAN infrastructure. This paper proposes a method that is based on IEEE 802.11 and uses the received signal strength (RSS) of WLAN transmissions from/to WLAN access points (AP) to determine the position of the mobile target; this paper also gives corresponding positioning algorithm. In the proposed method, the indoor environment is divided into several sub-spaces and a database of signal characteristics is created according to the characteristic point and signal transmission model in different sub-spaces, then we can achieve the purpose of indoor accuracy positioning.

China is the world's fastest growing market for Internet users. For businesses operating on the global business plane, how to make effective use of the Internet to brings about a significant transformation in business practices? How to integrate market resources more effectively, and enhance their competitiveness? This paper attempts to provide some ideas for reference. This paper deeply analyzes the impact of internet on traditional business operations and management. We find that E-commerce is only a demonstration of competitive strategy to try for traditional businesses a few years ago, today they have become necessary as a strategy. Based on the fact of China's companies, we find out that entrepreneur should have strong sense of Internet, re-design the development strategy, push the corporate innovation forward and improve the investment on Internet and Human Resources.

This paper has a discussion and research on building a new economics architecture for Resource management for manufacturing grid (MG) based on beneficial drive. It firstly inducts the economics roles into manufacturing gird to express the economic attributes of resources of MG. Then it analyses the relationship between different roles. And paper adopts the MGeQoS to the WSDL expression to describe MGeQoS attributes and puts forward the matching service negotiation mechanism of economics model to realize the selection of economics model and do the management and scheduling of resource via the user MGeQoS. Finally paper gives a resource bargain economic model for MG based on negotiation. It is a effective resource management method of economic model of MG.

The conversion of tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge is one of the most important content of knowledge management. After studying the existing state of tacit knowledge externalization both in domestic and overseas, this paper is concerned with fuzzy cognitive map methodology. On the basis of tacit knowledge representation with fuzzy cognitive maps which proposed by Kun Chang Lee etc., in this paper a dynamical fuzzy cognitive maps model to the quantification representation of the causal type of tacit knowledge. Finally, the experiments verify the superiority of quantification model.

The eTong is an e-commerce platform aimed at facilitating information exchange and electronic transactions among producers, suppliers and retailers by exploiting cost effective information technology. Through its innovative design, the eTong system replaces the complex intermediate sales links in distribution channels and integrates all the retailers to eTong to form a highly effective community. The "producers- eTong-retailers" model proposed by eTong is considered an innovative solution for traditional marketing and could potentially contribute to the enhancement of e-commerce in China. This paper first addresses the background of eTong and its system solution. Then, we describe two test beds to demonstrate the application of eTong in tobacco and non-tobacco industries. At last, we conclude the paper with perspectives on future development of eTong and also the challenges it faces.

Mobile Ad-hoc networks have recently attracted a lot of attention in the research community as well as in industry. Although the previous research mainly focused on several of Ad-hoc in routing, we consider, in this paper, how to efficiently support applications such as variable Goocasting based on Ad-hoc networks. The goal of a geocasting protocol is deliver data packets to a group of nodes that are located within a specified geocasting region. Previous research that support geocast service in mobile computing based on Ad-hoc have the non-optimization problem of data delivery path, overhead by frequent reconstruction of the geocast tree, and service disruption problem. In this paper, we propose the mobility pattern based geocast technique using variable service range according to the mobility of destination node and resource reservation to solve this problem. The experimental results show that our proposed mechanism has improved performance of Accessibility & Network Overhead than previous research.

First of all, the paper bases on the analysis of the characteristic during the construction bidding phase in building construction enterprise and the technology of case-based reasoning (CBR), and presents a framework of CBR-based bidding knowledge management system for building construction enterprise. Then, this paper analyzes the component of the framework. At last, the authors study the process of case reasoning, as well as research the key technologies for realizing the system, such as knowledge representation, case representation and retrieval. Bases on the framework and the key technologies which is presented in this paper, these building construction enterprise are easy to realize their bidding knowledge management system, thus the knowledge can be shared and reused availably, the tacit knowledge can be captured and saved during the construction bidding phase, the time and cost of solving problem can be also reduced by using the CBR- based bidding knowledge management system (KMS) for construction enterprise.

Knowledge service is an innovational service which amalgamates the concept of services innovation and knowledge innovation. Digital library is the national knowledge infrastructure which provides various kinds of knowledge services for promoting knowledge innovation. In order to effectively organize the complex information resources in the digital library and make them understood and processed by machine automatically, more semantic descriptions are needed. Ontology has become a promising technology to express semantics. Ontology concepts and technologies are taken into consideration in this paper, and two domain ontologies are built on the base of our investigation. And then this paper proposes an ontology-based framework for knowledge service in digital library and analyses its service process. Using this framework, more efficient knowledge services can be provided by a digital library for satisfying the customers' individual requirement about knowledge.

This paper tries to solve the problem on existing supply chain management. The paper puts forward a novel information collection system that based on RFID technology. The paper discusses that how to build this system by bottom up mode. Also the paper describes that how to use the system on supply chain management and the change that bring from by using it. In the end it deeply analyses the advantages of this newly information collection system.

Logistic distribution is an operation linking with consumer directly ,and takes account for considerable proportion in variable costs in logistics. A scientific and reasonable method to vehicle scheduling is an important operation in logistic distribution. This paper attempts to take VSP in VMI as the tow core problems for further research. VSP in VMI may be looked as the stretch of the VSP above. On the VSP in VMI, this paper analyses the contribution of the optimization of logistic distribution's system. Being aimed at looking for the optimal distribution policy, this paper put delivery routing and inventory into consideration jointly, and brings forward an mathematic model and its algorithm. Consequently, results from the case proved the availability of the model and its algorithm.

This paper proposes a time and frequency synchronization technique for MIMO OFDM system by employing the loosely synchronous (LS) codes as the training sequences. The auto-correlation functions of all LS codes are ideal, and there exists an interference-free window (IFW) or a zero correlation zone (ZCZ) in their cross-correlation functions of the LS codes around the origin. These properties of the LS codes make the synchronization of the MIMO OFDM system easily and more accurate. The synchronization process proposed in this paper can be viewed as the four stage process of 1) segmented matched filter based coarse time acquisition, 2) the coarse frequency offset estimation by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique with quadratic interpolation in the frequency domain, 3) fine time acquisition and channel estimation by LS code coherent detection, 4) phase rotation based fine frequency offset estimation. Through the simulation, the synchronization algorithm shows satisfactory performance even at a low SNR, high frequency offset and in a frequency selective channel.

Lots of facts prove that the technique advantage does not mean the market advantage. Therefore we should pay more attention to the market strategies rather than the blind expansion on 3G (3rd Generation, International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) network. Based on the theory of surplus value, this paper raises a settlement standard calculation model to achieve the content-based billing of mobile data service for 3G. This paper is organized as follows, firstly, it defines the conception of content-based billing; secondly it analyzes the existing billing mode, and illustrates content-based billing would greatly facilitate the development of data service in the age of 3G; finally it puts forward a settlement standard calculation model based on the theory of surplus value to implement the content-based billing.

Six software export cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, etc. have been chosen by Chinese government as software export bases since 2004 in order to accelerate software industry internationalization. However, the efficiency of the software cities has not yet been paid enough attention. This paper firstly overviews the history of Chinese software industry. Then it analyzes the correlation between software exports and the revenues of software industry. Thirdly, this paper estimates the efficiency of the main software export cities based on data envelopment analysis. Lastly, it gives some suggestions for improving efficiency of software export cities for local governments.

Assessing the optimal freight tariff relationship appropriately is significant for the revolution of freight tariff and the development of transportation. According the theory of welfare economy, based on maximization social welfare, the paper constructs an optimal ratio relationship model in waterway and railway and solves the optimal one by means of graphic. What's more, the paper makes several meaningful conclusions.

This paper presented comparison of vertical and horizontal Layered MIMO OFDM system. The results are simulated in both Rayleigh and AWGN channels. In this paper, vertical and horizontal Layered MIMO OFDM system is simulated for two and three number of transmit and receive antennas and their performance is analyzed in terms of bit error rate (BER). We evaluate that the performance of turbo coded vertical layered MIMO OFDM system is better than that of horizontal layered MIMO OFDM system.

This paper presents a fuzzy Choquet integral approach which is used to evaluate the capability of supplier and then to deal with the supplier selection problem. Firstly, the basic of fuzzy measures and Choquet integral are introduced. Secondly, linguistic terms expressed in trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are used to assess the ratings for the suppliers' quality and the importance of criteria. Then, an evaluation model based on the fuzzy measure and Choquet integral theory is proposed, and we give the detailed procedure with an example. This paper shows that the proposed model is very well suited as an evaluation tool for supplier selection decisions.

Noncircular signals (e.g. BPSK signals) are widely used in communication systems. The NC-2q-MUSIC algorithm proposed in this paper is an extension of the 2q-MUSIC algorithm to noncircular applications. The performance of NC- 2q-MUSIC algorithm for noncircular signals is better than 2q- MUSIC algorithm due to the utilization of noncircular information of signals. The resolution and robustness to modeling errors of NC-2q- MUSIC algorithm become better with the increase of the value of q. The computational complexity of the NC-2q- MUSIC algorithm is analyzed in this paper and the NC- 2q- MUSIC algorithm for uniform linear array (ULA) called NC- 2q-MUSIC/ULA which needs much less computation is also proposed. Simulation results show the better performance of NC- 2q-MUSIC algorithm than 2q-MUSIC and validate other conclusions about NC-2q-MUSIC.

The paper advocate the use of ontologies to explicitly specify all learning designs, learning objects and the relations between them to increase the level of reusability and presents an ontology-based approach to integrate learning designs and learning object content. In this paper we first define a conceptual model that introduces an intermediary level between learning design and learning objects called the reusability context. Then, we use ontologies to represent these concepts. At last, we conclude by analyzing the potential usability of the proposed framework.

PPP (public-private partnership) projects often incur excessive time overruns during the pre-contract stages, difficulty in reaching agreement on financial proposal being one of the major reasons. The paper focuses on providing a scientific method of analyzing PPP financing schemes so as to facilitate the pre-contract negotiations between the parties. Due to the long period of concession contract, all critical factors should be considered changing over time. Besides, a holistic point of view should be adopted to deal with the interdependences among the factors. Therefore, the paper establishes a prototype with system dynamics software to assess the applicability of PPP financing schemes. To calculate the applicability, three major factors are involved: benefits for public sector, benefits for private sector and benefits for the society.

It is commonly recognized that knowledge is the only source of core competence of companies in the era of knowledge- based economy, but the drain rate of knowledge workers is always high. Many scholars, experts and companies' managers have been studying on the reasons for knowledge workers' drain. Based on knowledge workers' characteristics, this paper categorizes knowledge workers' career into running-in period, growing period, maturity period and stabilization period. Furthermore, this paper establishes a dominant needs model of knowledge workers' career, studies and analyzes the reasons for the drain of knowledge workers in their different career period from a dynamic point of view. It is hoped that this paper will help companies to implement different corresponding measures according to different drain reasons during different career periods to lower down the drain rate.

Supply chain plays a key role for the success of an enterprise in gaining competitive edge, markets demanding agility and quick market responsiveness, which represent complex phenomena in global competition. To discover the behavior and mechanism of organization, nowadays, more and more people have paid attention to the complexity theory such as self-organization, dissipative structure theory, synergetic theory, etc. The paper introduces the concept of self-organization theories and supply chain firstly. Then enlightened by the systematical methodology, the paper puts forward the concept of sustainability of organization on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of self-organized supply chain. A thorough analysis of the mechanism of supply chain sustainability has been made accordingly. Finally, the paper adopts the supply chain system of TCL Group as an example, indicating that the success of TCL Group is mostly due to its effective and efficient self-organized supply chain.

The standardization of the structure for the emergency response management team (ERMT) is the foundation of efficiently handling all kinds of emergency. Basing on the work of other researchers, this paper used methodologies of ontology and UML to construct an ontology-based model for ERMT. It focused on the characteristics of ERMT. This ontology-based model facilitates the shared understanding for people from different domains. It maps the corresponding relationship between the positions in ERMT and the roles in government, in this way, strengthening the ability to manage and respond efficiently to the crisis. This paper is based on the actual requirements of enhancing emergency management, which is becoming more and more important after '911'. So it is very useful and has a wide application in practice. The model can be used to rapidly bring together various resources into rational ERMT according to types of unexpected events.

This paper presents an efficient localization algorithm for an indoor mobile robot using the RFID system. The mobile robot carries a RFID reader at the bottom of the mobile robot, which reads the RFID tags on the floor to localize the mobile robot. Each RFID tag stores its own unique position which is used to calculate the position of the mobile robot. In this paper, a SLAM (simultaneously localization and mapping) algorithm is proposed to extend into RFID system for positioning and localization. Though the experiments, this algorithm has been proved to successfully achieve the mobile object position estimation and tracking in 2D range by using known RFID data.

Agile supply chain comes into being with the development of supply chain and agile manufacturing. It is an effective method to use multiagent technology to support agile supply chain management. Based on the analysis on the characteristic of agile supply chain and multiagent technology, and to achieve the goal of quick response and dynamic reconstruction, this paper presents the architecture of multiagent-based agile supply chain, and analyzes the construction and the operation mechanism of enterprise agents and coordination agent in detail. Furthermore, taking CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) as the distributed standard, this paper discusses the design and the development of agile supply chain system.

Recently, a number of papers provide compelling evidence to the significant existence of large movement in capital market. Such large movement of market usually exhibits an abrupt jump, upwards or downward, in the price of financial asset, along with inducing a particular risk to investors. In order to explore this market behavior more clearly, we propose a Levy type model in this paper to model the change of stock index. Unlike many other jump or diffusion stochastic volatility models, our model provides a channel through which jump dynamics and volatility can display an interactive influence on each other. Based on the model, we then discuss a VaR risk control strategy for index futures. The empirical results indicate the significant existence of large movements in China stock market and their great impact on index return and volatility. Hence, it is important for us to take them into accounting when pricing index futures or making portfolio decision. Our results also support the assumption of an interactive relationship between volatility and jump dynamics. Meanwhile, conventional ARCH type models, such as GJR-GARCH, are definitely misspecified, since they significantly overshoot the index volatility after a large movement of the market. Overall, our results provide a more profound understanding on large movement or jumps in market, and a new way of modeling and forecasting of volatility as well as the risk control of index futures.

Operational risk (oprisk) measure is one of the primary management in banks. Because of the uncertainty in oprisk assessing it's important to use the uncertainty reasoning theory to quantify the information from experts, owing to the key role of the experts' knowledge to the oprisk measurement. This paper used the DS evidence theory to establish the frame of discernment, collect the information from experts, and adopt 2 kinds of weight coefficients: weight of same group experts and weight between different groups, to modify the Dempster's combining formula to find the final assessment of oprisk. The paper it confirms the validity of this method through demonstration on 3 commercial banks in China.

This paper combines the "value-oriented man hypothesis with motivation mechanism according to the "value- oriented man" hypothesis of science & technology talents(S&T talents), and analyzes the characteristics of "value-oriented man": strong self-awareness, independent values and keen desire for value-actualization, desire for advancing self-value, desire for flow, loyalty to career., namely S,W,D,A,J. Then, this paper proposes value-oriented man's five kinds of needs corresponding to S, W, D, A, J., and establishes "value-oriented man" double- circle motivation model. Finally, from views of S, W, D, A, J, it puts forward tactics to motivate Chinese S&T talents for independent innovation.

Discount transaction of Securities Investment Funds is a normal phenomenon of domestic and international fund markets. On the basis of nonlinear fractal theory, this paper uses Hurst exponent to validate the fractal time sequence of China's fund market, calculates H value and chooses connective 54 weeks' data of fund market to inspect the mean reversion time sequence. Because the traditional arbitrage methods are not feasible in China, the paper takes the Chinese market condition and law system into account and proposes a new arbitrage methods based on "mean reversion" character of fund discount. The author designs the optimal fund investment model and proposes the relative investment suggestion.

The risk management is always an important point and tough subject in the project management. However, the proposal of the general project risk analysis theory provides a new idea to solve the project risk In this paper, Markov chain in absorbable state is used in the project risk management. According to "non-aftereffect" of Markov process, a state transmission probability matrix is built to analyze and predict the project future development state. It also provides a quantitatively feasible method to analyze the project risk. In the end of this paper, a construction company project risk evaluation example is applied to testify the validity of this method.

On the basis of summarizing international business process outsourcing patterns, this paper explained the reasons for the selection of BPO based on hybrid pattern of factor endowment selection and the future strategy-innovation oriented strategy. Then, this paper interpreted the methodology, the data source and analysis. At last, this paper put forward the selection for Shanghai BPO, which is to choose the four important industries, which are software development outsourcing, R&D outsourcing, and logistic outsourcing and finance outsourcing.

Using optimal weighted combination model and neural network model, this paper compares the performance of the linear and non-linear forecast combining methods. The empirical study reveals that the non-linear methods simulated by neural network are superior. Finally, the paper analyzes the reasons from mechanism aspect.

In the mobile wireless sensor network, topology control is a challenging topic. In this paper, a mobile topology control framework is proposed. The network is sampled periodically, the stationary topology control algorithm is implemented repeatedly, and a common redundant transmission range is applied to each node guarantee a certain probability of connectivity. With extensive simulations, this paper investigates the settings of sampling time and redundant transmission range, for the given network deployment, mobility model, and topology control algorithm. The balance between three performance criteria in the mobile topology control algorithm is considered, including probability of connectivity, communication load, and energy efficiency.

This paper introduces the concept of hierarchical MPLS network. According to the existing network structure model, the paper gives concept of hierarchical MPLS network based on uni-interface. The paper simulates the routing and data switching of such network based on an instance and discusses three label switching technologies. The paper firstly discusses the uni-label technology based on hierarchical routing. Label stack technology is a tunnel technology to solve MPLS-acrossed problem, and the paper only proposes double layer label. The last way to solve hierarchical MPLS network is double label which is not stacked. Such technology is originated from the former two technologies. After discussing the three technologies, the paper gives comparison and analysis which cover the conclusion.

Spatial data production and update is a systematic project which is costly and involves significant resources. But traditional spatial data production architecture is difficult to share resources and collaborate among organizations. So in this paper, a distributed spatial data collaborative production architecture in grid environment is proposed, which make advantage of grid technology to organically integrate existing spatial data production resources into a whole, and achieve the object of distributed spatial data collaborative production. This paper analyzed the collaborative architecture and the virtual organizations firstly, and then studied every core components of the architecture. Ultimately, for validating the architecture presented in this paper, we provide a collaborative production prototype system.

The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the mechanism of latent demand activation by business model innovation. The business model innovation from traditional travel agency to tourist-transport center (TTC) includes two kinds of innovation: one is dramatic innovation or disruptive innovation, the other is incremental innovation based on new business model platform. These two kinds of innovation together have dramatically changed the structure of tourism industry by activating and transforming more latent demand into effective demand. By analyzing the case of TTC, the mechanism of latent tourism demand activation is explored. The paper outlines the general mechanism of latent demand activation by business model innovation. The main mechanism of latent demand activation by business model includes "hard power" and "soft power". Two types of power together activate and transform latent demand into effective demand by touching different levels of latent demand.

Mature of China's stock market makes value investing theory's application in China possible. The paper aims to decide evaluation indexes set about stocks' investment value in order to serve value investing theory's application in China. Firstly, the paper analyses several influential factors about stocks' investment value thoroughly. Secondly, taking non-financial listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets as the sample, the paper clusters the above factors by fuzzy clustering. Thirdly, the paper selects the kin factors according to correlation indexes. Finally, the paper provides a scientific and operable evaluation indexes set about stocks' investment value. The indexes set almost embraces all effective information about investment value. The study also suggests that describing stocks' investment value by multidimensional array is applicable.

Security risk evaluation is a multi-objective decision-making problem, which refers to lots of factors, and the indices system of evaluation play a very important role. Based on the former experience of indices system's design, this paper emphasizes on the filtration of indices, the validity and reliability of indices system. In addition, the paper establishes design idea and principle of indices system, and also establishes an indices system of security risk evaluation for electric power optical-fiber communications network. The indices system is optimized, and attribute weights of indices are ensured by analytical hierarchy process. Through using some theory of statistics and mathematical statistics, the validity and reliability of the indices system are validated.

Spiritual quotient is emerging as a new concept of spiritual ability. It is obvious different with material ability. As a kind of brainwork, research needs more personal spiritual ability not material ability than physical work. This paper focuses on Ph. D candidates who play important role in university research work but without drawing much academic attention. In this research, we first construct the character dimensions of spiritual quotient and design the research performance evaluation system of Ph. D candidates. Then we try to explore the impact of spiritual quotient on research performance through case interviews and statistical analysis. In the end of this paper, we draw the conclusion: except spontaneity, other 11 dimensions of spiritual quotient all have positive relationship with research performance which includes task performance and contextual performance.

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is contactless automatic identification technology which is rapidly development lately. In order to intelligent management systems using RFID technology have the ability of location identification, design scheme of RFID reader using multi-antenna of difference spatial location is presented in this paper. It is a separated setting of reader and multi detecting antennas. The receiving information from tags contains antenna code and data in tag's IC. Hence the reader can indicate the tags position through different antenna code. The managing system of intelligent medicine-chest based RFID technology with reader presented in this paper not only can provide location identification, but also can reduce system cost. It will have wide application in future.

With increasing international competition, it is important for China enterprise to invest more in new product development (NPD) projects and to develop their own innovative capabilities or more value-added edges which cannot be substituted easily by their competitors. The continuous development and market introduction of new products can be an important determinant of sustained enterprise performance. For approximately 30 years, conceptual and empirical research has been undertaken to identify the critical success factors (CSFs) of NPD project. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the relationship of innovative culture and entrepreneurial climate to NPD Projects Success, namely CSFs for NPD projects based on innovative culture and entrepreneurial climate. This paper reviews the findings of empirical work into the CSFs of NPD projects, and sums up 12 CSFs of NPD projects based on innovative culture and entrepreneurial climate. Through the questionnaire surveyed gathering data from the 45 China enterprises, used the SPSS software to carry on factors analysis, three parent factors had been found. At last this paper built a conceptual model of NPD projects CSFs based on innovative culture and entrepreneurial climate. The model establishment provides more systematic theory framework and measure table for NPD project CSFs' research, while it supplies some reference for improving NPD project success rate from the view of the enterprise managers in China.

Many mobile ad hoc network protocols use simple flooding, in order to adapt to changes in time varying network topology. Most of the times, a network-wide flood results in redundant packets and increases network congestion, probability of packet collision, low utilization of available bandwidth, and most important, higher power consumption. In this paper, we propose a new cross-layer broadcast scheme to minimize broadcast traffic in mobile ad hoc networks. Our scheme is based on use of received signal strength indicator, RSSI, value to reduce the number of broadcast packets. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified using simulations., This paper has been withdrawn as it's available as part of IEEE WICOM 2007 proceedings from IEEExplore

This paper analyzes the IP flow inter-arrival time distribution and the inter-arrival time autocorrelations of the traces collected in different large-scale networks. It is found that the IP flow inter-arrival time distribution follows the Weibull distribution which has the parameter alpha close to 1.0 as the scale of network becomes larger, so the Weibull distribution degrades to the exponential distribution. It is also discovered that the autocorrelation decreases as the IP flows' length increases. According to the studies above, this paper deduces the conclusion as following: The IP flow inter-arrival time distribution fits to the Weibull distribution generally, when the IP flow length exceed a certain threshold, the IP flow inter-arrival time fits to the Poisson distribution.

This paper analyzed the technological learning in the cluster from the aspects of player, environment and characters of targeted technologies. This paper argued that the firms in Chinese clusters should learn technologies outside the cluster and leader firms can be the "gate keepers", which is different from the typical technological learning mode in developed countries clusters, because of the poor technological capability, incomplete market economy system and pluralized targeted technologies' sources. The empirical study based on Dongguan and Taizhou clusters supported the authors' arguments well.

Existing terrestrial mobility management protocols manage the location of mobile nodes on the basis of the network topology. Applying such mechanisms in IP/LEO satellite networks will cause large number of binding update and ultimately affects the scalability of mobility management. And existing geographical mobility management protocols position the mobile node by satellite forwarding and paging schemes, which increase the cost of mobility management rapidly. This paper argues a low cost mobility management scheme for LEO satellite networks. It exploits geographical location and ground station information to decrease mobility management, reduce the number of update requests and paging cost. A detailed description of the actual implementation of the scheme is given. Through a mathematical analysis, the paper evaluates the required management cost and accordingly verifies the scalability of the proposed scheme.

Continuous change is not a new phenomenon for supply chain management (SCM). However the rate, scale and unpredictability of change in today's business environment are seriously challenging supply chains. This paper proposes the need for a greater understanding of relationship between supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain collaboration (SCC) and the importance to study SCI models with collaboration theory. Thus the paper is organized as follows: First, we make a presentation of the necessity to research on supply chains by combining the integration with collaboration, and propose that SCC is the development trend of SCM; then a model for dynamic supply chain integration network based on collaboration theory is developed and will be discussed in different hierarchies; and the end, the model will be analyzed with non-linear Polya processes. The result will be used in the next stage of research.

The study of prediction methods based on historical data has been of theoretical and practical interest in many disciplines. Many models, including VAR, ARIMA, NN and SVR, all have limitations at certain extent. Extension theory, which studies the method of solving the incompatible questions in a qualitative and quantitative way, is a new subject founded by a Chinese scholar in 1983. Extension prediction has been applied to forecasting of many economy variables. The paper puts forward a kind of new extension clustering prediction method based on the thoughts of overlapping clustering, which allows the adjacent intervals to be mutually overlapping. Another innovation lies in the processing of clustering results. The paper uses weighted set-valued statistics to process the clustering results and puts forward a kind of new weight-ascertained method. It fully utilizes the information contained in the data, and the prediction result is more accurate.

This paper illustrates the use of real options valuation and game theory principles to analyze strategic behavior of the real estate firms under asymmetric competition interaction. Symmetrical option game model assumes the leader and the follower share market equally. So the demands and profits flow are equal for competitors. In fact, due to the competitive advantages and negative externality, the interaction between competitors is unequal. That is to say, the competitors won't share markets equally under asymmetric competition interaction. It brings the leaders positive or negative effects. In order to analyze the asymmetrical competition interaction, this paper introduces a demand coefficient to change the demands when the real estate firm preempting. It makes the demands and profits flow unequal. Then we discuss its effect on the threshold and option value of leaders and followers. From the numerical analysis, we can see, to real estate firms, the more competitive advantages the firm has, the earlier it will invest. It also brings more negative externalities and lowers the follower's investment threshold.

Service economy is nowadays a frenzied topic amongst industrial, academic as well as political fields. This paper recapitulates the significance of service economy and summarizes the economic property of China's service sectors via an empirical methodology. Moreover, after statistical analyzing, the paper points out two interesting facts not carefully studied to date around China's service economy, namely they are per capita service productivity advantage over United States and FDI dilemma in the process of transforming China's economy from a manufacturing focused type towards a service dominated mode. Though detailed explanation towards these two outcomes is not studied herein, the work of the paper will be beneficial for future work in this respect.