Search

Referencias bibliográficas: • Abbas F. Analysis of a historical (1981-2010) temperature record of the Punjab province of Pakistan. Earth Interact. 2013, 17:1-21. (Paper No. 15). • Afzal M., Haroon M.A., Rana A.S., Imran A. Influence of North Atlantic Oscillations and Southern Oscillations on winter precipitation of Northern Pakistan. Pak. J. Meteorol. 2013, 9(18):1-8. • Ahmad W., Fatima A., Awan U.K., Anwar A. Analysis of long term meteorological trends in the middle and lower Indus basin of Pakistan-a non-parametric statistical approach. Glob. Planet. Change 2014, 122:282-291. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.09.007. • Almazroui M., Dambul R., Islam M.N., Jones P.D. Atmospheric circulation patterns in the Arab region and its relationships with Saudi Arabian surface climate: a preliminary assessment. Atmos. Res. 2015, 161-162:36-51. 10.1016/j.atmosres.2015.03.014. • Bapuji Rao B., Santhibhushan Chowdary P., Sandeep V.M., Rao V.U.M., Venkateswarlu B. Rising minimum temperature trends over India in recent decades""": implications for agricultural production. Glob. Planet. Change 2014, 117:1-8. 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2014.03.001. • Bartholomew H., Jin M. ENSO effects on land skin temperature variations: a global study from satellite remote sensing and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis. Climate 2013, 1:53-73. 10.3390/cli1020053. • Bhutiyani M.R., Kale V., Pawar N.J. Long-term trends in maximum, minimum and mean annual air temperatures across the Northwestern Himalaya during the twentieth century. Clim. Chang. 2007, 85(1-2):159-177. 10.1007/s10584-006-9196-1. • Bocchiola D., Diolaiuti G. Recent (1980-2009) evidence of climate change in the upper Karakoram, Pakistan. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2013, 113(3-4):611-641. 10.1007/s00704-012-0803-y. • Braganza K., Karoly D.J., Arblaster J.M. Diurnal temperature range as an index of global climate change during the twentieth century. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2004, 31:L13217. 10.1029/2004GL019998. • Brunetti M., Kutiel H. The relevance of the North-Sea Caspian P, Data from 37 weather stations with records of maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin hereafter) were used to analyse trends in both variables at a monthly, seasonal and annual resolution. Sen's slope and Mann–Kendall statistical tests were applied to calculate the sign and slopes of trends and their statistical significance. A correlation analysis was also performed to study possible relationships between temperatures and certain teleconnection patterns with an influence on Northern Hemisphere temperatures: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and North Sea Caspian Pattern (NCP). The study reveals that Tmax has significantly increased (in over 30% of sites) in the pre-monsoon season and yearly. The sharpest increases were observed in March. Tmin clearly showed positive trends in the pre-monsoon season and at the annual scale. It is also worth noting a cooling trend in the northern areas during the study period. Tmax increased faster than Tmin in the northern areas in all the seasons studied and at annual resolution, while the opposite occurred in the rest of the country (except in the pre-monsoon season). The highest correlation coefficients between patterns and Tmax and Tmin were seen in the months of the pre-monsoon season: with NAO from January to March; with ENSO in May and with NCP in the late pre-monsoon season (May). AO was the pattern with the lowest relationships with temperatures. These results could have a significant influence on agriculture and water resources in Pakistan if these trends are maintained in the future., Depto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y Matemáticas, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub