Search

It has been reported that an association between gut microbiota and obesity, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota have been reported with aging. The aim of this study is clarify the relationship between obesity and gut microbiota as a function of age. Furthermore, the impact of lifestyle factors（ alcoholic drink and smoking） on gut microbiota were discussed. Fecal samples from 1082 healthy Japanese adults aged 19–90 years who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2014 were analyzed by using 16S rDNA gene-targeted sequencing. The participants were stratified into six age groups: ≤39, 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, 70–79 and ≥80. The participants with a body mass index （BMI） of

社会生活活動は習慣化した行動であり，身体および認知機能を使う活動であるため認知機能に影響を及ぼしている可能性がある．そこで本研究は社会生活活動である対人交流と生活時間に着目し，認知機能との関連を検討した．2015年「岩木健康増進プロジェクト」に参加した563名を対象に，認知機能をMMSE で測定し，重回帰分析とグラフィカルモデリングで因子間の関連と影響構造の分析を行った．男性の50歳～64歳でMMSE と「スポーツ」「テレビ・ラジオ・新聞・雑誌」「休養・くつろぎ」が正の相関，65歳以上では関連がなかった．女性の50歳～64歳で「育児」が正の相関，「食事」「睡眠」が負の相関，65歳以上では「月に1 回以上会う家族・親戚」が正の相関を示した．男性では中年期からスポーツや余暇活動を積極的に行い，認知予備力を高めていく事が重要であり，女性は対人交流の機会を増やし，それらを介して心理的安寧や身体的活動性を高めていく事が重要と考えられた． The social life activity is a habitual behavior, which involves physical and cognitive functions. Therefore, there is a possibility that the social life activity has an effect on cognitive functions. In this study, we focused on personal interaction and daily schedule as the social life activities, so as to examine the relationship between social life activity and cognitive function. The Subjects of this investigation were 563 adults who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project 2015. Their cognitive functions were measured by MMSE, moreover relationships and influence structure of factors were analyzed by using the multiple regression analysis and graphical modeling. As a result, MMSE in males between 50 to 64 years of age was positively correlated with "sports", "TV · radio · newspaper · magazine" and "rest and relaxation" . However, no correlations were found in 65 years and older. MMSE in females between 50 to 64 years of age showed a positive correlation with "child rearing", however, negative correlations with "meals" and "sleep". For older females（ age of 65 years and over）, MMSE was positively correlated with "seeing family members more than once a month". Therefore, it is important for males to positively engage in sports and leisure activities from the middle age in order to raise the cognitive reserve power, and for females to have more opportunities for personal interactions in order to improve the psychological well-being and to increase physical activity.

本研究は，地域在住の60歳以上の者を対象として，認知機能とメタボリックシンドロームおよびロコモティブシンドロームとの関連を検討することを目的とした．研究参加者は，青森県弘前市岩木地区在住の男性101名，女性167名であった．研究参加者に対して，認知機能検査，メタボリックシンドローム評価指標（腹囲，血圧，血中脂質，血清血糖）およびロコモティブシンドローム評価指標（ロコモ25， 2 ステップテスト，立ち上がりテスト）の測定をおこなった．分析結果から，男性のロコモティブシンドローム該当者は有意に認知機能が低く，該当項目数が増えるにしたがってその傾向は顕著であった．一方，メタボリックシンドローム評価指標においては，男女ともに認知機能との関連は見られなかった．以上より，ロコモティブシンドローム評価指標は，男性において認知機能低下の予測因子としての有用性が示唆された． The purpose of this study was to examine how cognitive function is related to metabolic syndrome and locomotive syndrome in a Japanese general population over the age of 60. The subjects were 101 males and 167 females living in the Iwaki area, Hirosaki city in Aomori Prefecture. The survey parameters were as follows: cognitive function test（ Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE）, metabolic syndrome index（ abdominal girth, blood pressure, serum lipid and serum glucose level） and the locomotive syndrome index（ the 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale, two-step test and stand-up test）. As a result, males with locomotive syndrome had significantly lower cognitive function, and the tendency was remarkable as the number of relevant items increased. On the other hand, in the metabolic syndrome index, associations with neither gender nor cognitive function were observed. From the above, it was found that the locomotive syndrome evaluation index was considered useful as a tool for screening cognitive decline in males.

There are certain sex differences in the prevalence and severity of immunity-related diseases. Previous studies have shown the influence of sex steroid hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, on the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of sex steroid hormones with neutrophil function among normal healthy subjects in the general population. Subjects included 540 residents（ 358 males and 182 females）, who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2014. We examined the association of estradiol and testosterone with neutrophil ROS production and phagocytic activity. As a result, estradiol and testosterone negatively correlated with basal ROS production in males and luteal phase females （>15th day of menstrual cycle）, although such trend was not observed in follicular phase females（, 弘前医学. 67, 2016, p.13-27

In recent years, Lactobacillales in gut microbiota have been suggested to be in association with obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate a relationship among obesity, serum cholesterol and gut microbiota in Japanese community inhabitants. Subjects included 613 inhabitants （249 males and 364 females）, who participated in the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in 2007. The gut mircofl ora extracted from faeces were investigated using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） method and allocated to 28 operational taxonomic units （OTUs）. Proportions of OUT332 （Lactobacillales） in gut microbiota were compared among strata of percentages of body fat and serum cholesterol after the subjects were stratifi ed by them. These comparisons were performed in the subjects who were 65 years old and, 弘前医学. 65, 2014, p.12-20

An intensive training performed by athletes causes accumulation of physical fatigues, which leads to immunity depression and overtraining syndrome. Especially in endurance sports, physical fatigue tends to accumulate as it takes time to recover from physical conditions after the race or intensive training. In this study, we have investigated the conditions of marathon runners after one week of Ekiden （relay road race） according to the levels of muscle enzymes and serum opsonic activity （SOA）. Subjects were 28 top male runners in Japanese University Ekiden. Out of all 28 subjects, 11 of them who had a race before a week of investigation were considered as the race group, and the rest were considered as the control group. Although no significant difference were found in running distance and duration of training among the two groups, muscular enzyme levels were significantly high （p, 弘前医学. 64(2-4), 2014, p.136-143

The relationship between neutrophil function and the muscles damage before and after exercise in judoists was examined. The changes in the body composition, biochemical parameters （neutrophil counts and myogenic enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） etc. and the major neutrophil immune functions such as oxidative burst activity （OBA） and phagocytic activity （PA） were measured in 39 male university judoists before（pre value） and after 2 hours of unified exercise loading. Increases in myogenic enzymes were confirmed after the exercise, which suggested that the muscular tissue damage and degeneration was caused by the exercise itself. Neutrophil count and OBA increased and PA decreased after exercise. The amount of change （post value – pre value） of OBA showed a negative correlation with LDH and AST （P, 弘前医学. 64(2-4), 2014, p.176-185

弘前医学. 64(2-4), 2014, p.176-185