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Objective:To investigate the effects of Tougu Xiaotong capsule (TXC) on chondrocytes ultrastructure and cartilage matrix in rats with early stage osteoarthritis.Methods:Twenty four male rats were randomized into non-osteoarthritis group, osteoarthritis model group and TXC treated osteoarthritis model group, with eight rats in each group. The rat model of osteoarthritis was established by papain injection into knee joint cavity, and the rats received TXC aqueous solution intragastric for four weeks, then rats were sacrificed to extract the femoral condyle cartilage for sample preparation. The chondrocytes microstructure and ultrastructure in different regions were observed by electromicroscopy. The contents of proteoglycan and collagen II in cartilage matrix were analyzed by histochemical approaches.Results:Chondrocytes ultrastructure showed that the chondrocyte proliferation and clustering, and substantial reduction or swelling organelles were observed in osteoarthritis model group but not in non-osteoarthritis group. The clustering of chondrocytes was reduced, and the organelles of golgi complexes, rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were increased in TXC treated osteoarthritis model group compared to osteoarthritis model group. Cartilage matrix quantitative analysis showed that the contents of proteoglycan and collagen II in osteoarthritis model group were significantly decreased compared to non-osteoarthritis group (PP

Objective:To investigate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at Baihui (DU20) acupoint on learning and memory ability and1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.Methods:A male APP/PS1 transgenic mice mated with a wild type female mice and 15 bred APP/PS1 transgenic mice identified by PCR were randomly divided into the model group (n=7) and the EA group (n=8) according to a random number table, and 8 age-matched littermates were divided into the control group. The EA group received EA at Baihui acupoint for 4 weeks. Morris water maze was used to test spatial learning and memory ability in the fourth week. NAA, Glu of the hippocampus were detected by1H-MRS.Results:Compared with the model group, the level of NAA and Glu were significantly increased (PP

Objective:To observe the effect of Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) on the expression of Aβ and GFAP protein in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic model mouse, and to explore its mechanism.Methods:APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were used to establish the Alzheimer's disease (AD) model, and the same month old littermates negative mice were chose as the control group. Transgenic mice were divided into the model group and the Xiao Xu Ming group by a random number table, the control group and the model group didn't receive medicine treatment. Xiao Xu Ming group received XXMD at a dose of 13 g/kg for 90 days. Morris water maze experiment was used to observe the learning and memory ability of mice, and immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression of Aβ and GFAP proteins in the hippocampus of three groups.Results:Compared with the model group, the time of arrival in the target area and search distance in the Xiao Xu Ming group were significantly shortened (PPPP

Objective:To observe the nerve cell metabolism of hippocampus in focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (FCIR) rats, and explore the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) improving the learning and memory ability of FCIR rats.Methods:Sprague-dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operated group, model group and EA group. Cerebral ischemia model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established in rats by using Koizumi suture method. The rats in the EA group were administered EA at Baihui (DU20) and Shenting (DU24) for seven days, one time daily and 30 minutes each time. The learning and memory ability of rats was evaluated by Morris water maze, the cerebral infarct volume was assessed by the small animal MRI T2-weighted image, the nerve cell metabolism of hippocampus was observed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Morris water maze was used to evaluate learning and memory ability, T2-weighted imaging was used to assess the cerebral infarct volume, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to observe the nerve cell metabolism of hippocampus.Results:After seven days of EA treatment, the numbers of crossing platform of FCIR rats were significantly increased in Morris water maze (PPP>0.05).Conclusion:EA at DU20 and DU24 acupoints can improve the ability of learning and memory after FCIR by enhancing NAA and Cho metabolism of hippocampus and protecting neurons in rats.

Objective:To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)at Baihui and Shenting on the learning and memory ability in focal cerebral ischemia(MCAO)rats, and then explore the underlying mechanism.Methods:Forty-five male SPF(Specific Pathogen Free)rats were randomly divided into the sham operation control group(SC group), the ischemia model group(IC group)and the electroacupuncture group(EA group). A modified occlusion method was used to establish the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury model in the IC group and the EA group. The rats were administered electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting for 7 days in the EA group. The learning and memory ability of the rats was evaluated by Morris water maze, the cerebral infarction volume was detected by the small animal MRI and TTC staining, the brain ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopic (TEM).Results:The time finding the plat and the error rate significantly reduced in the EA group in comparison with that in the IC group, while the cerebral infarction volume significantly decreased and the brain ultrastructure(mitochondria, nuclear membrane, etc.)of the rats was improved significantly, which showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the groups(PBaihui and Shenting could improve the ability of learning and memory after MCAO by reducing the cerebral infarction volume and protecting the brain ultrastructure in rats.