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By beginning of the year 2020, COVID-19 has spread all over the world. The virus has caused numerous social, medical, and political challenges. One of the major challenges faced by countries to control the outbreak of the virus was the stability of economic and social activities and the simultaneous fulfilling of work during quarantine. Under such circumstances, telework is employed as one of the important policies control the virus. Moreover, many employees have tendency for remote working or teleworking. In such a situation, the importance of applying the Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) approach to fulfill job duties seems obvious. To enjoy the benefits of BYOD, organizations need the right policy for applying BYOD. This perspective endeavors to shed light on how to apply BYOD policy. From the researchers’ point of view, the important facets that could be addressed when applying BYOD can be described like this: policy is appropriate decision-making and implementation, technical infrastructure, continuous communication, staff training, security and privacy protocols, and agreement between staff and organization as well as the use of cloud computing.

Introduction: Hospital websites have a high potential for providing information and services to customers. The assessment and comparison of hospital websites determine the extent of their utilization and contributes to the formation of constructive competition between hospitals. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparative assessment of the websites of public and private hospitals. Methods: This applied research is an analytical-descriptive study and was conducted in 2017. The study population included 13 public hospital websites and 3 private hospital websites in Isfahan, Iran. The data were gathered through a checklist based on 11 main and 69 sub-criteria and analyzed by inferential statistics. Results: There was a significant difference between the average of scores obtained from public and private hospitals’ websites in terms of the 4 main criteria including contact information and access methods, admission service and reservation, features, design and updating of pages and public relations. However, there was no significant difference between the average of scores obtained in terms of 7 other criteria and the overall score. Conclusion: The assessed websites did not fully utilize web capabilities and did not have a favorable status. Therefore, according to the results of this research, the authorities in this area must provide the information and services to the customers in a desirable way so that they can compete with other hospitals in order to attract more customers and improve customer satisfaction.

Introduction: Over the past several years, outsourcing services has received attention from managers in health sector in order to improve the quality of services and reduce costs; managers of the health information systems have also used outsourcing in information management departments. In this study, the frequency of observing legal dimensions in outsourcing for health information management departments of educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, was investigated. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, the frequency of observing legal elements in the outsourcing contracts for health information management services in five educational hospitals of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in four areas including provisions of contract, assignment contracts, confidentiality of patient information, and the status of the essentials and tools was investigated by using a check list. These areas were examined by coordinating with university's legal affairs based in order to study the contracts related to health information management department. The data were analyzed using central indexes at the frequency. Results: The highest frequency of legal elements observance in outsourcing contracts of various hospitals was related to the confidentiality of patient information with a frequency of 47.1% and the least frequency related to the elements of tools and necessities, which showed that, unfortunately, none of the dimensions of this element were observed. In addition, among five hospitals surveyed, the hospital with the most frequent observation of legal dimensions (B) only had a score of 35.5%, indicating that hospitals and contractors were not paying attention to the legal dimensions of outsourcing. Conclusion: The findings showed that the overall observance of legal elements in outsourcing contracts for health information management services in hospitals is significantly lower than the ideal. The results can be used by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences to protect the confidentiality and privacy of patients by observing legal dimensions during outsourcing health information services.

Introduction: Problem-oriented medical record (POMR) is a method of documentation and medical record organization. Problem list is the main component of POMR and the core of the electronic health record (EHR) definition. The aim of the present study was to explain the requirements and challenges in establishing an electronic problem list in hospitals. Methods: This descriptive-applied study was conducted in 2016 in Alzahra Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. One of the requirements of patient problem lists was content development that, after designing the software, was implemented at neurosurgery and neurology wards. Results: Establishing an electronic problem list showed that content development was its most challenging requirement. These challenge included terminology, patient problems documentation, and interdisciplinary documentation management. Conclusion: Implementation of the problem list as a key component of POMR, especially in inpatient settings with various treatment groups, has challenging requirements. Thus, it requires knowledge and administrative, financial, and technical support.

Introduction: Achieving the potential benefits of electronic health record (EHR) requires data interoperability. Interoperability of a summary record is more practical than a detailed record. Interoperability requirements include identification and development uniform and standard EHR structure. This study aimed to provide an architecture model for the summary record. Methods: This was an applied and descriptive study. In this study, EHR standards and structural models were studied. After studying the standards, a structural model was designed in accordance with the summary record and health information management. Delphi technique was also used to consult informatics experts. Results: Content analysis and descriptive statistics were respectively used for preparation of the model and its validating. A proposed model was prepared based on integration of the Continuity of Care Document (CCD), Medical Markup Language (MML) and ISO 13606 [Electronic health record extract (EHR extract)] structural models and was accepted by experts. Conclusion: It seems that merging the structural models of MML, CCD and standards of EHR extract can lead to designing a structural model for summary HER brief since these models have the potential of interoperability and mapping with each other. The designed model can also be a suitable framework for organizing and sharing the records across wide geographic area.

مقدمه: دورنمای پرونده‌س الکترونیک سلامت (Electronic Health Record) در جوامع مختلف ثابت نبوده و در عین به همراه داشتن مزایا و فرصت ها، با چالش روبرو است. در این پژوهش سعی شده چالش ها معرفی و اجرای EHR از دیدگاه متولیان آن در استان اصفهان بررسی شود. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر مطالعه‌ای کیفی است که در سال 1389 خورشیدی در استان اصفهان انجام شد. با استفاده از روش پدیدارشناسی (فنومنولوژی) و از طریق مصاحبه‌ی عمیق نیمه ساختاریافته به استنتاج تجارب صاحب‌نظران حوزه‌ی سلامت در رابطه با چالش های اجرای پرونده‌ی الکترونیک سلامت و راهکارهای حل چالش ها پرداخته شد. مصاحبه شوندگان بر اساس نمونه‌گیری به روش گلوله برفی (Snow Ball) مشتمل بر 3 پزشک، 4 نفر از مدیران بخش های مختلف سلامت و 8 نفر از سایر متخصصانی بودند که در سطح بیمارستان‌ها و سایر مراجع مرتبط در این زمینه مانند معاونت درمان، سازمان‌های بیمه، ستاد دانشگاه و استانداری در رابطه با محتوا و ساختار پرونده‌ی الکترونیک سلامت مطلع و در این زمینه دارای فعالیت‌های پژوهشی بوده و یا در برنامه‌ریزی و معرفی پرونده‌ی الکترونیک سلامت در استان اصفهان فعالیت داشتند. یافته‌ها: پژوهشگر چالش‌های پرونده‌ی ‌الکترونیک سلامت در استان اصفهان و راهکارهای مربوط به حل آن‌ها را در دو بعد زیرساختاری و ساختاری استخراج و تبیین کرد. نتیجه‌گیری: متأسفانه نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد با وجود آن‌که پزشکان از مهم‌ترین کاربران پرونده‌ی الکترونیک سلامت‌اند، اما کم‌ترین نظرات را در رابطه با چالش‌ها ارایه داده‌اند و این کاستی قابل تأمل است چرا که اگر دال بر کم‌رنگ بودن نقش آن‌ها در معرفی و اجرای پرونده‌ی الکترونیک سلامت باشد این امر نتایج زیان‌باری به دنبال خواهد داشت.

Introduction: The role of the computer in information management has gradually increased the motivation for investment in computer systems for medical records. Admission, coding, statistics, and filling units' software have important roles in health information management. However, their adaption and implementation needs the support of users. The goal of the present research is to determine users' point of view on software used in the medical record department of Isfahan's educational hospitals. Methods: This is a descriptive study was carried out on all users (n = 92) in educational hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire which was validated by experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by test retest. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 16. Results: The satisfaction of users had a maximum of 76.5% related to coding unit and a minimum of 45.3% related to filing unit. The highest satisfaction in the admission unit was related to ease in use (100%), in the coding unit was related to deletion of indices (98%), in the statistics unit to confidentiality (100%), and in the filing unit to ease in use (89.5%). Conclusion: The average of users' satisfaction of the software programs in the medical record department was 61.8%. This indicates deficiencies in the design of the studied software. These insufficiencies cause alteration in the function of computer systems in data management. Therefore, need assessment of users and health information management professionals (HIMP) before designing and implementation of software is necessary. Keywords: Software; Information Systems; Medical Records Department; User

• Health databases contain a wide scope of clinical data to explore relationships and patterns that can lead to new medical knowledge.Today, the emergence of integrated information systems and growth of information technologies have better highlighted the importance of such databases. Data mining is among the technological advances toward data management whose integration with traditional methods has become a necessity due to the widespread use of information systems and databases. This article reviews concepts related to data mining and its application in the field of health. • Keywords: Data Mining; Health; Knowledge.

Introduction: Hospital Information Systems (HISs) have positive effects on patients' treatment process and organizational function. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the quality of services provided by such systems. The aim of this study was to assess and compare HISs in Isfahan hospitals based on the DeLone and McLean Model adjusted. Methods: This was an applied, analytical-descriptive study performed in public and private hospitals of Isfahan in 2010. Research population consisted of system users and designers and authorities of hospital information technology, directors and managers of official and clinical departments equipped by such systems. While users were selected by random sampling (n = 300), census method was used for the other two groups (n = 212). Data was collected using a questionnaire designed by the researcher based on three criteria (system quality, information quality and user satisfaction). It was adjusted to DeLone and McLean model. Content validity of the questionnaire was verified by faculty members as well as computer science specialists. The reliability of the questionnaire was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and data was analyzed by SPPS. Results: According to our findings, mean scores of system quality, information quality and satisfaction were significantly different between various kinds of HISs, as well as between different hospitals (P < 0.05). Total mean scores of system quality, information quality and satisfaction for all HISs were 58.6, 60.8 and 61.2, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the criteria of HISs have been implemented in a rather optimum condition. Thus in order to reach desirable conditions, it is necessary to pay particular attention to factors improving system quality, information quality, type of specialty in a hospital, and users' expectations and specialty when designing HISs. Keywords: Technology Assessment; Hospitals; Software; Hospital Information System; DeLone and McLean Model.

Introduction: Disaster occurs almost daily in the world and increases the issue of it because of high volume of population, industrialization and acts of terrorism, my country is one of the most unexpected event areas of the world. Health care systems encounter special challenges in disaster management, that they include triage and treatment a large number victims and also victims' information management. To ensure correct way of documentation of victims as introduction information management and effective triage and treatment, useful medical record are necessary, because medical record usually used for patients are too complicated and ineffective to use in case of emergency. So the objective of this research is design the disaster-victim medical record to document and triage easily for victims in disaster. Methods: This research is an applied study and has been performed as descriptive study. Source of information is libraries and accepted articles in indexed journals. During survey of corresponding organizations about disaster in Isfahan and absence a medical record for documentation of victims, researchers identified the organizations of disaster in the world and then gathered necessary data elements for medical record in disaster. Then necessary parameters for the medical record extracted from American and European models. Results: According to situation and standards of Iran, a proper and final pattern designed with assisting management and medical emergencies center in Isfahan province. Conclusion: Medical record in disaster relief operations must be simple and useful; medical record used in hospitals isn't effective. The proposed model is simple and proper form for documentation of victims and easy reference for accessing clinical, administrative and statistics information in disaster. Keywords: Disasters; Triage; Medical Record; Safety Management; Information Management.

Introduction: Measurement of diabetes management effectiveness includes the process of care and its quality, health outcome and response to care before everything; it needs a conceptual framework about this universal disease. Minimum Data Set (MDS) of diabetes make this framework by using standard data element with unique definition and effectiveness indicators preparation of diabetes management. Therefore, this research was accomplished to study the MDS of diabetes as diabetes management effectiveness indicators in America, Australia, Scotland, and Finland and also, presentation of model for Iran. Methods: This research was an applied descriptive study. At first, we used a questionnaire and checklist to study MDS of diabetes in Tehran; then in selected countries, MDS of diabetes was assessed by published and electronic literatures and at the end, the proposed model was designed in accordance to country's needs taking discerning people attitude upon it by Delphi technique. A data analysis in study stage of MDS of diabetes in the selective countries was done by comparative tables and determination of similarities and differences of the MDS. In the stage of gaining credit for model, it accomplished with descriptive statistics to the extent of absolute and relative frequency. Results: MDS of diabetes for Iran presented in 12 forms and diabetes management effectiveness indicators on base of studying in America, Australia, Scotland, and Finland countries and needs of our country and after doing Delphi technique with 98 percent agreement confirmed. Conclusion: MDS provides continuous care of patients, communication among providers and analysis of patient and patient society care effectiveness. So, it causes decrease of threatening diabetic complications. Collection of MDS of diabetes increases the quality of care assessment and effectiveness indicators for management of care process, quality of services, and health outcome. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus; Managerial Effectiveness; Data; Drawing; Indicators.

Introduction: There are many demands for accuracy coded data with purpose of the systemic recording, analysis, interperation and comparison of morbidity and mortality data collected in different countries. Therefore the importance of accurate coding cannot be ignore. Meaningful and comparative statistics needs accurate and comprehensive coding and it requires knowledge of rules and guidelines for ICD. So coders must be knowledge about guidelines for producing quality data. Goal of the research was determining coder's knowledge of coding Isfahan hospitals. Methods: It is a descriptive study carried out on all coders (N = 32) in hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University o Medical Sciences. The data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire which was validated by experts and its reliability was confirmed by test retest. Results analyzed by SPSS. Results: The mean of accurate response of coders was approximately 45%. Maximum of the coders awareness of the questions was about selection of main diagnosis and related procedures (69%) and procedures guidelines (51%). Also minimum of the coders awareness was about selection main diagnosis among other diagnoses (32%) and general coding guidelines(35%). Conclusion: The coders awareness about axes except the first goal was lesser than 50%. It resulting in not missing of information but inaccurate classification and unreliable reporting. Outcome of its is inefficiency of coding units and alteration their mission specially research in educational hospitals. Keywords: Awareness; Diagnosis; Hospitals; Classification.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most frequent causes of morbidities , mortalities and increasing cost of health care services all over the world. Diabete’s clinical information system which is part of diabete’s information management system make it possible to manage this illness. This study aimed at comparing the diabetes clinical information systems in the U.S. , Scotland and Finland and present a model for Iran. Methods: It is a descriptive study in which the current status of diabetes clinical information system in public, pediatrics and specialized hospitals (N=27) were examined by using questionnaires and checklists. Then, diabetes clinical information system in the selected countries were investigated and based on our country’s needs , a model was presented by using Delphi technique and it was validated by some experts (n=35). Results: Based on the findings of this study, the researchers presented a model which focused on seven areas including objectives, equipment, executive authorities, data collection methods, data processing and their distribution, and patients’ follow-up and summoning. The model was confirmed (98%) after Delphi technique was carried out. Conclusion: It was suggested that diabetes clinical information system be designed and implemented in public and pediatrics hospitals for diabetes management in order to achieve two main objectives in health systems : controlling the quality of healthcare services and controlling their expenses. Key words: Diabetes Mellitus; Management Information Systems; Hospital Information Systems.