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The relevance. The waste of Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill causes a real danger of a social and environmental disaster for Lake Baikal and the entire Southern Baikal region, therefore, the problem of developing integrated solutions for dumping the accumulation of lignin-containing waste is especially acute. One of the promising areas for processing this type of waste is the use of natural processes, for example, freezing in winter, temperature detection or self-overgrowth of the occurrence of natural succession. The main aim of the research is to develop an environmentally friendly technology for processing colloidal lignin-containing waste from the pulp and paper industry. Methods: pilot tests at the Solzan industrial site of Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill for freezing lignin-containing wastes and obtaining soils from them by mixing with additives; performing quantitative chemical analysis using the methods of atomic absorption and atomic emission spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography, toxicological analysis. Results. Pilot tests have shown that after freezing, the colloidal structure of lignin-containing sediments is destroyed with a decrease in volume up to 40 %, humidity up to 60 %, and also with a decrease in toxicity – from the third (moderately hazardous) to the fourth (low hazardous) and fifth class (practically non-hazardous) of hazard of the waste depending on its composition. After freezing, the resulting sludge with the introduction of various additives (CHP ash, sewage treatment plant sludge) can be used as soil ground and fertilizers for reclamation of disturbed lands and crops. Thus, an environmentally friendly technology was developed for processing waste from the pulp and paper industry to obtain soil ground, which is low-energy and does not contain expensive imported equipment.

The relevance of the research is caused by the need to assess the level of impact of a large pulp and paper enterprise located north of the Ezhvinsky district of Syktyvkar on the basis of ecochemical analysis of winter precipitation (snow), to show the feasibility of using this approach in environmental studies. The main aim is to show the dynamics of the aerotechnogenic load on the territory near the Syktyvkar timber industry complex based on the data on snow cover chemical composition during the monitoring period. Objects: snowpack samples, selected in the zone of influence of emissions of Mondi Syktyvkar JSC and conditionally background areas. Methods: snow survey using transect, adhering to constant sampling points, application of analytical methods according to the air pollution control manual (GD 52.04.186-89), cartographic methods for estimating the spread of pollution in the snow cover using the interpolation method (inverse weighted distance method), application of map algebra for calculating the areas of impact zones. Results. The authors present the results of ecochemical monitoring of snow cover in the zone of aerotechnogenic impact of emissions Mondi Syktyvkar JSC for a multi-year period. A general description of the distribution of individual components of emissions relative to the emission center is given. Long-term monitoring of snow cover in the impact and sanitary protection zones of the enterprise allowed us to analyze the dynamics of the aerotechnogenic load on the territory. The results of the calculation of the modules of substances entering the territory of the enterprise in 2019 showed the lowest level of contamination of the snow cover for the entire observation period, 66 % compared to the volumes of 2002. A significant decrease in the content of components in the snow was noted, starting in 2016 after the reconstruction of the enterprise. Samples of snowmelt water outside the territory of the sanitary protection zone do not exceed the sanitary and hygienic standards for fisheries reservoirs for all components. In general, based on the results of ecochemical monitoring of snow cover, the trend towards reducing the aerogenic impact of the enterprise on the adjacent territory is shown.

Relevance. Transportation of Russian coal by rail is an important link in coal supply for export. It is essential for the country economy and of high social significance for coal mining regions. Aim. To assess the state of the railway infrastructure for coal transportation, identify limitations and opportunities for improving coal transportation. Objects. Volumes and technologies of coal transportation by foreign and Russian exporters; state of the railway infrastructure of the eastern range of Russia; measures taken by coal mining companies to overcome restrictions on coal transportation; potential volumes of coal transportation for export and risks associated with reduction in coal exports. Methods. Methods of system analysis: classification, structuring and restructuring, analysis, formalization and concretization. Results. The paper considers the current state of coal transportation by rail in Russia with allocation of coal-mining eastern regions of Russia and Western Siberia. The importance of Russian railways in coal transportation is presented. The authors have outlined the problems of the railway infrastructure of the Eastern range of Russian railways due to its insufficient capacity. The changed geopolitical conditions created additional difficulties in transporting coal for export by rail. The paper introduces the state and prospects for modernization of the Eastern range of the Russian Railways. The authors gave an overview of activities of coal mining companies to overcome restrictions on coal transportation by rail. A brief review of the world experience in coal transportation state in the main coal exporting countries is made. The demanded volumes of coal transportation for export by rail was assessed. The paper considers the risks associated with the reduction of coal exports. The authors noted the need to harmonize programs for development of railway infrastructure, the coal industry and other industries that ensure coal extraction, transportation and consumption, reduce import dependence and the need to develop coal transportation technologies.

Relevance. The need to develop energy-saving approaches through the use of data mining tools to improve the efficiency of management decision-making and more optimal use of energy resources. Forecasting the amount of electric energy generated by a solar power plant will allow optimal electricity distribution in decentralized systems. Information about the amount of electricity generated by a solar power plant and transmitted to a grid at every hour will allow planning the use of generated electricity and its distribution more reasonably. Also, the presence of a reliable forecast will allow embedding a predictive model into the micro-grid management subsystem. This will facilitate the integration of centralized electrical networks and distributed generation facilities. Aim. To analyze scientific papers containing proposals to improve the accuracy of determining the amount of electricity generated by solar power plants; to create machine learning models that allow you to create a short-term forecast of electricity generation by a solar power plant. Objects. Solar power plant named after A.A. Vlaznev (Sakmarskaya SPP), Orenburg region, Orsk, Oktyabrsky district, geographical coordinates: 51.266023, 58.474689. Methods. Analytical method, methods of mathematical statistics, methods of machine learning, complex generalization of scientific achievements and practical experience in the use of data processing tools in the tasks of forecasting electricity generation by solar power plants. Results. The authors have carried out the review of literature sources reflecting the results of using modern data mining tools in predicting the magnitude of electricity generation by solar power plants. The paper considers various approaches to forecasting electricity generation at solar power plants. The analysis of factors used in forecasting is carried out. The authors obtained the results of theoretical and applied nature. The results consist in recommendations on using exogenous variables in predicting power generation at SPP, as well as some machine learning algorithms in construction of predictive models. These recommendations were obtained in generalizing the results of the applied research.

Relevance. The need to develop new technical and technological solutions to improve the efficiency of water isolation in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Aim. To identify and propose a promising gel-forming composition for conducting water isolation in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Object. A well with a horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Methods. Laboratory and bench studies of the gel-forming composition for isolating water inflow in wells with different reservoir permeability by modifying it with functional additives and further adapting its application to various mining and geological conditions of the well; technology of injection of compositions with different viscosity in wells with horizontal termination in reservoirs with layered heterogeneity of the formation. Results. The paper considers the theoretical aspects of a hydrophobic layer formation on a watered reservoir surface effected by a hydrophobic composition, when it enters the reservoir. The paper introduces the mechanism of a water-insulating screen formation during injection of a gel-forming composition. The authors have defined the basic requirements for the gel-forming composition. They developed the formulation of the gel-forming composition with a different gelation time from 1 to 8 hours. Due to the composition injection, a water insulation screen is formed that can withstand significant water flow pressure. The water breakthrough pressure varies and depends on the initial permeability: with an increase in gas permeability from 0.1 to 1 mm2 of the breakthrough pressure it decreases by water and ranges from 4.5 to 11.5 MPa/m.

The relevance. Increasing requirements for reliability and safety of gas pipelines. One of the promising methods to ensure compliance with these requirements is to equip gas pipelines with aeroacoustics monitoring systems. These systems make it possible to detect leaks and mechanical impacts on a pipe by registering aeroacoustics oscillations, propagating in the transported gas. At the same time, the issue of improving the accuracy of such systems remains relevant. It can be achieved by better consideration of a gas flow impact on aeroacoustics oscillations, taking into account the effect of convective amplification. This effect was revealed in studies of propagation of aeroacoustics oscillations in air ducts, turbines, as well as in studies of sound propagation from moving aircraft and high-speed trains. But it has not been described in relation to gas pipelines. This article presents experimental data confirming the convective amplification impact on the amplitude of aeroacoustics oscillations in the main gas pipeline, quantitative description of influence of this effect. The paper demonstrates the possibility of improving the accuracy of aeroacoustics monitoring systems, taking into account the convective amplification. The main aim. Confirm the presence of the convective amplification effect while the aeroacoustics oscillations propagating in the main gas pipeline. Object. A linear part of the main gas pipeline. Methods. Use of the aeroacoustics monitoring system for registration of aeroacoustics oscillations in the gas pipeline during the movement of a cleaning gauge and at leaks simulation; comparison of the amplitude of aeroacoustics oscillations, propagating up and down the transported gas. Results. The authors confirmed in field experiments the presence of the convective amplification effect during the cleaning gauge movement and leaks simulating. They carried out a quantitative assessment of the convective amplification influence on the aeroacoustics oscillations amplitude. The paper introduces the example of the convective amplification impact on the accuracy of the source of acoustic oscillations location in a gas pipeline. Conclusions. When propagating upstream of the gas the aeroacoustics oscillations amplitude is higher than when propagating downstream of the gas at the same distance from the source. The value in the amplitude difference is comparable to the value of the convective amplification in quantitative terms. Taking into consideration of the convective amplification effect improves the accuracy of determining the linear coordinate of the acoustic oscillations source in the gas pipeline.

Relevance. Copper-pyrite ores of Russia are the basis of the mineral resource base of the country's metallurgical industry, primarily providing copper and zinc, and metals such as Pb, Au, Ag, etc. Today, about 25 % of the total balance reserves of zinc of the country is in the composition of copper pyrite ores, the role of the main component in which is performed by copper. The result of the flotation enrichment of copper pyrite ores is the production of substandard copper concentrates (Cu content ⁓15–20 %, Zn content ≥5 %). The pyrometallurgical processing of such materials into blister copper is characterized by high costs, as well as irretrievable losses of valuable components. Today, the issues of studying the characteristics of raw materials and deposits, developing technologies for processing copper- and zinc-containing materials, as well as analyzing existing and promising processing options are relevant and, as a result, can have positive effect both in terms of the complexity of using raw materials, improving the quality of the resulting products and the degree of their extraction, and, consequently, from an economic point of view. The aim: analysis of the characteristics of copper zinc-bearing ores, in particular, the ores of the Uchalinsky and Verkhneuralsky copper ore regions enriched at the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, mineralogical assessment of the concentrates of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, followed by the selection of promising options for processing low-grade copper concentrates based on hydrometallurgical processing methods. Methods. The analysis of data on the main types of copper deposits, the characteristics of copper pyrite ores in Russia, as well as more detailed data on ores enriched at the mining and processing plant was carried out on the basis of a review of domestic and foreign literary and information sources. Also, an analysis of the concentrate and middlings of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant was carried out. Due to the information obtained through the combination of the above methods, an assessment was made and information on possible options for improving the processing technologies of the studied raw materials was presented. Results. Thanks to the study and development of more integrated approaches in processing materials with a low content of useful components and complex raw materials, in particular, studied in this work, in the future it will be possible to achieve improved technological performance from both an economic and environmental point of view. In this paper, the raw materials and products used and obtained, respectively, at the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, the Republic of Bashkiria, will be considered in more detail.Relevance. Copper-pyrite ores of Russia are the basis of the mineral resource base of the country's metallurgical industry, primarily providing copper and zinc, and metals such as Pb, Au, Ag, etc. Today, about 25 % of the total balance reserves of zinc of the country is in the composition of copper pyrite ores, the role of the main component in which is performed by copper. The result of the flotation enrichment of copper pyrite ores is the production of substandard copper concentrates (Cu content ⁓15–20 %, Zn content ≥5 %). The pyrometallurgical processing of such materials into blister copper is characterized by high costs, as well as irretrievable losses of valuable components. Today, the issues of studying the characteristics of raw materials and deposits, developing technologies for processing copper- and zinc-containing materials, as well as analyzing existing and promising processing options are relevant and, as a result, can have positive effect both in terms of the complexity of using raw materials, improving the quality of the resulting products and the degree of their extraction, and, consequently, from an economic point of view. The aim: analysis of the characteristics of copper zinc-bearing ores, in particular, the ores of the Uchalinsky and Verkhneuralsky copper ore regions enriched at the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, mineralogical assessment of the concentrates of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, followed by the selection of promising options for processing low-grade copper concentrates based on hydrometallurgical processing methods. Methods. The analysis of data on the main types of copper deposits, the characteristics of copper pyrite ores in Russia, as well as more detailed data on ores enriched at the mining and processing plant was carried out on the basis of a review of domestic and foreign literary and information sources. Also, an analysis of the concentrate and middlings of the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant was carried out. Due to the information obtained through the combination of the above methods, an assessment was made and information on possible options for improving the processing technologies of the studied raw materials was presented. Results. Thanks to the study and development of more integrated approaches in processing materials with a low content of useful components and complex raw materials, in particular, studied in this work, in the future it will be possible to achieve improved technological performance from both an economic and environmental point of view. In this paper, the raw materials and products used and obtained, respectively, at the Uchalinsky mining and processing plant, the Republic of Bashkiria, will be considered in more detail.

Relevance. Mining of potash ore using borer miners is characterized by a high degree of dust emission. The main sources of dust emission are the processes of destruction of the massif, loading of the broken-off rock mass and further overloading of ore. Long-term presence of miners in an area where the maximum permissible concentration for potash dust is exceeded negatively affects their health. In terms of economic losses, ore regrinding also has a negative effect. Particles of a useful component less than 250 micrometers in size do not lend themselves to enrichment and go to the dump. Often, the amount of raw ore at the entrance to the processing plant reaches 18 % of the total supplied mass. In this regard, it is necessary to take measures to reduce dust concentration in the working area of the borer miner operator and to reduce the amount of non-enriched fraction. The purpose of this work is to develop and implement measures to change the executive bodies of roadheaders, which will help reduce dust emissions in the bottomhole working area of potash mines. The object of the study is the executive body of a roadheader with a cutting tool. Results. The paper proposes constructive changes to the executive body of the borer miners. The new flat planetary-disk cutting unit will make it possible to implement a cross cutting scheme with a more stable geometry than the existing cutting sequence for Ural-20R borer miners. The design changes proposed in this paper take into account the previous problems described in the literature.

Relevance. The construction sector is currently one of the largest consumers of raw materials and a major source of environmental pollution, accounting for about 40 % of energy consumption and about 30 % of greenhouse gas emissions. As a result of emissions into the atmosphere of combustion products of coal, oil and gas, irreparable damage is caused to the environment. One of the promising ways to solve this problem is the introduction of «energy efficient building» technology. The key task of designing energy-efficient buildings is the development of a power supply system, which largely determines the level of comfort and technical and economic indicators of the entire facility. The complexity of this task is caused by the fact that installations based on renewable energy sources, characterized by stochastic generation, are mainly used as power sources, and energy-efficient buildings themselves can differ significantly from each other in a number of parameters: purpose, architecture, size and number of storeys, composition of consumers etc. The article proposes an engineering technique for designing such objects and the results of its testing. The aim of study is to develop an engineering methodology for designing power supply systems for autonomous energy-efficient buildings based on renewable energy sources. Methods: methods of statistical processing of time series of data, mathematical and computer modeling using the MatLab/Simulink software environment. Results. The authors have proposed an engineering methodology for designing power supply systems for autonomous objects, focused on the design of «active» buildings with the maximum possible use of renewable energy sources. The paper describes the main design stages, which include calculation and analysis of the energy balance, choice of the main electrical equipment and development of a structural diagram of the electric power system, optimization of the composition and sizes of the main electrical equipment, selection of switching and protective devices, conductor products, development of circuit diagrams. The paper considers the practical example of application of the proposed methodology for designing the power supply system of an autonomous energy-efficient building in the Kursk region.

Link for citation: Buglov N.A., Pushmin P.S. Determination of the conditions for the implementation of the deformed drilling layout rotation in the mode of stabilization of the borehole direction. Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Geo Аssets Engineering, 2023, vol. 334, no. 7, рр.17-25.In Rus. The relevance of the study is caused by the need to create a general methodology for determining the eccentricity of the inertia center of the core set cross-section, which will significantly reduce the irrational material and energy costs of drilling wells drilled in conditions of natural curvature of their trunks, as well as optimize the technical and economic indicators of drilling operations. Objective: to increase the productivity of geological exploration when working in conditions of natural curvature of boreholes. Objects: drilling well, column set, drilling shell, drill string, natural curvature of the borehole, the trajectory of the borehole. Methods: analysis of literature sources on the research topic; processing data of production organizations; graphoanalytic method. Results. To eliminate some of the shortcomings currently available in the issue of maintaining the trajectory of the borehole drilled in conditions of natural curvature, a general technique is proposed that ensures minimization of the deflecting force on the rock-breaking tool during the deepening. The proposed technique is divided into two components: the use of pre-deformed core sets; the creation of a direct precession with continuous contact of the half-wave crest with the well wall during rotation of the arrangement. To implement the first case, the paper presents a method for determining the value of residual or preliminary deformation of a rectilinear core pipe. Practically, the proposed technique is implemented by sequentially performing three basic operations: the plane of deformation of the core set is determined during drilling; the parameters of the core set are adjusted by its residual deformation by the calculated value; the well is drilled with a pre-deformed core set. To implement the second case, the paper presents a method for determining the magnitude of the eccentricity of the inertia center of the column set cross-section. In this case, in order to implement the method, it is necessary: to make a rational arrangement of the lower part of the drill string; to carry out the drilling process at the maximum possible rotation frequencies of the drill shaft; to use emulsion washing fluids; to reduce the amount of bending moment due to the operation of diamond crowns that work effectively at low axial forces. Both proposed methods are justified and supported by the results of experimental work. Conclusions. The conducted research allowed us to present and justify a fundamentally new method of reducing the curvature of boreholes based on the use of pre-deformed core sets, as well as to obtain a dependence for determining the optimal value of their residual initial bending, which guarantees a deflection force close to zero on a rock-breaking tool. The magnitude of the eccentricity of the stabilizing arrangement, which guarantees the operation of the guide section in the mode of direct precession: is directly proportional to the force of its interaction with the walls of the well; is inversely proportional to its mass and rotational speed; is directly proportional to the coefficient of sliding friction.