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The article summarizes the 2020-2021 research results, obtained in a field stationary experiment on leached chernozem in the Republic of Mordovia. The object of the study was spring barley of the Zazersky 85 variety. In its sowings the effectiveness of separate and joint use of the Forsazh (micro) preparation with various doses of mineral fertilizers was studied, including against the background of liming of the soil by 0.5 and 1.0 h.a. in 1999-2000. On average, for two years in the variant without the use of chemicals, the crop yield was 1.82 t / ha. The effect of fertilizers (P40K40, N40-60-80P40K40) was estimated by an increase in the yield of 0.10, 0.40-1.02 t/ha (LSD05 = 0.03 t/ha). The payback of 1 kg a.i. of mineral fertilizers with additional income increased with the rise in the doses of fertilizers applied - 0.94, 1.08, 1.19, 1.38 rubles/rub, respectively. The use of mineral fertilizers significantly increased the mass of 1000 grains and the natural weight of barley grain by 0.6-2.3 g and 9-33 g/l, respectively, and the Forsazh preparation by 0.2 g and 3 g/l. The recommended dose of mineral fertilizers for barley N80P40K40 provides the yield of 2.84 t/ha. Additional use of the Forsazh (micro) preparation will improve the technological indicators of grain quality.

The research was aimed at comparing the characteristics of winter wheat precursors on leached heavy loam chernozem in the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. The object of the study was winter wheat of the Mironovskaya 808 variety, grown in grain-grass-fallow-row (1996-1997) and grain-grass-row (2008-2009) crop rotations, where the precursors were pure fallow and lucerne grass of the 3d year of use. In the control variant (without lime and mineral fertilizers), the crop yield after pure fallow was 3.27 t/ha, after perennial grasses it was 3.72 t/ha. Liming of the soil introduced in 1989-1990 and 1999-2000 did not make significant changes in crop yield, but the combined action with fertilizers in the grain-grass-fallow-row crop rotation against the background of liming by 1.0 h. a. contributed to a greater increase (0.43 t/ha) than against the background of liming by 0.5 h. a. (0.28 t/ha). In grain-grass-row crop rotation, on the contrary, against the background of liming by 0.5 h. a, more grain was obtained (0.74 t/ha), than against the background of 1.0 h. a (0.51 t/ha). The effect of fertilizers without lime was estimated by a less increase in yield ‒ 0.36 and 0.78 t/ha, respectively by crop rotations. Taking into account the payback of 1 kg a.i. of mineral fertilizers with an additional grain yield and additional income, the following doses can be recommended in addition to phosphorus-potassium: the use of nitrogen fertilizer in the top-dressing in the following doses: in the grain-fallow-grass-row crop rotation not more than 30 kg a. i., in grain-grass-row ‒ 30-60 kg a.i. against the background of soil liming by 0.5 h. a.

The results of the research were obtained in 2019-2020 on sod-podzolic middle-loam soil in the conditions of EuroNorth-East of the Russian Federation. There were studied 18 variants of increasing doses of mineral fertilizers in the range from 30 to 150 kg of active ingredient per hectare. Under the conditions of 2019 growing season, nitrogen fertilizers influenced the value of yield of Novichok barley variety to a greater extent (Y = 0.67 - 0. 11x2 + 1.33x, R2 = 0.92), in 2020 - phosphorus fertilizers (Y = 1.48 - 0.02x2 + 0.48x, R2 = 0.99). On average, over 2 years of research, the yield in the control variant without the use of fertilizers was 0.87 t/ha. Yield increase of barley grains because of enlarged fertilizer doses ranged from 1.38 to 3.90 t/ha. The payback of 1 kg of active ingredient of fertilizers with increase of barley yield decreased due to enlarged doses: from 15.3 (N30P30K30) to 8.3 kg (N150P150K150). On average for two years of the research the increasing doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers had no significant effect on technological properties of spring barley seeds. The content of crude protein in grain grew with increase in fertilizer doses (r = 0.55). To obtain grain of the 2nd class of quality it is necessary to apply not less than 90 kg of active ingredient/hectare of ammonium nitrate. According to the content of crude cellulose, the 1st class of grain quality has been obtained, and this indicator did not depend on the application of fertilizers. High profitability of cultivation of the Novichok spring barley variety (from 54.2 to 59.1 %) has been recorded by application of mineral fertilizers in doses N60P60N120, N60P60K60 and N120P120K120.

The article summarizes the results of 1990-2012 research conducted during the stationary experiment on leached heavy loam chernozem in the Republic of Mordovia. The objects of the study are two crop rotations (grain-grass-fallow and grain-grass crop rotations) where alfalfa of the VEGA 87 variety was used as a bean component, smooth brome (Bromus inermis) Penza 1 was used as a grain component. It has been established that mineral fertilizers in grain-grass-fallow crop rotations with legumes increased productivity by 0.34-0.55, with cereals – by 0.31-0.73 tons of feed units/ha. That provided to get additional income from 1.19 to 1.40 and 1.09 to 1.47 rub/rub, respectively. Recommended doses of mineral fertilizers against soil liming by 0.5 hydrolytic acidity (h.a,) were N22-39P42K52, for grain-grass-fallow crop rotation with alfalfa and N27-71P42K52. with smooth brome. In the grain-grass crop rotation with legume and cereal components the payback of 1 kg active ingredient (a.i.) of complete mineral fertilizer was 6.13 and 6.17 kg feed units, additional income was 2.00 and 1.99 rub/rub, the productivity increased by 0.86-1.08 and 0.84-1.22 tons of feed units/ha, respectively. The payback of 1 kg of a. i. nitrogen as part of a complete mineral fertilizer in this crop rotation averaged 13.04 kg feed units versus 11.5 kg in legumes. Recommended doses of mineral fertilizers were N26-87P46K65 against the background of liming of the soil by 0.5-1.0 h. a. In crop rotation with smooth brome phosphorus-potash fertilizers should not be applied due to the low additional income (0.97-1.07 rub/rub).

In the Russian Federation, linseed is cultivated as an oil crop for seed production then its bast fiber part of a plant does not used due to the lack of processing technology and special equipment. Machinery factory named by Korolev (city Ivanovo) produces domestic equipment for flax primary processing for high price, but which is not adapted to produce fiber from stems of linseed. New low-cost technology and technological equipment for the primary processing of linseed fiber directly on the fields in flax-growing farms without building capital facilities and utilities have been done at the All-Russian Research Institute for Flax Production. This resource-saving technology allows rationally use the biological potential of the crop, to learn new types of production, to create additional jobs in farms and countryside. The calculations of the cost of new technological equipment, volumes of fibrous of raw materials for its processing, cost of linseed fiber producing at all transitions from the field to the final product in comparison with the existing basic technologies and technical means are presented in the article. On the basis of production tests of new equipment and quality characteristics of the obtained linseed fiber, carried out in 2015-2017, the areas of application in textile industry and other sectors of the economy have been recommended - cottoning fibers, nonwoven materials, environmental building insulation, composite materials. The low-cost innovative technology and its using in real economy is available for all categories of farms and fiber processing plants. The advantages of the new technological line compared to the existing baseline AKLV-1-01 (Korolev’s machinery factory) are the following: the processing capacity of raw materials is 1.6 times higher; fiber production with wide rank characteristics, as an average mass-long from 40 to 200 mm, content of shives from 10 to 20%, linear density from 1.5 to 7.0 tex; the power of electric motors was 1.8 times lower (from 65 to 36 kW) , the costs of materials consumption was 1.8 times lower and the cost of equipment decreased from 11.200 to 7.000 thousand rubles. Calculations of economic efficiency of production and the payback of new resource-saving technological equipment confirm the validity of the use of the proposed technology. Additional revenue from the sale of fiber will be more than 2 billion rubles per year, and net profit of more than 500 million rubles. The payback period of the equipment of one production line is less than two years.