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1. A method to determine the electric field of liquid argon time projection chambers using a UV laser system and its application in MicroBooNE

Author

Adams, C, Alrashed, M, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Berkman, S, Bhanderi, A, Bhat, A, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, EO, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Domine, L, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Evans, JJ, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Foppiani, N, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Gardiner, S, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Green, P, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Gu, L, Gu, W, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hill, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, Itay, R, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Jo, JH, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jwa, YJ, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Lepetic, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Martin-Albo, J, and Caicedo, DAM

Subjects
Ionization and excitation processes, Neutrino detectors, Noble liquid detectors, Time projection chambers, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

Liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs) are now a standard detector technology for making accelerator neutrino measurements, due to their high material density, precise tracking, and calorimetric capabilities. An electric field (E-field) is required in such detectors to drift ionization electrons to the anode where they are collected. The E-field of a TPC is often approximated to be uniform between the anode and the cathode planes. However, significant distortions can appear from effects such as mechanical deformations, electrode failures, or the accumulation of space charge generated by cosmic rays. The latter effect is particularly relevant for detectors placed near the Earth's surface and with large drift distances and long drift time. To determine the E-field in situ, an ultraviolet (UV) laser system is installed in the MicroBooNE experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The purpose of this system is to provide precise measurements of the E-field, and to make it possible to correct for 3D spatial distortions due to E-field non-uniformities. Here we describe the methodology developed for deriving spatial distortions, the drift velocity and the E-field from UV-laser measurements.

Published
2020

2. Calibration of the charge and energy loss per unit length of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber using muons and protons

Author

Adams, C, Alrashed, M, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Berkman, S, Bhanderi, A, Bhat, A, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, EO, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Domine, L, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Foppiani, N, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Gardiner, S, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Green, P, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Gu, L, Gu, W, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hill, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, Itay, R, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Jo, JH, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jwa, YJ, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Lepetic, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, and Martin-Albo, J

Subjects
Calorimeters, dE/dx detectors, Neutrino detectors, Time projection chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics
Abstract

We describe a method used to calibrate the position- and time-dependent response of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber anode wires to ionization particle energy loss. The method makes use of crossing cosmic-ray muons to partially correct anode wire signals for multiple effects as a function of time and position, including cross-connected TPC wires, space charge effects, electron attachment to impurities, diffusion, and recombination. The overall energy scale is then determined using fully-contained beam-induced muons originating and stopping in the active region of the detector. Using this method, we obtain an absolute energy scale uncertainty of 2% in data. We use stopping protons to further refine the relation between the measured charge and the energy loss for highly-ionizing particles. This data-driven detector calibration improves both the measurement of total deposited energy and particle identification based on energy loss per unit length as a function of residual range. As an example, the proton selection efficiency is increased by 2% after detector calibration.

Published
2020

3. Reconstruction and measurement of (100) MeV energy electromagnetic activity from π0 arrow γγ decays in the MicroBooNE LArTPC

Author

Adams, C, Alrashed, M, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Basque, V, Bass, M, Bay, F, Berkman, S, Bhanderi, A, Bhat, A, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, EO, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Domine, L, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Foppiani, N, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Gardiner, S, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Green, P, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Gu, L, Gu, W, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hill, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, Itay, R, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Jo, JH, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jwa, YJ, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Lepetic, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, and Martin-Albo, J

Subjects
Noble liquid detectors, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Time projection chambers, hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

We present results on the reconstruction of electromagnetic (EM) activity from photons produced in charged current νμ interactions with final state π0s. We employ a fully-automated reconstruction chain capable of identifying EM showers of (100) MeV energy, relying on a combination of traditional reconstruction techniques together with novel machine-learning approaches. These studies demonstrate good energy resolution, and good agreement between data and simulation, relying on the reconstructed invariant π0 mass and other photon distributions for validation. The reconstruction techniques developed are applied to a selection of νμ + Ar → μ + π0 + X candidate events to demonstrate the potential for calorimetric separation of photons from electrons and reconstruction of π0 kinematics.

Published
2020

4. Rejecting cosmic background for exclusive charged current quasi elastic neutrino interaction studies with Liquid Argon TPCs; a case study with the MicroBooNE detector

Author

Adams, C, Alrashed, M, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Auger, M, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, EO, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Del Tutto, M, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, de Vries, JJ, Ji, X, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Lepetic, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Martin-Albo, J, Caicedo, DAM, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, and Mettler, T

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

Cosmic ray (CR) interactions can be a challenging source of background for neutrino oscillation and cross-section measurements in surface detectors. We present methods for CR rejection in measurements of charged-current quasielastic-like (CCQE-like) neutrino interactions, with a muon and a proton in the final state, measured using liquid argon time projection chambers (LArTPCs). Using a sample of cosmic data collected with the MicroBooNE detector, mixed with simulated neutrino scattering events, a set of event selection criteria is developed that produces an event sample with minimal contribution from CR background. Depending on the selection criteria used a purity between 50 and 80% can be achieved with a signal selection efficiency between 50 and 25%, with higher purity coming at the expense of lower efficiency. While using a specific dataset and selection criteria values optimized for the MicroBooNE detector, the concepts presented here are generic and can be adapted for various studies of exclusive νμ CCQE interactions in LArTPCs.

Published
2019

5. Design and construction of the MicroBooNE Cosmic Ray Tagger system

Author

Adams, C, Alrashed, M, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Ashkenazi, A, Auger, M, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Duffy, K, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fitzpatrick, RS, Fleming, BT, Franco, D, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Goodwin, O, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Martin-Albo, J, Caicedo, DAM, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, Mettler, T, and Mills, GB

Subjects
Neutrino detectors, Particle tracking detectors, Particle identification methods, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The MicroBooNE detector utilizes a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) with an 85 t active mass to study neutrino interactions along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. With a deployment location near ground level, the detector records many cosmic muon tracks in each beam-related detector trigger that can be misidentified as signals of interest. To reduce these cosmogenic backgrounds, we have designed and constructed a TPC-external Cosmic Ray Tagger (CRT) . This sub-system was developed by the Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), Albert Einstein center for fundamental physics, University of Bern. The system utilizes plastic scintillation modules to provide precise time and position information for TPC-traversing particles. Successful matching of TPC tracks and CRT data will allow us to reduce cosmogenic background and better characterize the light collection system and LArTPC data using cosmic muons. In this paper we describe the design and installation of the MicroBooNE CRT system and provide an overview of a series of tests done to verify the proper operation of the system and its components during installation, commissioning, and physics data-taking.

Published
2019

6. Comparison of ν μ - Ar multiplicity distributions observed by MicroBooNE to GENIE model predictions: MicroBooNE Collaboration

Author

Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Castillo Fernandez, R, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Del Tutto, M, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Escudero Sanchez, L, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, de Vries, JJ, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Martinez Caicedo, DA, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, Mettler, T, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Mogan, A, Moon, J, Mooney, M, and Moore, CD

Subjects
hep-ex, physics.ins-det, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We measure a large set of observables in inclusive charged current muon neutrino scattering on argon with the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber operating at Fermilab. We evaluate three neutrino interaction models based on the widely used GENIE event generator using these observables. The measurement uses a data set consisting of neutrino interactions with a final state muon candidate fully contained within the MicroBooNE detector. These data were collected in 2016 with the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam, which has an average neutrino energy of 800MeV, using an exposure corresponding to 5.0 × 10 19 protons-on-target. The analysis employs fully automatic event selection and charged particle track reconstruction and uses a data-driven technique to separate neutrino interactions from cosmic ray background events. We find that GENIE models consistently describe the shapes of a large number of kinematic distributions for fixed observed multiplicity.

Published
2019

7. Ionization electron signal processing in single phase LArTPCs. Part II. Data/simulation comparison and performance in MicroBooNE

Author

Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Terrazas, IC, Carr, R, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Dolce, M, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, Mettler, T, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, and Mogan, A

Subjects
Neutrino detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Data processing methods, Time projection Chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) provides a large amount of detailed information in the form of fine-grained drifted ionization charge from particle traces. To fully utilize this information, the deposited charge must be accurately extracted from the raw digitized waveforms via a robust signal processing chain. Enabled by the ultra-low noise levels associated with cryogenic electronics in the MicroBooNE detector, the precise extraction of ionization charge from the induction wire planes in a single-phase LArTPC is qualitatively demonstrated on MicroBooNE data with event display images, and quantitatively demonstrated via waveform-level and track-level metrics. Improved performance of induction plane calorimetry is demonstrated through the agreement of extracted ionization charge measurements across different wire planes for various event topologies. In addition to the comprehensive waveform-level comparison of data and simulation, a calibration of the cryogenic electronics response is presented and solutions to various MicroBooNE-specific TPC issues are discussed. This work presents an important improvement in LArTPC signal processing, the foundation of reconstruction and therefore physics analyses in MicroBooNE.

Published
2018

8. Ionization electron signal processing in single phase LArTPCs. Part I. Algorithm Description and quantitative evaluation with MicroBooNE simulation

Author

Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Bagby, L, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bhat, A, Bhattacharya, K, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Cerati, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Cooper-Troendle, L, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Diaz, A, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Evans, JJ, Fadeeva, AA, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Guzowski, P, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, GA, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Jwa, YJ, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Marcocci, S, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Mastbaum, A, Meddage, V, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Mogan, A, Moon, J, Mooney, M, and Moore, CD

Subjects
Data processing methods, Neutrino detectors, Time projection chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, nucl-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of the charge extraction procedure are also discussed.

Published
2018

9. Determination of muon momentum in the MicroBooNE LArTPC using an improved model of multiple Coulomb scattering

Author

Abratenko, P, Acciarri, R, Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Bagby, L, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Bugel, L, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Carls, B, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Chen, H, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Graf, N, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, G, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jen, CM, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Kaleko, D, Kalousis, LN, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Laube, A, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Meddage, V, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Moon, J, Mooney, M, Moore, CD, Mousseau, J, Murrells, R, Naples, D, Nienaber, P, Nowak, J, and Palamara, O

Subjects
Neutrino detectors, Time projection chambers, Time projection Chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

We discuss a technique for measuring a charged particle's momentum by means of multiple Coulomb scattering (MCS) in the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). This method does not require the full particle ionization track to be contained inside of the detector volume as other track momentum reconstruction methods do (range-based momentum reconstruction and calorimetric momentum reconstruction). We motivate use of this technique, describe a tuning of the underlying phenomenological formula, quantify its performance on fully contained beam-neutrino-induced muon tracks both in simulation and in data, and quantify its performance on exiting muon tracks in simulation. Using simulation, we have shown that the standard Highland formula should be re-tuned specifically for scattering in liquid argon, which significantly improves the bias and resolution of the momentum measurement. With the tuned formula, we find agreement between data and simulation for contained tracks, with a small bias in the momentum reconstruction and with resolutions that vary as a function of track length, improving from about 10% for the shortest (one meter long) tracks to 5% for longer (several meter) tracks. For simulated exiting muons with at least one meter of track contained, we find a similarly small bias, and a resolution which is less than 15% for muons with momentum below 2 GeV/c. Above 2 GeV/c, results are given as a first estimate of the MCS momentum measurement capabilities of MicroBooNE for high momentum exiting tracks.

Published
2017

10. Michel electron reconstruction using cosmic-ray data from the MicroBooNE LArTPC

Author

Acciarri, R, Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Bagby, L, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Bugel, L, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Carls, B, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Chen, H, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Graf, N, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, G, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jen, CM, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Laube, A, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Meddage, V, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Moon, J, Mooney, M, Moore, CD, Mousseau, J, Murrells, R, Naples, D, Nienaber, P, Nowak, J, Palamara, O, Paolone, V, and Papavassiliou, V

Subjects
Neutrino detectors, Noble liquid detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Time projection chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) has been taking data at Fermilab since 2015 collecting, in addition to neutrino beam, cosmic-ray muons. Results are presented on the reconstruction of Michel electrons produced by the decay at rest of cosmic-ray muons. Michel electrons are abundantly produced in the TPC, and given their well known energy spectrum can be used to study MicroBooNE's detector response to low-energy electrons (electrons with energies up to ∼ 50 MeV). We describe the fully-automated algorithm developed to reconstruct Michel electrons, with which a sample of ∼ 14,000 Michel electron candidates is obtained. Most of this article is dedicated to studying the impact of radiative photons produced by Michel electrons on the accuracy and resolution of their energy measurement. In this energy range, ionization and bremsstrahlung photon production contribute similarly to electron energy loss in argon, leading to a complex electron topology in the TPC. By profiling the performance of the reconstruction algorithm on simulation we show that the ability to identify and include energy deposited by radiative photons leads to a significant improvement in the energy measurement of low-energy electrons. The fractional energy resolution we measure improves from over 30% to ∼ 20% when we attempt to include radiative photons in the reconstruction. These studies are relevant to a large number of analyses which aim to study neutrinos by measuring electrons produced by νe interactions over a broad energy range.

Published
2017

11. Noise Characterization and Filtering in the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon TPC

Author

Acciarri, R, Adams, C, An, R, Anthony, J, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Bagby, L, Balasubramanian, S, Baller, B, Barnes, C, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Bullard, B, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Carls, B, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Chen, H, Church, E, Cianci, D, Cohen, E, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Geronimo, GD, Tutto, MD, Devitt, D, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Fadeeva, AA, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garcia-Gamez, D, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Graf, N, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, G, Hourlier, A, Huang, EC, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jen, CM, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Laube, A, Li, S, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Meddage, V, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Moon, J, Mooney, M, Moore, CD, Mousseau, J, Murrells, R, Naples, D, and Nienaber, P

Subjects
Front-end electronics for detector readout, Neutrino detectors, Noble liquid detectors, Time projection Chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The low-noise operation of readout electronics in a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) is critical to properly extract the distribution of ionization charge deposited on the wire planes of the TPC, especially for the induction planes. This paper describes the characteristics and mitigation of the observed noise in the MicroBooNE detector. The MicroBooNE's single-phase LArTPC comprises two induction planes and one collection sense wire plane with a total of 8256 wires. Current induced on each TPC wire is amplified and shaped by custom low-power, low-noise ASICs immersed in the liquid argon. The digitization of the signal waveform occurs outside the cryostat. Using data from the first year of MicroBooNE operations, several excess noise sources in the TPC were identified and mitigated. The residual equivalent noise charge (ENC) after noise filtering varies with wire length and is found to be below 400 electrons for the longest wires (4.7 m). The response is consistent with the cold electronics design expectations and is found to be stable with time and uniform over the functioning channels. This noise level is significantly lower than previous experiments utilizing warm front-end electronics.

Published
2017

12. Convolutional neural networks applied to neutrino events in a liquid argon time projection chamber

Author

Acciarri, R, Adams, C, An, R, Asaadi, J, Auger, M, Bagby, L, Baller, B, Barr, G, Bass, M, Bay, F, Bishai, M, Blake, A, Bolton, T, Bugel, L, Camilleri, L, Caratelli, D, Carls, B, Fernandez, RC, Cavanna, F, Chen, H, Church, E, Cianci, D, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Convery, M, Crespo-Anadón, JI, Del Tutto, M, Devitt, D, Dytman, S, Eberly, B, Ereditato, A, Sanchez, LE, Esquivel, J, Fleming, BT, Foreman, W, Furmanski, AP, Garvey, GT, Genty, V, Goeldi, D, Gollapinni, S, Graf, N, Gramellini, E, Greenlee, H, Grosso, R, Guenette, R, Hackenburg, A, Hamilton, P, Hen, O, Hewes, J, Hill, C, Ho, J, Horton-Smith, G, James, C, De Vries, JJ, Jen, CM, Jiang, L, Johnson, RA, Jones, BJP, Joshi, J, Jostlein, H, Kaleko, D, Karagiorgi, G, Ketchum, W, Kirby, B, Kirby, M, Kobilarcik, T, Kreslo, I, Laube, A, Li, Y, Lister, A, Littlejohn, BR, Lockwitz, S, Lorca, D, Louis, WC, Luethi, M, Lundberg, B, Luo, X, Marchionni, A, Mariani, C, Marshall, J, Caicedo, DAM, Meddage, V, Miceli, T, Mills, GB, Moon, J, Mooney, M, Moore, CD, Mousseau, J, Murrells, R, Naples, D, Nienaber, P, Nowak, J, Palamara, O, Paolone, V, Papavassiliou, V, Pate, SF, Pavlovic, Z, Porzio, D, Pulliam, G, and Qian, X

Subjects
Analysis and statistical methods, Particle identification methods, Image filtering, Time projection chambers, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

We present several studies of convolutional neural networks applied to data coming from the MicroBooNE detector, a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). The algorithms studied include the classification of single particle images, the localization of single particle and neutrino interactions in an image, and the detection of a simulated neutrino event overlaid with cosmic ray backgrounds taken from real detector data. These studies demonstrate the potential of convolutional neural networks for particle identification or event detection on simulated neutrino interactions. We also address technical issues that arise when applying this technique to data from a large LArTPC at or near ground level.

Published
2017

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