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4 results on '"Relationship formation"'

1. Psychometric Evaluation of a Controlled Social Affiliation Paradigm: Findings From Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, and Healthy Samples

Author

Hoffman, Samantha N, Thomas, Michael L, Pearlstein, Sarah L, Kakaria, Sanskruti, Oveis, Christopher, Stein, Murray B, and Taylor, Charles T

Subjects
Biological Psychology, Psychology, Anxiety Disorders, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Social Determinants of Health, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Mental Illness, Brain Disorders, Depression, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Mental Health, 2.3 Psychological, social and economic factors, Mental health, Anxiety, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Psychometrics, social affiliation, psychometrics, reliability, validity, relationship formation, behavioral, social anxiety, anxiety, de-pression, reciprocal self-disclosure paradigm, depression, Clinical Psychology, Applied and developmental psychology, Biological psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Social impairments are common across many psychiatric conditions. Standardized dyadic assessments intended to elicit social affiliation between unacquainted partners are used to elucidate mechanisms that disrupt relationship formation and inform possible treatment targets; however, the psychometric properties of such paradigms remain poorly understood. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a controlled social affiliation paradigm intended to induce connectedness between a target participant and trained confederate. Individuals with an anxiety or depressive disorder diagnosis (clinical group; n = 132) and those without (control group; n = 35) interacted face-to-face with a trained confederate; partners took turns answering a series of increasingly intimate questions about themselves. Social connectedness, affect, and affiliative behavior measures were collected during the interaction. Participant symptom and social functioning measures were collected to examine validity. The paradigm elicited escalating social connectedness throughout the task for both participants and confederates. Parallel forms (i.e., different question sets) elicited similar affiliation outcomes. Self-reported (but not behavioral) affiliation differed across some demographic variables (e.g., participant gender, Hispanic ethnicity). Within-task affiliation measures were associated with one another and with global social connectedness and social anxiety symptom measures, but not with somatic anxiety measures. Clinical participants reported lower social affiliation and positive affect reactivity and higher negative affect reactivity than healthy participants. These findings provide initial psychometric support for a standardized and controlled dyadic affiliation paradigm that could be used to reliably probe social disconnection mechanisms across psychopathology.

Published
2021

2. The affective tie that binds: Examining the contribution of positive emotions and anxiety to relationship formation in social anxiety disorder

Author

Taylor, Charles T, Pearlstein, Sarah L, and Stein, Murray B

Subjects
Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychology, Clinical Research, Depression, Brain Disorders, Mental Health, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental health, Affective Symptoms, Anxiety, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Phobia, Social, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychometrics, Social Behavior, Young Adult, Social anxiety disorder, Relationship formation, Positive emotion, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Psychology, Clinical and health psychology
Abstract

Individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD) have difficulty forming social relationships. The prevailing clinical perspective is that negative emotions such as anxiety inhibit one's capacity to develop satisfying social connections. However, empirical findings from social psychology and affective neuroscience suggest that positive emotional experiences are fundamental to establishing new social bonds. To reconcile these perspectives, we collected repeated measurements of anxiety, positive emotions (pleasantness), and connectedness over the course of a controlled relationship formation encounter in 56 participants diagnosed with SAD (64% female; Mage=23.3, SD=4.7). Participants experienced both increases in positive emotions and decreases in anxiety throughout the interaction. Change in positive emotions was the most robust predictor of subsequent increases in connectedness, as well as a greater desire to engage one's partner in future social activities, above and beyond reductions in anxiety (medium to large sized effects). Those findings suggest that anxiety-based models alone may not fully explain difficulties in relationship formation in SAD, and underscore the potential value of considering positive emotional experiences in conceptual and treatment models of SAD.

Published
2017

3. The Desired Unsung: Black Middle-Class Men and Intimate Relationships

Author

Hightower, Joy L.

Subjects
Sociology, Black middle-class, gender, intimacy, intragenerational mobility, intra-racial differences, relationship formation
Abstract

Popular discourses about the crises of Black family, marriage, and economic stability are refracted through the failure of low-income Black men. But, the academic discussion is also tinged by the “taint of the ghetto,” in which sociologists have tended to analyze the diverse experiences of Black relationships through a reductionist frame based on poverty and family disorganization. Black middle-class (BMC) men also carry the weight of these class-specific narratives (e.g., the absentee father, philanderer, drug dealer, or gang member)—not just because there is a dearth of knowledge about BMC heterosexual relationships but because everyone else—from single mothers, never married women, social commentators, and pundits—are speaking for Black men, except themselves.Based on in-depth interviews, this dissertation seeks to enrich the debate surrounding Black relationships by including the perspectives of BMC men. It asks one overarching question that is often debated, yet never directly asked of the BMC men in question: How do heterosexual BMC men perceive and negotiate their relationships against the backdrop of dominant narratives that foreground their alleged failure? I find that within-class differences, specifically, the trajectory of BMC men’s social mobility patterns, timing of exposure to predominately white social environments, and racialized dating experiences are the three factors necessary to understand how BMC men experience intimate relationships.

Published
2017

4. Self-presentation, Interpersonal Perception, and Partner Selection in Computer-mediated Relationship Formation

Author

Fiore, Andrew Rocco Tresolini

Subjects
Information science, Social psychology, computer-mediated communication, online dating, relationship formation, social media
Abstract

The use of social and technological intermediaries to seek intimate partners has a long history. Yet the affordances and limitations of modern computer-mediated communication (CMC) systems built for this purpose — specifically, online dating sites — present new challenges and opportunities for those who use them to initiate intimate relationships. The sheer number of potential mates available on such sites is tremendous, but accurately gauging their appeal and suitability for a relationship can be difficult through CMC.This dissertation presents a longitudinal survey of users of a major U.S. online dating service as they interact with potential dates online, meet them in person, and in some cases establish intimate relationships. The survey addresses two research questions: how interpersonal perceptions change when online daters meet in person for the first time, and how online and offline perceptions are associated with relationship duration, satisfaction, and intimacy.With respect to the first research question, I find that on average measures of liking and willingness to enter into a romantic relationship decline after participants meet their dates face-to-face for the first time. This result held for both inexperienced and experienced online daters. With regard to the second research question, I find that participants' perceptions of their dates before they have met in person generally do not predict the duration of the subsequent relationship, if any. However, their perceptions on many dimensions shortly after meeting in person are significantly associated with relationship duration. At the same time, among those who do begin dating, perceptions on numerous dimensions both pre-meeting and post-meeting are associated with intimacy and, to a lesser degree, relationship satisfaction in the weeks after the first date. That is, it appears that initial judgments from online interaction do not predict whether a couple will form a relationship, but these judgments do predict metrics of relationship quality if they choose to do so.

Published
2010

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