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10 results on '"Osipova, Ludmila P"'

1. Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia

Author

Pagani, Luca, Lawson, Daniel John, Jagoda, Evelyn, Mörseburg, Alexander, Eriksson, Anders, Mitt, Mario, Clemente, Florian, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Saag, Lauri, Wall, Jeffrey D, Cardona, Alexia, Mägi, Reedik, Sayres, Melissa A Wilson, Kaewert, Sarah, Inchley, Charlotte, Scheib, Christiana L, Järve, Mari, Karmin, Monika, Jacobs, Guy S, Antao, Tiago, Iliescu, Florin Mircea, Kushniarevich, Alena, Ayub, Qasim, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Xue, Yali, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Tambets, Kristiina, Mallick, Chandana Basu, Saag, Lehti, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Andriadze, George, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael C, Lambert, David M, Zoraqi, Grigor, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Isakova, Jainagul, Damba, Larisa D, Gubina, Marina, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Evseeva, Irina, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Brucato, Nicolas, Sudoyo, Herawati, Letellier, Thierry, Cox, Murray P, Barashkov, Nikolay A, Škaro, Vedrana, Mulahasanovic´, Lejla, Primorac, Dragan, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Mormina, Maru, Eichstaedt, Christina A, Lichman, Daria V, Abdullah, Syafiq, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Wee, Joseph TS, Mihailov, Evelin, Karunas, Alexandra, Litvinov, Sergei, Khusainova, Rita, Ekomasova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Marjanović, Damir, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Behar, Doron M, Balanovska, Elena, Metspalu, Andres, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Voevoda, Mikhail, Fedorova, Sardana A, Osipova, Ludmila P, Lahr, Marta Mirazón, Gerbault, Pascale, Leavesley, Matthew, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Petraglia, Michael, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K, Metspalu, Ene, Thomas, Mark G, Manica, Andrea, Nielsen, Rasmus, Villems, Richard, Willerslev, Eske, Kivisild, Toomas, and Metspalu, Mait

Subjects
Human Genome, Biotechnology, Genetics, Generic health relevance, Africa, Animals, Asia, Datasets as Topic, Estonia, Europe, Fossils, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, Genomics, Heterozygote, History, Ancient, Human Migration, Humans, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Neanderthals, New Guinea, Population Dynamics, Racial Groups, General Science & Technology
Abstract

High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans. Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 high-coverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125 populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2% of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.

Published
2016

2. Genomic analyses inform on migration events during the peopling of Eurasia.

Author

Pagani, Luca, Lawson, Daniel John, Jagoda, Evelyn, Mörseburg, Alexander, Eriksson, Anders, Mitt, Mario, Clemente, Florian, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Saag, Lauri, Wall, Jeffrey D, Cardona, Alexia, Mägi, Reedik, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A, Kaewert, Sarah, Inchley, Charlotte, Scheib, Christiana L, Järve, Mari, Karmin, Monika, Jacobs, Guy S, Antao, Tiago, Iliescu, Florin Mircea, Kushniarevich, Alena, Ayub, Qasim, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Xue, Yali, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Tambets, Kristiina, Mallick, Chandana Basu, Saag, Lehti, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Andriadze, George, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael C, Lambert, David M, Zoraqi, Grigor, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Isakova, Jainagul, Damba, Larisa D, Gubina, Marina, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Evseeva, Irina, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Brucato, Nicolas, Sudoyo, Herawati, Letellier, Thierry, Cox, Murray P, Barashkov, Nikolay A, Skaro, Vedrana, Mulahasanovic, Lejla, Primorac, Dragan, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Mormina, Maru, Eichstaedt, Christina A, Lichman, Daria V, Abdullah, Syafiq, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Wee, Joseph TS, Mihailov, Evelin, Karunas, Alexandra, Litvinov, Sergei, Khusainova, Rita, Ekomasova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Marjanović, Damir, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Behar, Doron M, Balanovska, Elena, Metspalu, Andres, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Voevoda, Mikhail, Fedorova, Sardana A, Osipova, Ludmila P, Lahr, Marta Mirazón, Gerbault, Pascale, Leavesley, Matthew, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Petraglia, Michael, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K, Metspalu, Ene, Thomas, Mark G, Manica, Andrea, Nielsen, Rasmus, Villems, Richard, Willerslev, Eske, Kivisild, Toomas, and Metspalu, Mait

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Genetics, Population, Genomics, Population Dynamics, Heterozygote, Genome, Human, Fossils, History, Ancient, Continental Population Groups, Oceanic Ancestry Group, Africa, Asia, Europe, Estonia, New Guinea, Gene Flow, Neanderthals, Human Migration, Datasets as Topic, Genetics, Population, Genome, Human, History, Ancient, Biotechnology, Human Genome, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, General Science & Technology
Abstract

High-coverage whole-genome sequence studies have so far focused on a limited number of geographically restricted populations, or been targeted at specific diseases, such as cancer. Nevertheless, the availability of high-resolution genomic data has led to the development of new methodologies for inferring population history and refuelled the debate on the mutation rate in humans. Here we present the Estonian Biocentre Human Genome Diversity Panel (EGDP), a dataset of 483 high-coverage human genomes from 148 populations worldwide, including 379 new genomes from 125 populations, which we group into diversity and selection sets. We analyse this dataset to refine estimates of continent-wide patterns of heterozygosity, long- and short-distance gene flow, archaic admixture, and changes in effective population size through time as well as for signals of positive or balancing selection. We find a genetic signature in present-day Papuans that suggests that at least 2% of their genome originates from an early and largely extinct expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) out of Africa. Together with evidence from the western Asian fossil record, and admixture between AMHs and Neanderthals predating the main Eurasian expansion, our results contribute to the mounting evidence for the presence of AMHs out of Africa earlier than 75,000 years ago.

Published
2016

3. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans

Author

Raghavan, Maanasa, Steinrücken, Matthias, Harris, Kelley, Schiffels, Stephan, Rasmussen, Simon, DeGiorgio, Michael, Albrechtsen, Anders, Valdiosera, Cristina, Ávila-Arcos, María C, Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo, Eriksson, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Homburger, Julian R, Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar E, Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn S, Pierre, Tracey, Rasmussen, Morten, Campos, Paula F, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Allentoft, Morten E, Lindo, John, Metspalu, Ene, Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, Mansilla, Josefina, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Malmström, Helena, Stafford, Thomas, Shringarpure, Suyash S, Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Anders, Xue, Yali, Warmuth, Vera, Friend, Andrew D, Singarayer, Joy, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, Francois, Leboreiro, Ilán, Vera, Jose Luis, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Pettener, Davide, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren G, Heyer, Evelyne, Zollikofer, Christoph PE, Ponce de León, Marcia S, Smith, Colin I, Grimes, Vaughan, Pike, Kelly-Anne, Deal, Michael, Fuller, Benjamin T, Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, Maria F, Ricaut, Francois, Guidon, Niede, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail I, Posukh, Olga L, Balanovsky, Oleg, Lavryashina, Maria, Bogunov, Yuri, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Gubina, Marina, Balanovska, Elena, Fedorova, Sardana, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, Boris, Derenko, Miroslava, Mosher, MJ, Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul J, Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian M, Kivisild, Toomas, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Sandhu, Manjinder S, Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David Glenn, Waters, Michael R, Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John R, Malhi, Ripan S, Jakobsson, Mattias, Meltzer, David J, Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos D, Song, Yun S, and Nielsen, Rasmus

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, History, Heritage and Archaeology, Human Society, Historical Studies, Anthropology, Minority Health, Human Genome, American Indian or Alaska Native, Americas, Gene Flow, Genomics, History, Ancient, Human Migration, Humans, Indians, North American, Models, Genetic, Siberia, General Science & Technology
Abstract

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.

Published
2015

4. POPULATION GENETICS. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans.

Author

Raghavan, Maanasa, Steinrücken, Matthias, Harris, Kelley, Schiffels, Stephan, Rasmussen, Simon, DeGiorgio, Michael, Albrechtsen, Anders, Valdiosera, Cristina, Ávila-Arcos, María C, Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo, Eriksson, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Homburger, Julian R, Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar E, Moreno-Mayar, J Víctor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn S, Pierre, Tracey, Rasmussen, Morten, Campos, Paula F, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, Allentoft, Morten E, Lindo, John, Metspalu, Ene, Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, Mansilla, Josefina, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Malmström, Helena, Stafford, Thomas, Shringarpure, Suyash S, Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Anders, Xue, Yali, Warmuth, Vera, Friend, Andrew D, Singarayer, Joy, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, Francois, Leboreiro, Ilán, Vera, Jose Luis, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Pettener, Davide, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren G, Heyer, Evelyne, Zollikofer, Christoph PE, Ponce de León, Marcia S, Smith, Colin I, Grimes, Vaughan, Pike, Kelly-Anne, Deal, Michael, Fuller, Benjamin T, Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, Maria F, Ricaut, Francois, Guidon, Niede, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail I, Posukh, Olga L, Balanovsky, Oleg, Lavryashina, Maria, Bogunov, Yuri, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Gubina, Marina, Balanovska, Elena, Fedorova, Sardana, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, Boris, Derenko, Miroslava, Mosher, MJ, Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul J, Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian M, Kivisild, Toomas, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Sandhu, Manjinder S, Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David Glenn, Waters, Michael R, Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John R, Malhi, Ripan S, Jakobsson, Mattias, Meltzer, David J, Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos D, Song, Yun S, and Nielsen, Rasmus

Subjects
Humans, Genomics, Models, Genetic, History, Ancient, Indians, North American, Americas, Siberia, Gene Flow, Human Migration, Human Genome, Genetics, General Science & Technology
Abstract

How and when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericúes and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.

Published
2015

5. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture

Author

Karmin, Monika, Saag, Lauri, Vicente, Mário, Sayres, Melissa A Wilson, Järve, Mari, Talas, Ulvi Gerst, Rootsi, Siiri, Ilumäe, Anne-Mai, Mägi, Reedik, Mitt, Mario, Pagani, Luca, Puurand, Tarmo, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Clemente, Florian, Cardona, Alexia, Metspalu, Ene, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Loogväli, Eva-Liis, Eichstaedt, Christina, Eelmets, Mikk, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Tambets, Kristiina, Litvinov, Sergei, Mormina, Maru, Xue, Yali, Ayub, Qasim, Zoraqi, Grigor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Akhatova, Farida, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Kusuma, Pradiptajati, Razafindrazaka, Harilanto, Pierron, Denis, Cox, Murray P, Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Willerslev, Rane, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael, Lambert, David, Skaro, Vedrana, Kovačevic´, Lejla, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Khusainova, Rita, Trofimova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Lichman, Daria V, Isakova, Jainagul, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Barashkov, Nikolay A, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Mihailov, Evelin, Seng, Joseph Wee Tien, Evseeva, Irina, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Abdullah, Syafiq, Andriadze, George, Primorac, Dragan, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Marjanovic´, Damir, Kushniarevich, Alena, Behar, Doron M, Gilissen, Christian, Vissers, Lisenka, Veltman, Joris A, Balanovska, Elena, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Metspalu, Andres, Fedorova, Sardana, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Mendez, Fernando L, Karafet, Tatiana M, Veeramah, Krishna R, Bradman, Neil, Hammer, Michael F, Osipova, Ludmila P, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K, Johnsen, Knut, Remm, Maido, Thomas, Mark G, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Underhill, Peter A, Willerslev, Eske, Nielsen, Rasmus, Metspalu, Mait, Villems, Richard, and Kivisild, Toomas

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Genome, Base Sequence, Chromosomes, Human, Y, DNA, Mitochondrial, Evolution, Molecular, Genetic Variation, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Racial Groups, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

6. A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture.

Author

Karmin, Monika, Saag, Lauri, Vicente, Mário, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A, Järve, Mari, Talas, Ulvi Gerst, Rootsi, Siiri, Ilumäe, Anne-Mai, Mägi, Reedik, Mitt, Mario, Pagani, Luca, Puurand, Tarmo, Faltyskova, Zuzana, Clemente, Florian, Cardona, Alexia, Metspalu, Ene, Sahakyan, Hovhannes, Yunusbayev, Bayazit, Hudjashov, Georgi, DeGiorgio, Michael, Loogväli, Eva-Liis, Eichstaedt, Christina, Eelmets, Mikk, Chaubey, Gyaneshwer, Tambets, Kristiina, Litvinov, Sergei, Mormina, Maru, Xue, Yali, Ayub, Qasim, Zoraqi, Grigor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Akhatova, Farida, Lachance, Joseph, Tishkoff, Sarah, Momynaliev, Kuvat, Ricaut, François-Xavier, Kusuma, Pradiptajati, Razafindrazaka, Harilanto, Pierron, Denis, Cox, Murray P, Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar, Willerslev, Rane, Muller, Craig, Westaway, Michael, Lambert, David, Skaro, Vedrana, Kovačevic, Lejla, Turdikulova, Shahlo, Dalimova, Dilbar, Khusainova, Rita, Trofimova, Natalya, Akhmetova, Vita, Khidiyatova, Irina, Lichman, Daria V, Isakova, Jainagul, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Sabitov, Zhaxylyk, Barashkov, Nikolay A, Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn, Mihailov, Evelin, Seng, Joseph Wee Tien, Evseeva, Irina, Migliano, Andrea Bamberg, Abdullah, Syafiq, Andriadze, George, Primorac, Dragan, Atramentova, Lubov, Utevska, Olga, Yepiskoposyan, Levon, Marjanovic, Damir, Kushniarevich, Alena, Behar, Doron M, Gilissen, Christian, Vissers, Lisenka, Veltman, Joris A, Balanovska, Elena, Derenko, Miroslava, Malyarchuk, Boris, Metspalu, Andres, Fedorova, Sardana, Eriksson, Anders, Manica, Andrea, Mendez, Fernando L, Karafet, Tatiana M, Veeramah, Krishna R, Bradman, Neil, Hammer, Michael F, Osipova, Ludmila P, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza K, Johnsen, Knut, Remm, Maido, Thomas, Mark G, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Underhill, Peter A, Willerslev, Eske, Nielsen, Rasmus, Metspalu, Mait, Villems, Richard, and Kivisild, Toomas

Subjects
Chromosomes, Human, Y, Humans, DNA, Mitochondrial, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetics, Population, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogeny, Base Sequence, Haplotypes, Models, Genetic, Male, Genetic Variation, Racial Groups, Human Genome, Genetics, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Bioinformatics
Abstract

It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50-100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192-307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47-52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.

Published
2015

7. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans

Author

Raghavan, Maanasa, Skoglund, Pontus, Graf, Kelly E, Metspalu, Mait, Albrechtsen, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Rasmussen, Simon, Stafford Jr, Thomas W, Orlando, Ludovic, Metspalu, Ene, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Rootsi, Siiri, Mägi, Reedik, Campos, Paula F, Balanovska, Elena, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Litvinov, Sergey, Osipova, Ludmila P, Fedorova, Sardana A, Voevoda, Mikhail I, DeGiorgio, Michael, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Brunak, Søren, Demeshchenko, Svetlana, Kivisild, Toomas, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Jakobsson, Mattias, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Human Society, American Indian or Alaska Native, Minority Health, Health Disparities, Animals, Asia, Asian People, Chromosomes, Human, Y, DNA, Mitochondrial, Emigration and Immigration, Gene Flow, Genome, Human, Genome, Mitochondrial, Haplotypes, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Siberia, Skeleton, White People, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal'ta in south-central Siberia, to an average depth of 1×. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east Asians. Sequencing of another south-central Siberian, Afontova Gora-2 dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures as MA-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings reveal that western Eurasian genetic signatures in modern-day Native Americans derive not only from post-Columbian admixture, as commonly thought, but also from a mixed ancestry of the First Americans.

Published
2014

8. Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans.

Author

Raghavan, Maanasa, Skoglund, Pontus, Graf, Kelly E, Metspalu, Mait, Albrechtsen, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Rasmussen, Simon, Stafford, Thomas W, Orlando, Ludovic, Metspalu, Ene, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Rootsi, Siiri, Mägi, Reedik, Campos, Paula F, Balanovska, Elena, Balanovsky, Oleg, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Litvinov, Sergey, Osipova, Ludmila P, Fedorova, Sardana A, Voevoda, Mikhail I, DeGiorgio, Michael, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Brunak, Søren, Demeshchenko, Svetlana, Kivisild, Toomas, Villems, Richard, Nielsen, Rasmus, Jakobsson, Mattias, and Willerslev, Eske

Subjects
Skeleton, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Animals, Humans, DNA, Mitochondrial, Emigration and Immigration, Phylogeny, Haplotypes, Genome, Human, Indians, North American, Asian Continental Ancestry Group, European Continental Ancestry Group, Asia, Siberia, Male, Gene Flow, Genome, Mitochondrial, Phylogeography, Asian People, White People, American Indian or Alaska Native, Human Genome, Genetics, Asians, Whites, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The origins of the First Americans remain contentious. Although Native Americans seem to be genetically most closely related to east Asians, there is no consensus with regard to which specific Old World populations they are closest to. Here we sequence the draft genome of an approximately 24,000-year-old individual (MA-1), from Mal'ta in south-central Siberia, to an average depth of 1×. To our knowledge this is the oldest anatomically modern human genome reported to date. The MA-1 mitochondrial genome belongs to haplogroup U, which has also been found at high frequency among Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European hunter-gatherers, and the Y chromosome of MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and near the root of most Native American lineages. Similarly, we find autosomal evidence that MA-1 is basal to modern-day western Eurasians and genetically closely related to modern-day Native Americans, with no close affinity to east Asians. This suggests that populations related to contemporary western Eurasians had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 years ago than commonly thought. Furthermore, we estimate that 14 to 38% of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from this ancient population. This is likely to have occurred after the divergence of Native American ancestors from east Asian ancestors, but before the diversification of Native American populations in the New World. Gene flow from the MA-1 lineage into Native American ancestors could explain why several crania from the First Americans have been reported as bearing morphological characteristics that do not resemble those of east Asians. Sequencing of another south-central Siberian, Afontova Gora-2 dating to approximately 17,000 years ago, revealed similar autosomal genetic signatures as MA-1, suggesting that the region was continuously occupied by humans throughout the Last Glacial Maximum. Our findings reveal that western Eurasian genetic signatures in modern-day Native Americans derive not only from post-Columbian admixture, as commonly thought, but also from a mixed ancestry of the First Americans.

Published
2014

9. Reconstructing Native American population history

Author

Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Campbell, Desmond, Tandon, Arti, Mazieres, Stéphane, Ray, Nicolas, Parra, Maria V, Rojas, Winston, Duque, Constanza, Mesa, Natalia, García, Luis F, Triana, Omar, Blair, Silvia, Maestre, Amanda, Dib, Juan C, Bravi, Claudio M, Bailliet, Graciela, Corach, Daniel, Hünemeier, Tábita, Bortolini, Maria Cátira, Salzano, Francisco M, Petzl-Erler, María Luiza, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Riba, Laura, Rodríguez-Cruz, Maricela, Lopez-Alarcón, Mardia, Coral-Vazquez, Ramón, Canto-Cetina, Thelma, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma, Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos, Contreras, Alejandra V, Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo, Gómez-Vázquez, Maria José, Molina, Julio, Carracedo, Ángel, Salas, Antonio, Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Witonsky, David B, Alkorta-Aranburu, Gorka, Sukernik, Rem I, Osipova, Ludmila, Fedorova, Sardana A, Vasquez, René, Villena, Mercedes, Moreau, Claudia, Barrantes, Ramiro, Pauls, David, Excoffier, Laurent, Bedoya, Gabriel, Rothhammer, Francisco, Dugoujon, Jean-Michel, Larrouy, Georges, Klitz, William, Labuda, Damian, Kidd, Judith, Kidd, Kenneth, Di Rienzo, Anna, Freimer, Nelson B, Price, Alkes L, and Ruiz-Linares, Andrés

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, History, Heritage and Archaeology, Human Society, Historical Studies, Anthropology, American Indian or Alaska Native, Americas, Asia, Cluster Analysis, Emigration and Immigration, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, History, Ancient, Humans, Indians, North American, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Siberia, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call 'First American'. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.

Published
2012

10. Reconstructing Native American population history.

Author

Reich, David, Patterson, Nick, Campbell, Desmond, Tandon, Arti, Mazieres, Stéphane, Ray, Nicolas, Parra, Maria V, Rojas, Winston, Duque, Constanza, Mesa, Natalia, García, Luis F, Triana, Omar, Blair, Silvia, Maestre, Amanda, Dib, Juan C, Bravi, Claudio M, Bailliet, Graciela, Corach, Daniel, Hünemeier, Tábita, Bortolini, Maria Cátira, Salzano, Francisco M, Petzl-Erler, María Luiza, Acuña-Alonzo, Victor, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel, Tusié-Luna, Teresa, Riba, Laura, Rodríguez-Cruz, Maricela, Lopez-Alarcón, Mardia, Coral-Vazquez, Ramón, Canto-Cetina, Thelma, Silva-Zolezzi, Irma, Fernandez-Lopez, Juan Carlos, Contreras, Alejandra V, Jimenez-Sanchez, Gerardo, Gómez-Vázquez, Maria José, Molina, Julio, Carracedo, Angel, Salas, Antonio, Gallo, Carla, Poletti, Giovanni, Witonsky, David B, Alkorta-Aranburu, Gorka, Sukernik, Rem I, Osipova, Ludmila, Fedorova, Sardana A, Vasquez, René, Villena, Mercedes, Moreau, Claudia, Barrantes, Ramiro, Pauls, David, Excoffier, Laurent, Bedoya, Gabriel, Rothhammer, Francisco, Dugoujon, Jean-Michel, Larrouy, Georges, Klitz, William, Labuda, Damian, Kidd, Judith, Kidd, Kenneth, Di Rienzo, Anna, Freimer, Nelson B, Price, Alkes L, and Ruiz-Linares, Andrés

Subjects
Humans, Cluster Analysis, Genetics, Population, Emigration and Immigration, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Models, Genetic, History, Ancient, Indians, North American, Americas, Asia, Siberia, Gene Flow, Genetics, Population, History, Ancient, Indians, North American, Models, Genetic, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Science & Technology
Abstract

The peopling of the Americas has been the subject of extensive genetic, archaeological and linguistic research; however, central questions remain unresolved. One contentious issue is whether the settlement occurred by means of a single migration or multiple streams of migration from Siberia. The pattern of dispersals within the Americas is also poorly understood. To address these questions at a higher resolution than was previously possible, we assembled data from 52 Native American and 17 Siberian groups genotyped at 364,470 single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here we show that Native Americans descend from at least three streams of Asian gene flow. Most descend entirely from a single ancestral population that we call 'First American'. However, speakers of Eskimo-Aleut languages from the Arctic inherit almost half their ancestry from a second stream of Asian gene flow, and the Na-Dene-speaking Chipewyan from Canada inherit roughly one-tenth of their ancestry from a third stream. We show that the initial peopling followed a southward expansion facilitated by the coast, with sequential population splits and little gene flow after divergence, especially in South America. A major exception is in Chibchan speakers on both sides of the Panama isthmus, who have ancestry from both North and South America.

Published
2012

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