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This exciting new handbook investigates the characterization of surfaces. It emphasizes experimental techniques for imaging of solid surfaces and theoretical strategies for visualization of surfaces, areas in which rapid progress is currently being made. This comprehensive, unique volume is the ideal reference for researchers needing quick access to the latest developments in the field and an excellent introduction to students who want to acquaint themselves with the behavior of electrons, atoms, molecules, and thin-films at surfaces. It's all here, under one cover!The Handbook of Surface Imaging and Visualization is filled with sixty-four of the most powerful techniques for characterization of surfaces and interfaces in the material sciences, medicine, biology, geology, chemistry, and physics. Each discussion is easy to understand, succinct, yet incredibly informative. Data illustrate present research in each area of study. A wide variety of the latest experimental and theoretical approaches are included with both practical and fundamental objectives in mind. Key references are included for the reader's convenience for locating the most recent and useful work on each topic. Readers are encouraged to contact the authors or consult the references for additional information.This is the best ready reference available today. It is a perfect source book or supplemental text on the subject.

This book takes an in depth look at a novel methodology for analyzing Global Positioning System (GPS) data to obtain the highest possible resolution surface imaging of tectonic deformation sources without prescribing the nature of either the sources or the subsurface medium. GPS methods are widely used to track the surface expression of crustal deformation at tectonic plate boundaries, and are typically expressed in terms of velocity fields or strain rate fields. Vertical derivatives of horizontal stress (VDoHS) rates at the Earth's surface can also be derived from GPS velocities, and VDoHS rates provide much higher resolution information about subsurface deformation sources than velocities or strain rates. In particular, VDoHS rates allow for high precision estimates of fault dips, slip rates and locking depths, as well as objective characterization of previously unknown (or hidden) tectonic deformation zones.

Based on hospital clinical trials examining the use of signal and image processing techniques, Surface Imaging for Biomedical Applications bridges the gap between engineers and clinicians. This text offers a thorough analysis of biomedical surface imaging to medical practitioners as it relates to the diagnosis, detection, and monitoring of skin con

Advances in Optical and Electron Microscopy, Volume 11 compiles papers on the important developments in optical and electron microscopy. This book discusses the instrumentation and operation for high-resolution electron microscopy; diffraction pattern and camera length; and electron microscopy of surface structure. The history of surface imaging by conventional transmission electron microscopy; ion probe microscopy; and secondary ion mass spectrometry with high lateral resolution are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the acoustic microscopy; quantitative methods; biological applications and near-surface imaging of solids; and interior imaging. This publication is a beneficial to students and individuals researching on optical and electron microscopy.

Surface-Functionalized Ceramics Focused coverage of making and using functional ceramic materials for a wide variety of scientific and technical applications Surface-Functionalized Ceramics provides a comprehensive overview of surface functionalization approaches for ceramic materials, including alumina, zirconia, titania, and silica, and their uses as sensors, chemical, and biological probes, chromatographic supports for (bio)molecule purification and analysis, and adsorbents for toxic substances and pollutants. Overall, the text provides a broad picture of the enormous possibilities offered by surface functionalization and addresses the current challenges regarding surface analysis, characterization, and stability. As a well-rounded resource, the text points out opportunities of surface-functionalized ceramics, their issues such as achieving surface stability and complex analysis, and how to counter them. Edited by two experts in the field of advanced materials surfaces, Surface-Functionalized Ceramics covers topics such as: Processing methods for advanced ceramics, surface modification of ceramic materials, and methods for electrokinetic surface characteristics Surface imaging and chemical surface analysis using atomic force microscopy Surface chemical analysis and ceramic-enhanced analytics Biological and living matter-surface interactions including protein adsorption mechanisms as well as bacteria behavior in terms of biofilm formation and prevention for antibacterial applications Mesoporous silica and organosilica biosensors for water quality and environmental monitoring, plus ceramic-based adsorbents in bioproduct recovery and purification For professionals, researchers, and academics in the fields of materials science, biotechnology, biotechnological industry, environmental sciences, and ceramics industry, Surface-Functionalized Ceramics is a one-stop reference on the subject that provides different approaches to obtain surfaces of ceramic materials that perform desired functions.

In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.

Rinvenuto casualmente da pescatori di spugne nel 1901 al largo dell'isola greca di cui porta il nome, il meccanismo di Anticitera si presentava come un insieme di resti corrosi e malconci di un dispositivo a ingranaggi risalente all'antica Grecia. Dal giorno della scoperta a oggi, gli esperti sono riusciti a ricostruirne la struttura e il funzionamento, combinando osservazione diretta, strumenti radiografici sempre più potenti e surface imaging. Il meccanismo riproduceva di fatto l'universo così come lo concepivano i Greci, era una macchina dotata di una mezza dozzina di quadranti per illustrare le orbite nello spazio di Sole, Luna e pianeti, e i conseguenti cicli del tempo. Nella Macchina del cosmo, il meccanismo di Anticitera diventa la chiave per capire l'astronomia e la tecnologia dell'antica Grecia e il loro ruolo nel contesto socioculturale grecoromano. Considerato a lungo un congegno eccentrico per l'epoca, le ricerche più recenti hanno mostrato che si tratta in realtà di una macchina del cosmo concepita in tarda età ellenistica sulla base di raffinate, consolidate e diffuse conoscenze meccaniche e astronomiche. Oltre a essere un capolavoro nel genere delle macchine strabilianti, create per imitare la natura senza rivelare il proprio funzionamento allo spettatore, il meccanismo era anche una sorta di manuale animato di divulgazione scientifica.

From the Dead Sea Scrolls to the Terracotta Army, ancient artifacts have long fascinated the modern world. However, the importance of some discoveries is not always immediately understood. This was the case in 1901 when sponge divers retrieved a lump of corroded bronze from a shipwreck at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea near the Greek island of Antikythera. Little did the divers know they had found the oldest known analog computer in the world, an astonishing device that once simulated the motions of the stars and planets as they were understood by ancient Greek astronomers. Its remains now consist of 82 fragments, many of them containing gears and plates engraved with Greek words, that scientists and scholars have pieced back together through painstaking inspection and deduction, aided by radiographic tools and surface imaging. More than a century after its discovery, many of the secrets locked in this mysterious device can now be revealed. In addition to chronicling the unlikely discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism, author Alexander Jones takes readers through a discussion of how the device worked, how and for what purpose it was created, and why it was on a ship that wrecked off the Greek coast around 60 BC. What the Mechanism has uncovered about Greco-Roman astronomy and scientific technology, and their place in Greek society, is truly amazing. The mechanical know-how that it embodied was more advanced than anything the Greeks were previously thought capable of, but the most recent research has revealed that its displays were designed so that an educated layman could understand the behavior of astronomical phenomena, and how intertwined they were with one's natural and social environment. It was at once a masterpiece of machinery as well as one of the first portable teaching devices. Written by a world-renowned expert on the Mechanism, A Portable Cosmos will fascinate all readers interested in ancient history, archaeology, and the history of science.

Today, an individual would be hard-pressed to find any science field that does not employ methods and instruments based on the use of fine focused electron and ion beams. Well instrumented and supplemented with advanced methods and techniques, SEMs provide possibilities not only of surface imaging but quantitative measurement of object topologies, local electrophysical characteristics of semiconductor structures and performing elemental analysis. Moreover, a fine focused e-beam is widely used for the creation of micro and nanostructures. The book's approach covers both theoretical and practical issues related to scanning electron microscopy. The book has 41 chapters, divided into six sections: Instrumentation, Methodology, Biology, Medicine, Material Science, Nanostructured Materials for Electronic Industry, Thin Films, Membranes, Ceramic, Geoscience, and Mineralogy. Each chapter, written by different authors, is a complete work which presupposes that readers have some background knowledge on the subject.

Computer vision encompasses the construction of integrated vision systems and the application of vision to problems of real-world importance. The process of creating 3D models is still rather difficult, requiring mechanical measurement of the camera positions or manual alignment of partial 3D views of a scene. However using algorithms, it is possible to take a collection of stereo-pair images of a scene and then automatically produce a photo-realistic, geometrically accurate digital 3D model. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the methods, theories and algorithms of 3D computer vision. Almost every theoretical issue is underpinned with practical implementation or a working algorithm using pseudo-code and complete code written in C++ and MatLab®. There is the additional clarification of an accompanying website with downloadable software, case studies and exercises. Organised in three parts, Cyganek and Siebert give a brief history of vision research, and subsequently: present basic low-level image processing operations for image matching, including a separate chapter on image matching algorithms; explain scale-space vision, as well as space reconstruction and multiview integration; demonstrate a variety of practical applications for 3D surface imaging and analysis; provide concise appendices on topics such as the basics of projective geometry and tensor calculus for image processing, distortion and noise in images plus image warping procedures. An Introduction to 3D Computer Vision Algorithms and Techniques is a valuable reference for practitioners and programmers working in 3D computer vision, image processing and analysis as well as computer visualisation. It would also be of interest to advanced students and researchers in the fields of engineering, computer science, clinical photography, robotics, graphics and mathematics.

Within nanoscience, an emerging discipline is the study of the physics and chemistry of single molecules. Molecules may be considered as the ultimate building blocks, and are therefore interesting for the development of molecular devices and for surface functionalization. Thus, it is interesting to study their properties when adsorbed on a suitable substrate such as a solid or crystal surface, and also for their potential applications in nano- or molecular-electronics and nanosensing. Investigations have been made possible by the advent of high resolution surface imaging and characterization techniques, commonly referred to as Scanning Probe Microscopes.This book focuses on the fascinating properties of the single molecules, and the difference between single molecules and ensembles of molecules is emphasized. As the first book intended for graduate courses in the field, after each chapter, students should be able to answer the question: “What physical or chemical properties do you learn from a single molecule in this particular context?” Contributed by experts across the disciplines, the book provides useful reference material for specialized practitioners in surface science, nanoscience and nanoelectronics.

Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, Seventh Edition is the ultimate reference for the latest clinical techniques and research findings that direct evidence-based clinical practice and research for lactation consultants and specialists. It contains everything a nurse, lactation consultant, midwife, women's health nurse practitioner, physician assistant, or Ob/Gyn needs to know about lactation care and science. Topics include placing breastfeeding in its historical context, workplace-related issues, anatomical and biological imperatives of lactation, the prenatal and perinatal periods and concerns during the postpartum period, the mother's health, sociocultural issues, and more vital information.

Titan After Cassini-Huygens is the most up-to-date and comprehensive coverage of our knowledge on Titan, including results and insights from the joint NASA/European Space Agency/Italian Space Agency mission Cassini-Huygens and the conclusions drawn by experts following detailed analysis of the mission data. Our knowledge of Titan has increased substantially due to observations from the Cassini-Huygens mission, which ended in 2017. Since then, observations from Earth, as well as laboratory and theoretical studies, have continued to add to our knowledge. These conclusions, combined with the latest ground-based and theoretical research, provide the most recent understanding of the science of Titan, covering the origin and evolution of Titan, its magnetic and plasma environment, surface, interior structure, geology, atmosphere, and the astrobiological potential for the oceans on the moon.The first book of the new COSPAR book series, Titan After Cassini-Huygens, is an integral reference for scientists, researchers, and academics working on Titan or ocean worlds. Part of the COSPAR Book SeriesEdited by Jean-Louis Fellous, former Executive Director of COSPAR (Committee on Space Research; 2008–2019) - Details the total knowledge of Titan from Cassini-Huygens and subsequent observations from Earth, as well as laboratory and theoretical studies from the last decade - Covers all aspects of Titan, including origin and evolution, magnetic and plasma environment, surface, interior structure, geology, atmospheric science and astrobiological potential - Provides detailed, referenceable data from investigators of the Cassini spacecraft and Huygens probe, as well as the ALMA radio telescope observatory

In an era of public Mars fascination, this book offers an objective presentation of the challenges of crewed Mars missions and discusses scenarios of Mars settlements under scientific, technical, social, economic, ethical and political aspects. With the aim to make the reader comprehend what is plausible and what is at stake, the book tries to clarify misconceptions and half-truths spreading rapidly in the public. The authors argue that approximations and misinformation should be countered for two main reasons. First, to avoid missing out on the benefits that Mars exploration may bring, including major scientific discoveries and an inspiring, federative human endeavor. Second, to remediate dangerous delusions – such as the idea that humanity could be transferred there should the Earth become inhabitable in the near term. In preparation for this book a group of European, world-renowned scientists from fields as diverse as astronomy, planetology, geology, biology, philosophy, or economics, as well as astronauts and science-fiction writers, was gathered to discuss Mars missions ranging from near-term robotic missions, all the way to large-scale settlements and even the feasibility of terraforming. For each, they draw arguments from their domains of expertise to discuss what is feasible and what is desirable. The result provides researchers with an objective review of the field, policy makers with a reference to make informed decisions, and the general public with a tool to form educated opinions.

Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future (ICAMBF2023)Selected peer-reviewed full text papers from the 8th International Conference on Advanced Material for Better Future (ICAMBF2023), October 19, 2023, Surakarta, Indonesia

It is written in a lucid style with the most recent advances and with theoretical discussions being supplemented with illustrations, and tables for easy understanding of the subject. This book deals with some of the emerging topics on the challenge of cultural assets conservation and the application of different scientific approaches to the common goal of the conservation of cultural heritage. This book would be an invaluable asset for the students and teachers working in the field of conservation science and museum laboratories.

It is written in a lucid style with the most recent advances, and with theoretical discussions being supplemented with illustrations, and tables for easy understanding of the subject. It is the perfect text for understanding the mechanics of how the molecules of life are made. The book is also supported with a comprehensive glossary and index in the end. This book is invaluable to students, teachers and researchers in physics, biophysics and medical physics.

In this comprehensive and cutting-edge volume, Qureshi and Jeon bring together experts from around the world to explore the potential of artificial intelligence models in research and discuss the potential benefits and the concerns and challenges that the rapid development of this field has raised.The international chapter contributor group provides a wealth of technical information on different aspects of AI, including key aspects of AI, deep learning and machine learning models for AI, natural language processing and computer vision, reinforcement learning, ethics and responsibilities, security, practical implementation, and future directions. The contents are balanced in terms of theory, methodologies, and technical aspects, and contributors provide case studies to clearly illustrate the concepts and technical discussions throughout. Readers will gain valuable insights into how AI can revolutionize their work in fields including data analytics and pattern identification, healthcare research, social science research, and more, and improve their technical skills, problem-solving abilities, and evidence-based decision-making. Additionally, they will be cognizant of the limitations and challenges, the ethical implications, and security concerns related to language models, which will enable them to make more informed choices regarding their implementation.This book is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and graduate students who want to understand AI models, recent trends in the area, and technical and ethical aspects of AI. Companies involved in AI development or implementing AI in various fields will also benefit from the book's discussions on both the technical and ethical aspects of this rapidly growing field.

The aim of this book is to cover the domain of craniofacial surgery focusing on neurological and neurosurgical issues. It will offer neurosurgeons and allied specialists a practical way to manage these complex and common malformations in a timely and appropriate way. At the same time, they will be provided the knowledge necessary to understand the functional aspects of these diseases, their anatomical and dynamic impact on the underlying cerebral and vascular structures as well as the cerebrospinal fluid pathways, to overcome the limits of the mere morphological and esthetical correction. Written by experts in the field, the book will represent a reference resource not only for pediatric neurosurgeons and plastic and reconstructive maxillofacial surgeons, but also for all neurosurgeons, residents, and fellows working in this area.

This is an authoritative and comprehensive reference for understanding clinical photography and improving the reader's ability to hone their skills and knowledge.The book first explores the rationale for clinical photography before going on to provide a practical guide to equipment selection, standardized techniques and digital workflows in a range of settings, from the professional studio to the DIY enthusiast, whilst also including telemedicine.Written and edited by three of the UK's most experienced and qualified clinical photographers, with additional chapters written by other specialists, it is richly illustrated with numerous example images and suggested protocols and covers basic photographic theory, suitable equipment, digital image workflow and a major chapter on standardized representational photography, the cornerstone of professional clinical photography.Some medical specialties are covered in detail, including dermatology, dental and oral medicine, pediatrics, orthopedics, telemedicine and photography in surgery and the operating room. As well as a practical guide to clinical photography, the book also discusses the legal, moral and ethical contexts within which photography in medicine operates and, for the first time, explores the societal, cultural and religious factors for practicing in today's digitally literate, multicultural world.This book will provide a valuable resource for biomedical photography students, practitioners and clinicians interested in developing their photography skills and applying them to medicine.

There is a growing interest in applying the UN's sustainable development goals to a variety of sectors. One can use certain principles of green chemistry in the emerging fields of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The green chemistry approach focuses on the creation of nanodimensional materials that have a low environmental impact, are cost-effective, and have no negative consequences on the environment. This book aims to summarise the different alternative green chemical routes. Furthermore, the book describes the use of nano-dimensional materials for sustainable energy generation and environmental remediation applications.

Piezoelectric materials are smart materials that sense changes in the environment, respond to these changes in predetermined stimuli, and act as combined sensor/actuator ceramic materials. Nonlinear electrostrictive relaxors (PLZT and PMN) are smart piezoelectric ceramics that respond to changes in their environment by reacting and tuning one or more of their properties to optimize their behavior. Multifunctionality is a key concept of such materials, which can be exploited with all ingenuity in the miniaturization and integration of modern devices that design engineers can muster. Present market trends show that the future for piezoelectric ceramics is bright, and these devices will become smarter and smarter as technological applications demand. More and more piezoelectric ceramic materials will emerge as a result of the relentless drive to meet the trends of applications.This book encourages more materials research efforts to develop better ferroelectric and electrostrictive ceramics for future applications and discusses several methods based on their cost and applications. Each chapter in the book is unique as it is written by eminent authors from various renowned institutions who share their research experiences on electrically active smart and very smart materials. The book presents bulk, thick-film, and thin-film forms of these materials that have now proved their worth and constitute a strong portfolio for future applications in electronics.

3D bioprinting is an emerging innovative technology that involves the fabrication of essential 3D functional biomedical constructs by combining cells and biomaterials with vital growth and differentiation factors. It aims to replicate the natural tissue milieu and holds great promise in fields like tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, drug development and testing, precision medicine, etc. 3D bioprinted disease-specific models help to study, screen the treatment methods and understand the mechanism of action. In personalized medicine, patient-specific tissue and organ constructs can be developed for specific surgeries and treatments tailored to a patient's unique anatomy and genetics. 3D functional tissue construct addresses the problem of organ shortage as it lowers the risk of rejection of tissues and organs. The technique also replaces the need to experiment on animals and improves the accuracy of pre-clinical studies to test the safety and efficacy of new drugs in bioprinted tissues.This book provides comprehensive coverage of the application of 3D bioprinting technology. It is a collection of contributions by experts with cutting-edge know-how. The book is meant for medical practitioners, pharma companies, CROs, product developers, students, researchers, academicians, policymakers and practitioners.

Sample Handling and Trace Analysis of Pollutants: Innovations to Determine Organic Contaminants, Second Edition reviews the latest technologies and challenges in trace analysis of environmental pollutants, from selecting the right approach to tips for performing analytic procedures and measuring and reporting results. Written by internationally renowned experts in environmental analysis from 5 continents and edited by leaders in the field, this completely updated and revised volume presents the latest techniques developed over the past 10 years, such as high-resolution mass spectrometry, biosensors and imaging techniques. Important tools for problem-solving in the determination of environmental pollutants are also discussed.Chapters cover emerging pollutants in the environment, such as nanomaterials, microplastics, metabolites and/or transformation products and antimicrobial resistances. Specific sections describe field sampling techniques and sample preparation in environmental matrices: air, water, soil, sediment and biota, focus on passive samplers, cover the determination of these environmental contaminants based on analytical techniques, such as the use of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, immunoassays, and biosensors as well as advanced analytical methods such as imaging techniques. - Discusses techniques ranging from chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, to emerging areas such as nanotechnology, immunoassays and biosensors - Covers the characteristics, advantages, limitations and potential of each technique and the current strategies in each method's development and validation - Outlines practical solutions to challenging problems in the analysis of pollutants in environmental matrices, including how to combine techniques for improved efficacy

#1 New York Times Bestseller! Get thousands of facts at your fingertips with this essential resource: sports, pop culture, science and technology, U.S. history and government, world geography, business, and so much more.The World Almanac® is America's bestselling reference book of all time, with more than 83 million copies sold. For more than 150 years, this compendium of information has been the authoritative source for school, library, business, and home. The 2025 edition of The World Almanac reviews the biggest events of 2024 and will be your go-to source for questions on any topic in the upcoming year. Praised as a “treasure trove of political, economic, scientific and educational statistics and information” by The Wall Street Journal, The World Almanac and Book of Facts will answer all of your trivia needs effortlessly.Features include:Special Feature: Election 2024: The World Almanac provides a comprehensive look at the entire 2024 election process, from the roller coaster of the early primaries to Vice Pres. Harris's unprecedented late candidacy to state and county presidential voting results and coverage of House, Senate, and gubernatorial races.2024—Top 10 News Topics: The editors of The World Almanac list the top stories that held the world's attention in 2024, from Gaza and Ukraine to the U.S. southern border. 2024—Year in Sports: Hundreds of pages of trivia and statistics that are essential for any sports fan, featuring complete coverage of the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris and the 2024 World Series. 2024—Year in Pictures: Striking full-color images from around the world in 2024, covering news, entertainment, science, and sports. 2024—Offbeat News Stories: The World Almanac editors found some of the strangest news stories of the year, from a contest for competitive mermaids to a library-sponsored'March Meowness.'World Almanac Editors'Picks: Time Capsule: The World Almanac lists the items that most came to symbolize the year 2024. The World at a Glance: This annual feature of The World Almanac provides a quick look at the surprising stats and curious facts that define the changing world. Other Highlights: More new data to help understand the world, including housing costs, immigration statistics, public schools and test scores, streaming TV and movie ratings, and much more.

Comets III brings a comprehensive update to the latest breakthroughs in comet science over the last twenty years and showcases how recent space missions and advancements in telescopic observations have revolutionized our understanding of these celestial bodies. With the contributions of more than eighty authors spanning twenty-five chapters, Comets III investigates the early solar system origins of comets and the clues provided by the composition and distribution of their present population for their long-term dynamical evolution and interrelations with other members of the solar system. Organized thematically, each section is designed to enable connections across disciplinary boundaries in both planetary science and planetary formation astrophysics. This comprehensive volume explores recent advancements in space missions, telescopic observations, and robotic surveys, providing new understandings of the origins and dynamics of comets. Intended for both researchers and students, Comets III offers insights into unresolved questions and sets the stage for future advancements.

The five-volume set constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Life System Modeling and Simulation, LSMS 2024, and of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent Computing for Sustainable Energy and Environment, ICSEE 2024, which were held during September 13-15, in Suzhou, China. The 29 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from over 496 submissions. The LSMS and ICSEE international conference series aim to bring together international researchers and practitioners in the fields of advanced methods for life system modeling and simulation, as well as advanced intelligent computing theory, methodologies, and engineering applications in achieving net zero across all sectors to tackle the global climate change challenge.

In the vast landscape of medical literature, we now have a groundbreaking book that unveils the intricate details of our body's inner workings. In Vivo Microscopy takes readers on a captivating journey through the microscopic realms of organs and systems, offering unprecedented insights into the new technologies that allow the visualization of tissues at a cellular level.Authored by leading experts in the field, this comprehensive guide delves into the cellular mechanisms of various organs, shedding light on the microscopic events underpinning the full spectrum of disease processes, especially inflammatory conditions and cancer. In vivo microscopy allows the visualization of living tissues in real-time. This allows us to explore the dynamic interaction of cells and their microenvironment, providing a profound understanding of the manifestations of each of these conditions.In Vivo Microscopy not only educates but also inspires. Its rich visuals, coupled with compelling narratives, make it an enthralling read for anyone with an interest in the microanatomy of the human body and the novel technologies the book details. It also serves as a valuable resource for healthcare professionals seeking to deepen their understanding of the pathologic basis of disease, as well as for researchers aiming to uncover novel therapeutic targets.As we continue to unravel the complexities of our body, this book serves as a guiding light, encouraging us to investigate the microscopic universe within and paving the way for advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

Maritime infrastructures are fundamental to the working of societies and economies. They play a crucial role in supply, with 90% of commercial trade exchanges carried out worldwide handled by the maritime industry, in the functioning of the economy, the maintenance of mobility and the deployment of renewable energies. For the past decade, the attention of developed democratic nations has been focused on the protection of vital terrestrial objects, but less attention has been paid to critical maritime infrastructures and the need to increase their resilience. This book, Modern Technologies Enabling Innovative Methods for Maritime Monitoring and Strengthening Resilience in Maritime Critical Infrastructures, presents 23 papers delivered at the NATO Advanced Training Course (ATC) hosted in hybrid format from 15-20 January 2024 in Agadir, Morocco. The aim of the ATC was to cover the problem of monitoring critical maritime infrastructure in an interdisciplinary manner, and it was attended by researchers and students, security officers, stakeholders, and experts in tackling terrorism or other violent threats. The ATC was divided into 4 blocks: general aspects of strengthening the resilience of maritime critical infrastructure; unmanned systems (USs) and sensor network technology; monitoring, data analysis and structural modeling; and cybersecurity and protection of IT maritime infrastructures. There was also one practical session. The book covers many ways in which unmanned systems, sensor networks and other digital technologies can be used to monitor threats to maritime critical infrastructure, and will be of interest to all those working in the field.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer. Human Papillomavirus Infections in Dermatovenereology pulls together the diverse disciplines of clinical, molecular biological, socio epidemiological, and immunological research to bridge the gap between the clinical aspects and basic biology of HPV. This volume provides a much-needed overview of the scientific and clinical data of HPV and HPV-associated diseases, exploring opinions on current therapies and diagnostic methods. It critically reviews the most frequently used molecular biologic methods, evaluating their potential in HPV detection. Specialists in dermatology, genitourinary medicine, gynecology, urology, as well as pathologists, microbiologists, epidemiologists, and virologists will appreciate this timely examination of the ubiquitous pathogen, HPV.

There has been an exponential growth in the number of research papers published in recent decades in the field of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, making it difficult to identify the key papers that have truly changed practice in plastic surgery. This book provides readers with a concise reference source for the key papers that underpin contemporary surgical practice and covers all aspects of the specialty, with the content being helpful for both trainees and specialists to understand the scientific developments and pioneering surgeries that allow expert surgeons to practice as they currently do. By exploring the ground-breaking papers in Plastic Surgery, readers can gain insights into the evolution of the field and learn valuable lessons on how to innovate. For trainees preparing for board or exit exams, such as the FRCS (Plast), this book serves as an invaluable reference source and revision guide, providing access to key landmark studies. It presents over 50 key research studieson plastic surgery along with full analysis and additional commentaries from experts and world-renowned authority figures in Plastic Surgery. It provides a valuable perspective on why the study is important, constituting essential reading for busy professionals as well as trainees, residents and fellows, and surgeons studying for professional examinations while distilling all the literature into a compact guide on the must-know scientific articles.

This laboratory reference compiles the essential protocols used in cyanobacterial research. Cyanobacteria is a model system for biofuel production and sequestration of carbon dioxide to tackle global climate change due to increasing levels of greenhouse gases. Topics range from identification and growth parameters to biomolecule estimation and isolation. It also covers genome analysis and bioengineering of cyanobacteria for novel products.Key Features: Provides step-by-step procedures and troubleshooting tips Covers identification, growth parameters and pigment estimation methodologies Describes isolation, characterization and purification of microcystin, phycobiliproteins and scytonemin from cyanobacteria Discusses genomics, proteomics and bioengineering of cyanobacteria from novel products Explains sample preparation and visualization protocol for electron microscopy-based analysis of cyanobacteria This collection is useful to students and researchers in life sciences. It is also meant for industry experts who are involved in the production of biofuels, biofertilizers, other value-added products, and carbon sequestration using cyanobacteria.

3D Printing in Radiation Oncology: Personalization of Patient Treatment Through Digital Fabrication presents a comprehensive and practical view of the many forms in which 3D printing is being integrated into radiation oncology practice. Radiation oncology employs among the most sophisticated digital technologies in medicine. Until recently, however, the “last mile” of treatment has required manually produced or generic devices for patient set up, positioning, control of surface dose, and delivery of brachytherapy treatment. 3D printing is already offering enhancements in both precision and efficiency through the digital design and fabrication of patient photon and electron bolus, customized surface and gynecological brachytherapy applicators, proton beam compensators and range shifters, patient immobilization, novel radiation detectors, and phantoms. Various innovations are disrupting decades-old practices in radiation therapy (RT) facilities, resulting in vital improvements in personalization of treatment and patient experience.An essential read for radiation oncologists, medical physicists, radiation therapists, oncology nurses, hospital administrators, engineers, and medical educators, this book is an indispensable resource for those bringing 3D printing to the RT clinic, looking to expand the role of 3D printing in their practice, or embarking upon related research and development.

This conference attracts GN&C specialists from across the globe. The 2022 Conference was the 44th Annual GN&C conference with more than 230 attendees from six different countries with 44 companies and 28 universities represented. The conference presented more than 100 presentations and 16 posters across 18 topics. This year, the planning committee wanted to continue a focus on networking and collaboration hoping to inspire innovation through the intersection of diverse ideas. These proceedings present the relevant topics of the day while keeping our more popular and well-attended sessions as cornerstones from year to year. Several new topics including “Autonomous Control of Multiple Vehicles” and “Results and Experiences from OSIRIS-REx” were directly influenced by advancements in our industry. In the end, the 44th Annual GN&C conference became a timely reflection of the current state of the GN&C ins the space industry.The annual American Astronautical Society Rocky Mountain Guidance, Navigation and Control (GN&C) Conference began 1977 as an informal exchange of ideas and reports of achievements among guidance and control specialists local to the Colorado area. Bud Gates, Don Parsons, and Bob Culp organized the first conference, and began the annual series of meetings the following winter. In March 1978, the First Annual Rocky Mountain Guidance and Control Conference met at Keystone, Colorado. It met there for eighteen years, moving to Breckenridge in 1996 where it has been for over 25 years.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the role of exosomes in brain diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and depression. It covers the basics of exosome biogenesis, composition, and synthesis, as well as the therapeutic potential of exosomes in brain disorders. The correlation between exosomes and neuroinflammation, the challenges of using exosomes as a novel carrier, and engineered exosomes to deliver therapeutic protein are covered well in this book. Use of radiolabelled exosomes as a diagnostic tool and the toxicity studies of exosomes with potential overcome approaches. It is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and healthcare professionals working in the field of exosome research, especially on its applications in brain disorders.

This publication is a compillion of the articles published in the BrewingScience bimonthly online journal in 2023. Aside from the more conventional subjects of barley, malt and hops as well as of wort and beer quality, some novel areas of research emerged this year, including the implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the process of kilning hops, the substitution of malt with residual ingredients from the baking industry, the impact of fermantation conditions on ethanol production using exotic'ca na'fruit, and much more.

Smart nanomaterials are making their presence ever so noticeable in areas like environmental protection and remediation, as well as in many other fields of study. The international team of expert researchers behind Smart Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications aims to spotlight the latest, rapid developments in the design and manipulation of materials at the nanoscale and to concisely present information regarding their novel methods of utilization for the safeguard of the environment, while at the same time apprising readers of challenges encountered and anticipated prospects. The volume illustrates state-of-the-art, actionable content, which is relevant and extremely valuable for those who want to apply this up-to-date knowledge in industry too. - Offers fundamentals of smart nanomaterials, including characterization, design, and fabrication methods - Includes advanced information on fine-tuning different morphologies of smart nanomaterials - Features three case studies on real-life applications of smart nanomaterials

Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition, 13-vol set, consolidates and enhances the most up-to-date literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Coverage encompasses solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing. Additional discussion includes plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Building and expanding on the previous edition, it includes recent developments and advances in the field, such as updated processing technologies, costs and characterizations. This new edition will also explore sustainability and environmental impact of materials processing in greater detail. Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition will serve as a valuable, one-stop resource to students, academics, and researchers in the fields of engineering and materials science, as well as those in adjacent fields. Industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive resource. - Updated to include recent developments in the field, such as updated processing technologies and costs - Explores sustainability and the environmental impact of materials - Includes practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality - Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information into one concise resource with consistently formatted chapters

Digital Pathology: Implementation in Clinical Practice with AI Applications covers digital pathology applications in a clinical pathology laboratory setting, providing guidance and various tools for practical implementation. This comprehensive and detailed description of nuts and bolts of digital pathology implementation is unique and comes from the experience of high throughput scanning from a large surgical pathology laboratory. This is a valuable reference to prepare the end users not only about thoughtful launch of digital pathology but also to prepare for the future use of AI mediated decision support tools as the field advances. This book covers the entire range of this topic and can be used as a practical reference for individuals that wish to be part of the evolution of diagnostic pathology. Sections include pre-analytic, analytic, and post-analytic processes, encompassing hardware, software, space, staffing, quality control, laboratory information system applications, clinical validation, use cases and future applications, including computer assisted diagnosis and decision support tools. - Provides detailed aspects of the implementation of digital pathology in the clinical laboratory, including machine learning/artificial intelligence tools - Presents examples of how digital imaging and AI are drivers in research and development in radiology, with parallels to situations in pathology - Includes best practices and guidelines that can be practically applied by pathologists and data scientists

Designing Advanced Respiratory Protective Devices for Pandemics: Performance, Mechanism and Future Perspectives identifies emerging and critical issues that directly or indirectly influence the protective performance of Respiratory Protective Devices (RPDs), along with important future research directions. The severity of the COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the vital role of respiratory protection provided by PPE (and RPD) in novel infectious respiratory disease control. A wealth of recent research on coronavirus mitigation measures is combined with prior information on infectious diseases, RPDs, and human physiological and psychological responses to make this a fundamental resource on recent advances, innovative perspectives on respiratory protection, and new applications. The effectiveness of such disease control measures rely greatly on the performance of the RPD, user compliance, and proper use. Only an interdisciplinary approach to this issue can lead to success. - Combines introductory material on the nature of infectious disease and mechanisms of respiratory protection with cutting-edge research - Examines the different material properties that lead to successful RPDs, including breathability, comfort, and recyclability - Explains different methods for RPD test, evaluation, and approval from regulatory agencies worldwide

Catalysis in Confined Frameworks Understanding the synthesis and applications of porous solid catalysts Heterogeneous catalysis is a catalytic process in which catalysts and reactants exist in different phases. Heterogeneous catalysis with solid catalysts proceeds through the absorption of substrates and reagents which are liquid or gas, and this is largely dependent on the accessible surface area of the solid which can generate active reaction sites. The synthesis of porous solids is an increasingly productive approach to generating solid catalysts with larger accessible surface area, allowing more efficient catalysis. Catalysis in Confined Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of synthesis and use of porous solids as heterogeneous catalysts. It provides detailed analysis of pore engineering, a thorough characterization of the advantages and disadvantages of porous solids as heterogeneous catalysts, and an extensive discussion of applications. The result is a foundational introduction to a cutting-edge field. Catalysis in Confined Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications readers will also find: An editorial team comprised of international experts with extensive experience Detailed discussion of catalyst classes including zeolites, mesoporous aluminosilicates, and more A special focus on size selective catalysis Catalysis in Confined Frameworks: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications is an essential reference for catalytic chemists, organic chemists, materials scientists, physical chemists, and any researchers or industry professionals working with heterogeneous catalysis.

Materials for Electronics Security and Assurance reviews the properties of materials that could enable devices that are resistant to tampering and manipulation. The book discusses recent advances in materials synthesis and characterization techniques for security applications. Topics addressed include anti-reverse engineering, detection, prevention, track and trace, fingerprinting, obfuscation, and how materials could enable these security solutions. The book introduces opportunities and challenges and provides a clear direction of the requirements for material-based solutions to address electronics security challenges. It is suitable for materials scientists and engineers who seek to enable future research directions, current computer and hardware security engineers who want to enable materials selection, and as a way to inspire cross-collaboration between both communities. - Discusses materials as enablers to provide electronics assurance, counterfeit detection/protection, and fingerprinting - Provides an overview of benefits and challenges of materials-based security solutions to inspire future materials research directions - Includes an introduction to material perspectives on hardware security to enable cross collaboration between materials, design, and testing

This new edition elucidates the radiation therapy protocols and procedures for the management of adult patients presenting with primary benign and malignant central nervous system tumors. With the development of new treatment strategies and rapid advancement of radiation technology, it is crucial for radiation oncologists to maintain and refine their knowledge and skills. Dedicated exclusively to adult CNS radiation oncology, this textbook explores CNS tumors ranging from the common to the esoteric as well as secondary cancers of metastatic origin. The first half of the book is organized anatomically: tumors of the brain, spinal cord, leptomeninges, optic pathway, ocular choroid, and skull base. The second half covers primary CNS lymphoma, rare CNS tumors, metastatic brain disease, vascular conditions of the CNS, radiation-associated complications, and radiation modalities. This new edition is updated throughout and includes several new chapters, including: palliative radiation therapy for leptomeningeal disease, preoperative treatment for brain metastases, advanced neuroimaging for brain tumors, and MR-LINAC for brain tumors. Each chapter provides guidance on treatment field design, target delineation, and normal critical structure tolerance constraints in the context of the disease being treated. Learning objectives, case studies, and Maintenance of Certification Self-Assessment Continuing Medical Education-style questions and answers are incorporated throughout the book. This is an ideal guide for radiation oncologists, residents, and fellows, but medical students may also find value in the text.

This book presents select proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG 2024). It includes papers on ground improvement methodologies, dynamics of transportation infrastructure, and geotechnical intricacies of mega projects. It covers topics such as underground transportation systems and heights of airfields and pavements. This book discusses diverse thematic landscapes, offering profound explorations into sensor technologies, data analytics, and machine learning applications. The publication highlights advanced practices, latest developments, and efforts to foster collaboration, innovation, and sustainable solutions for transportation infrastructure worldwide. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in transportation geotechnics.

The book provides sound knowledge of 3D imaging of dentofacial craniofacial region. It guides the students and faculty for understanding the dentofacial craniofacial region in depth. It incorporates the latest techniques, frameworks and technologies in the imaging area of oral health. The book emphasizes on the dentofacial and craniofacial region and thus fills the gap in the medical imaging literature. The development in this book is not only on the imaging techniques but also emphasis will be on the three-dimensional (3D) frameworks to deal the patients for their diagnosis and treatment planning. The chapters of this book are designed in such a way that the readers may get the complete package of the exploration of the imaging clinical applications of craniofacial areas. This book will be helpful not only for the students and faculty but also for the researchers working in the relevant areas.This book will provide easy, simple way but the most authentic material to learn the craniofacial region imaging. In this manual we will incorporates authentic, internationally accepted terms and definition. To make it interesting and simple, our approach is to incorporate the material in systematic manner in a simple and easy way by incorporating maximum illustrations and flowcharts. This book provides sound knowledge of various advanced technologies for dentist imaging. This book will highlights the importance and explore the current research in the dentofacial and craniofacial areas.

This two-volume set showcases the various ways in which geospatial technology can be used to achieve sustainable development goals across different sectors such as urban planning, natural resource management, agriculture, disaster management, and energy management. The books provide insights into the potential of geospatial technology in promoting sustainable development practices and addressing challenges related to climate change, environmental degradation, and socio-economic development. Both volumes together are a comprehensive guide that showcases the potential of geospatial technology in promoting sustainable development practices across different sectors, and will serve as an essential resource for professionals, policymakers, researchers, and students interested in sustainable development and geospatial technology. Volume 1 introduces the intertwined realms of sustainable development and geospatial technology. It navigates readers through the fundamental principles of sustainable development, exploring its goals and the pivotal role geospatial technology plays in its realization. Beginning with an overview of these critical concepts, it subsequently dives into the core foundations of geospatial technology, covering Geographic Information Systems (GIS), remote sensing, spatial data analysis, and data visualization. The volume also encompasses the practical aspects of sustainable urban planning, natural resource management, and transportation planning using GIS, underpinning the relevance of geospatial technology in addressing contemporary global challenges.

Photoacoustic imaging (also called optoacoustic imaging) is a hybrid modality based on the generation and detection of ultrasound in response to optical absorption of tissue. It combines advantages from both optical and ultrasound imaging, providing functional, molecular and microstructural information of tissue at scalable spatial resolution and depth. This technology has undergone exponential growth over the last two decades, and it is now widely viewed as one of the most exciting biomedical imaging modalities. This book introduces the technology and applications with chapters written by leading international research groups. It will be of interest to a wide range of audiences, including postgraduate students and researchers in physics and engineering as well as biomedical and clinical sciences. Chapters 8, 16, 17 and 21 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

In the evolving market of product design, the optimization of surface patterns is a crucial factor in determining the functionality of future products. However, despite numerous surface designs introduced in recent years, the field remains significantly underdeveloped. The absence of systematic and well-defined methodologies for generating deterministic topologies has turned the design of surfaces into more of an art than a precise science. This deficiency is further exacerbated by a dominant design culture that attempts to tame nature rather than establish harmonious coexistence within the Man Engineered Systems Domain (MESD). The challenge lies in the lack of a holistic surface design methodology that can merge function, form, and topography to produce optimized constructs capable of efficient operation within an envelope of constraints. Bio-Locomotion Interfaces and Biologization Potential in 4-D Printing is a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced in biomimetic surface design. This groundbreaking book recognizes the underdeveloped state of the field and proposes a trans-disciplinary approach that seamlessly integrates engineering, physics, and biology. It addresses the need for a new surface design methodology, emphasizing the importance of generating bio-inspired functional surfaces in MESD. Unlike existing approaches that rely on mere bio-mimicry, this book delves into the core of design generation, emphasizing the implementation of design rules rather than the replication of natural constructions. It is the ultimate guide for scholars seeking to bridge the gap between biology and engineering and acquire the methodologies needed to deduce design rules and construct deterministic surfaces inspired by bio-analogues. The book systematically navigates through the fundamentals of surface metrology, the elements of surface design on natural surfaces, and the implications for surface customization. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to provide scholars with a solid foundation, covering topics from thermodynamics and friction to the customization of surfaces for friction and the potential of bio-inspiration in additive manufacturing. Bio-Locomotion Interfaces and Biologization Potential in 4-D Printing is not just a book; it is a roadmap for academic scholars, offering a transformative journey where art meets science, and nature harmoniously coexists with engineering ingenuity.