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Proteomics, Multi-Omics and Systems Biology in Optic Nerve Regeneration is a comprehensive reference that covers all vistas of standardization of axon regeneration, as well as all multi-omics and system level data and integration tools. By adopting a translational approach, the book bridges current research in the field to clinical applications, and readers can expect to learn standardization approaches for axon regeneration, multi-omics datasets, different databases, search engines, multiple dataset integrative tools, pathway convergence approaches and tools, outcome and outcome measures that unify bench research with clinical outcome.The axon regeneration from existing neurons in central nervous system (CNS) have become a potential possibility in the last decade. The potential possibility of long-distance axon growth has opened the possibility of re-connectivity of axons of retinal ganglion cell neurons within the lateral geniculate nucleus in the brain. The long-distance axon regeneration and re-connectivity is a promise to restore lost vision in the optic nerve. Further, long-distance regeneration and re-innervation is equally helpful for other fields such as spinal cord injuries. - Includes updates on the use of multi-omics datasets for selecting molecules for axon regeneration - Bridges the preclinical and clinical world, from selection of the molecules to outcome leading to IND filing and their use - Includes system level knowledge needed for central nervous system axon and dendrite regeneration, and standardizes the system level biology for axon regeneration - Explores the current state of multi-omics in axon and dendrite regeneration in the optic nerve and its comparison to other CNS regeneration

Harness sustainable, environmentally friendly chemical processes with this timely volume Green chemistry has played a leading role in the broader search for environmentally sustainable industry. One of its most important goals is the shift from volatile, hazardous organic solvents to environmentally friendly ones, of which by far the most promising is water. Cultivating organic transformations using water as a solvent is one of the most crucial steps towards the creation of green, sustainable chemical production processes. Organic Transformations in Water provides a cutting-edge overview of water as a reaction medium for synthesis and catalysis. After a brief introduction, the book moves through each of the most important classes of organic transformation before concluding with a survey of industrial applications. The book will also cover: Chemistry and physicochemical aspects of “on-water” and “in-water” reactionsC–H activation, metathesis, nucleophilic addition and substitution, oxidation and reduction, and many moreAsymmetric organic reactions in waterApplications in organocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis Timely and comprehensive, Organic Transformations in Water is a must-own volume for researchers and industry professionals looking to revolutionize their work in a sustainable way.

Hallucinogens have been traditionally used to encourage spiritual growth, heighten perception, inspire personal development, or expand reality. Comprehensive Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants focuses on ethnobotanical aspects of hallucinogenic plant species, featuring history on how they were used in ancient societies, identifying chemical compounds, and explaining modern medicinal uses, as well as conservation initiatives. The book emphasizes the importance of understanding the cultural, countrywide, environmental, and scientific importance of these medicinal plants.Some of the 50 plants covered in this work include: ayahuasca, ginger, kanna, dream herb, iboga, peyote, canary broom, coral tree, catnip, wild rue, kava, mandrake, and golden angel's trumpet. Each chapter includes information on historical plant use and identification of chemical compounds, and explains modern medicinal uses. The text highlights the importance of studying, evaluating, and utilizing these plants not in isolation, but from a global perspective.A volume in the Exploring Medicinal Plants series, Comprehensive Guide to Hallucinogenic Plants appeals to plant scientists, botanists, ethnobotanists, pharmacologists, and those with an interest in alternative or herbal medicine.

This book aims to engage “Young Science – Talented & Ambitious” for a lasting collaboration to advance holistic mathematical modeling of “how the body works” in variant surroundings. The book sets road signs to mathematics in body's vital, physical, and cognitive functions, as well as to factors of health impact in person's environmental and social settings. It showcases selected current research in mathematical and biological theory, mathematical models at molecular, organism, and population levels as well as engineering, imaging, and data sciences methodologies, including bio-informatics and machine learning applications. For overarching theory, evaluation of surrogate structures with category theory, multi-scale whole-body dynamics by separation of functional organization from cellular material as well as mathematical axioms matching classic principles of philosophy in traditional Chinese medicine are introduced. Interested are systems-oriented researchers in all sciences related to human health who seek new profile-shaping challenges in transdisciplinary collaboration.

This book presents a systematic and extensive understanding about metabolic alterations affecting multiple aspects of different neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, SCAs, SBMA, DRPLA, ALS, Freidrich Ataxia etc. The book also illustrates cellular and molecular mechanisms behind the key neurodegenerative diseases and further expands on concept of unique and developing biomarkers associated with the onset and progression of NDDs. Additionally, it elaborates on the concept of latest imaging tools to monitor state of NDDs and accordingly develop therapeutic approaches entailing phytochemicals in the management of metabolic alterations associated with NDDs that ultimately suppresses course of devastating NDDs. The book aids to improve the overall understanding about the NDD and involvement of metabolic disorder as a major factor for indisposition of the disease. Therefore, suggesting that targetting metabolic variations by phytochemicals can combat NDD related symptoms for the betterment of impacted patients. While introducing cellular and molecular mechanisms and the treatment regimen under the umbrella of metabolism in several NDDs, the book covers major aspects of understanding the metabolic basis of NDDs, its implications, and treatment. This will inflate the readers'understanding about this particular area and guide those working in this domain, be it a researcher or clinicians,to choose or design effective therapeutic strategies to curb metabolic alterations linked with these disorders. This book will not only contribute towards improving the overall state of the challenged individuals but will also bring new hope towards improving the quality of lives of affected patients.

This Handbook on cancer biology comprehensively reviews the current status of the oncobiology of major cancer types, cancer detection and treatment strategies, principles and processes of cancer drug development, and nanomedicine and other emerging cancer medicine applications to cancer diagnosis and treatment. The book also provides practical and implementable nutritional guidance in cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life for cancer survivors. It discusses pharmacogenetics strategies for predicting cancer prognosis and treatment exposure, response, and toxicity. Further, it presents bioinformatics approaches for predicting anti-cancer drugs and drug combinations based on the multi-omic data, including transcriptomics, toxicogenomics, functional genomics, and biological networks. The Handbook also examines major factors and pathways that regulate cancer stem cells development and discusses potential targeted therapy for cancer stem cells. The book explores the application of the CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing technique in basic cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. This Handbook is an invaluable source for oncologists, researchers, public health specialists, epidemiologists, and policy makers.​

This volume includes five chapters, each detailing recent advances in genetics research. Chapter one discusses how germline predisposition diseases are associated with a dramatically increased risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other malignancies. Chapter two explores how myeloid neoplasms originate from hematopoietic stem cells through the process known as clonal hematopoiesis. Chapter three summarizes current knowledge on the epigenetic changes induced by monoterpenes, providing an overview as well as recent findings regarding the topic of epigenetics. In chapter four, the authors investigate both the benefits and negative effects of genetic screening. Chapter five analyses the sequenced genomes of M. tuberculosis and the rearrangements of genes from the PE-PGRS family.

This non-fiction book provides information about the latest findings on research and therapy of nerve regeneration with catchy drawings and in understandable words. Why do nerves in the extremities regenerate, but the axons in the spinal cord do not? Can transplanted stem cells or biopolymers restore regeneration? Are bioprostheses able to functionally replace amputated arms or legs? Neuroscientist Lars Klimaschewski answers these questions and reports on exciting findings from anatomy, cell and molecular biology and neurotechnology. Find out, among other things, how a brain-computer interface processes signals from the brain in order to control the arm or leg muscles again via electrodes after a paraplegia.The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.

Comprehensive yet succinct insight into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases including COVID-19, mpox, Ebola, and Lyme disease Rising Contagious Diseases provides basic information about preventing and treating threatening infectious diseases from viral, bacterial, and parasitic sources, including 28 emerging or recurring diseases like COVID-19, mpox, Ebola, bird and swine flu, malaria, Legionnaires', and others. The text highlights molecular surveillance and epidemiology (including zoonotic pathogens or their variants), innovative strategies for pathogen detection, drug and vaccine development, appropriate preventive measures, cost-effective diagnostic procedures (assays), and effective therapeutic strategies. The text is unique due to its broad coverage of today's infectious diseases, covering several which are not similarly addressed elsewhere, with detailed insight from experts around the world. Composed of 30 chapters of fundamental facts alongside practical and clinical data, Rising Contagious Diseases covers sample topics such as: Re-emergence of certain diseases in recent decades due to dynamic host-pathogen interactions, anthropogenic selection, and climate change How real-time epidemiological surveillance can improve detection of infectious disease outbreaks or new infections of public health importance Up-to-date insight on transmission dynamics, epidemiology, clinical manifestation, advances in diagnostics, and management of covered diseases Effects of disease outbreaks on the world at large, such as through high morbidity and mortality rates and rising healthcare costs With detailed insight on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases, Rising Contagious Diseases is an essential reference for health care professionals, academics in the field of microbiology, immunology, infectious diseases, pathology, pharmacology and public health, and undergraduates and postgraduates in related disciplines.

Comprehensive Chirality, Second Edition is the definitive ten-volume reference, offering a thorough exploration of chiral research and application. This extensively updated edition features 121 new chapters and 70 revised ones, focusing on the latest advancements in chiral research across synthesis, catalysis, analytical chemistry, and bioactive compound synthesis. Edited by a world-class editorial board, with contributions from leading experts, Comprehensive Chirality, Second Edition bridges theoretical principles with practical applications, making it an invaluable resource for advanced students, researchers, and professionals. Key highlights include:- Innovative Reactions and Methods: advanced diastereo- and enantioselective techniques for controlling stereogenic centers in complex natural products and pharmaceuticals.- Chiral Auxiliaries and Modern Reagents: transformative uses of chiral auxiliaries and cutting-edge reagents such as hypervalent iodide.- Catalytic Methodologies: comprehensive coverage of C-C bond formation, emphasizing transition metals, biocatalysis, and multicatalysis.- Asymmetric Photochemistry: light-induced asymmetric transformations.- Olefin Functionalization and Cycloaddition: asymmetric oxidation and reduction methods.- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering: in-depth analysis of enzyme design and engineering as powerful synthesis catalysts.- Industrial Applications: practical insights into asymmetric synthesis for industrial applications, illustrated through recent case studies.- Spectroscopic Techniques: updated spectroscopic methods for separating and analyzing enantiomers. - Unites different areas of research and allows anyone working or researching in chiral chemistry to navigate through the most essential concepts - Includes different areas of research and deep foundational reviews - Helps users apply context to diverse journal literature, aiding them in identifying areas for further research and/or for solving problems - Serves as a valuable, critical tool for instructors, practicing experimentalists, and students of the field, as well as those curious to gain appreciation of the chirality landscape and its vast expanse

Hemostasis represents a group of balanced activities that keep the blood flowing It is a complete response system which has developed to guarantee blood fluidity and to limit blood loss after wounding, and adapts after exposure to infectious micro-organisms The failure of this control system causes ischemia, severe damage to the distal tissues and, ultimately, death This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive account of the control of hemostasis by vascular cells It is an indispensable guide for researchers in hemostasis and vascular biology, from the post-graduate level onwards It will also be of great interest to clinicians in vascular medicine and cardiology Topics covered include: hemostatic properties of the vessel wall; anticoagulant properties of the vessel wall; other aspects of coagulation; and changes in vascular hemostatic properties

Authored by over 500 internationally acclaimed expert editors and chapter authors from around the world. Completely updated and expanded with almost 40 new chapters. Significantly increased attention to the role of culture in all aspects of evaluation and care. New sections on Digital Mental Health Services and Technologies, Treatment Issues in Specific Populations and Settings, and on Prevention, Systems of Care, and Psychosocial Aspects of Treatment address key advances. This edition is the first comprehensive reference work to cover the entire field of psychiatry in an updateable format, ensuring access to state of the art information. Earlier editions were called “the best current textbook of psychiatry” by the New England Journal of Medicine, and “the gold standard” by the American Journal of Psychiatry. Tasman's Psychiatry, 5th Edition, builds on the initial vision in prior editions of approaching psychiatric evaluation and care from an integrative bio-psycho-social-cultural perspective. It is designed to be an essential and accessible reference for readers at any level of experience. This editorial approach encompasses the importance of the first encounter between patient and clinician, followed by the complex task of beginning to develop a therapeutic relationship and to develop and implement a treatment plan in collaboration with the patient. The importance of increasing attention to the role of culture and social determinants of mental health is reflected both in specific chapters and in components of many chapters throughout the book, especially in those pertaining to clinical evaluation, the therapeutic alliance, and treatment. The global scope of this edition is reflected throughout the book, including the section on psychiatric disorders where evaluation using both ICD 11 and DSM 5-TR is discussed. Most chapters are authored by experts from at least two different countries or continents, adding a critically important dimension which often is missing in major psychiatric textbooks. Tasman's Psychiatry, 5th Edition, is an essential reference for all medical professionals and students who need a trusted reference or learning tool for psychiatry, psychology, clinical research, social work, counseling, therapy, and all others.

This book summarizes the cutting-edge experimental research on heterocyclic compounds used as anti-inflammatory agents in ten chapters. Each chapter is authored by experts in medicinal chemistry and is supplemented with scientific references for advanced reading.The book covers several types of heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives including : - pyrimidine and pyrimidinone derivatives- 1,2,3, and 1,2,4 triazoles- imidazole and benzimidazole derivatives- oxazole, oxadiazole, isoxazoline, and oxazoline derivatives- thiazole and thiazolidinone derivatives- pyrazole and pyrazoline- Carbazoles and their derivatives- azipines, quinolines, and coumarinsThis is a timely reference for medicinal chemists interested in developing new heterocycles for anti-inflammatory drugs. Contributors have discussed the effects of these compounds on different types of inflammation and their evolution in drug development as therapeutic agents to give a wider perspective to readers.

This reference presents a detailed exploration of the synaptic tagging and capture model, which has been proposed to provide a conceptual basis for how short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories. The first edition of Synaptic Tagging and Capture served as a comprehensive introduction and overview of the field and covered the topics from molecular and cellular aspects to behavior. This second edition reflects the overwhelming amount of research on the topic in the past five years. Notably, it provides greater insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms and behavioral aspects of tagging and capture, including reconsolidation, computational, and metaplastic models. Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior, 2nd edition remains the definitive work in the field.

Dieser Band gibt einen Überblick über die jüngsten Entwicklungen und die Möglichkeiten des Einsatzes der Fließchemie im Bereich der heterozyklischen Synthese. Der heterozyklische Ring ist das wichtigste strukturelle Motiv in der überwiegenden Mehrheit der Naturstoffe und pharmazeutischen Verbindungen, da er abstimmbare Wechselwirkungen mit dem biologischen Ziel ermöglicht und zudem ein gewisses Maß an struktureller und metabolischer Stabilität verleiht. In jüngster Zeit hat die Fließchemie einen Paradigmenwechsel in der organischen Synthese eingeläutet, da sie mehrere einzigartige Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Methoden bietet, wie z. B. eine drastische Beschleunigung träger Transformationen, höhere Ausbeuten, sauberere Reaktionen usw., und sie gewinnt allmählich große Aufmerksamkeit bei organischen Chemikern weltweit. Angesichts der Bedeutung von Heterozyklen in Naturstoffen, medizinischer Chemie und Arzneimitteln ist dieser Band gerechtfertigt und ergänzt den vorhergehenden Bandvon Topics in Organometallic Chemistry'Organometallic Flow Chemistry'.Dieser Band bietet einen vielseitigen Überblick über das Thema und erörtert nicht nur die jüngsten Fortschritte auf dem florierenden Gebiet der Fließchemie im Zusammenhang mit der heterocyclischen Chemie, sondern hilft den Forschern auch, die Chemie hinter diesen Reaktionen besser zu verstehen. Dies wiederum bietet eine Plattform für künftige Innovationen bei der Entwicklung neuartiger Umwandlungen unter kontinuierlichem Fluss. Daher wird dieser Band sowohl für Neulinge auf diesem Gebiet als auch für Experten in Wissenschaft und Industrie interessant sein.

This book provides an up-to-date overview of key areas of ageing research with a special focus on anti-ageing intervention strategies, which are currently very much at the forefront of ageing studies.The volume discusses how dietary restriction, supplements or exercise affect the ageing process. Other intervention strategies reviewed are: chaperone activators, telomerase activation, hormetics, senolytics, NAD boosting, geroprotectors, stem cell therapies, resveratrol and melatonin, to just name a few. This book follows on from Parts I-IV of Biochemistry and Cell Biology of Ageing within the Subcellular Biochemistry book series and highlights anti-ageing intervention strategies that were not included in the earlier volumes. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, this book is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientists alike, who are interested in learning more about the fascinating and challenging question of why and how our cells age.

Die Welt durchlebt eine beispiellose technologische Entwicklung, die alle Bereiche, besonders den Gesundheitssektor, beeinflusst. Die vierte industrielle Revolution bringt Neuerungen wie KI, das „Internet of Things“, Gentechnik, 3D-Druck und Robotik, die bereits Teil unseres Alltags geworden sind. Diese Technologien haben die Gesundheitsversorgung signifikant verändert, von elektronischen Patientenakten bis hin zur robotergestützten Chirurgie. Die Nephrologie, eine seit den 1960er Jahren bestehende Disziplin, hat durch Entdeckungen wie die Dialyse und die Nierentransplantation große Fortschritte gemacht. Heute beginnen moderne Technologien wie KI und 3D-Druck, die Nephrologie zu revolutionieren, mit dem Potenzial, die Behandlung von Nierenerkrankungen präziser und patientenorientierter zu gestalten. Das Buch beleuchtet die Anwendung dieser Technologien in der Nephrologie und deren Potenzial, die Versorgung zu verbessern. Es richtet sich an alle in der Nephrologen Tätigen, an Gesundheitsfachkräfte, an Forscher in verwandten Feldern und Medizinstudenten, und zeigt auf, wie diese Technologien die Behandlung von Nierenerkrankungen revolutionieren könnten.

This is an open access book. ICEKIM is an annual conference that has been held four times. 2024 5th International Conference on Education, Knowledge and Information Management (ICEKIM 2024) will be held on April 19–21, 2024 in Chengdu, China. Information Technology, in the context of education, is revolutionizing the way we store, process, and communicate information, making it more accessible and meaningful. Advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing are some of the technological developments that have profoundly impacted the way educational institutions manage and use data, leading to more personalized and effective learning experiences. ICEKIM will focus on how information management promotes the effective utilization of knowledge and educational development, how to build effective information management assistance systems, and how to promote widespread adoption to meet the practical needs of society. ICEKIM 2024 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of Education, Knowledge and Information Management to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in Education, Knowledge and Information Management and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world.

Get the Summary of Heather Won Tesoriero's The Class in 20 minutes. Please note: This is a summary & not the original book.'The Class'by Heather Won Tesoriero is a compelling narrative that follows the lives of students and their teacher, Andy Bramante, in a unique science research class at Greenwich High School. The book delves into the personal and academic journeys of several students, including Shobhita Sundaram, who developed a predictive algorithm for breast cancer drugs, and William Yin, who invented a health-monitoring sticker. The class is characterized by its lack of a traditional curriculum, focusing instead on individual student projects aimed at solving real-world problems...

Theranostics Nanomaterials in Drug Delivery presents the most recent advances in the development of theranostic nanomaterials for drug delivery. This book compiles reports and studies on the latest changes and improvements of theranostic nanocarriers such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, exosomes, polymeric micelles, PLGA nanoparticles, chitosan nanoparticles, dendrimer, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, and many more, all of which can help in the sensitive diagnosis, precise targeting, and efficient and controlled delivery of nanomaterials to control various diseases at different clinical stages. Theranostics nanomaterials in drug delivery will serve as a solid foundation and reference for pharmaceutical scientists, undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and experts in the medical field involved in the development of advanced drug delivery systems. - Presents a compilation of thoroughly analyzed data and results regarding the usage of theranostics nanocarriers as a platform for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases - Gathers novel drug delivery applications of theranostics nanocarriers in biological milieu and discusses the principles behind the formation, characterization, applications, and future perspectives of theranostics for targeted therapy development - Discusses the most recent technologies in theranostics nanometrials to help readers define major gaps in knowledge that can lead new scientific breakthroughs and discoveries

Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are known to cause the most common human disease. It frequently spreads through direct contact (from human to human, animal to human), and through contaminated food or water. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques, it is now possible to rapidly identify microorganisms causing human disease and correlate with the corresponding clinical infection. Therefore, there is a need to develop robust and high-throughput diagnostic methods to prevent and control human disease of public health importance. This book entitled “Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease” will help the scientific community to better understand the transmission dynamics of some human diseases.

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Manifestations is a comprehensive volume on the field of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) as well as its associated comorbidities. Covering clinical manifestations as well as molecular and cellular mechanisms, this book discusses available macaque and rodent animal models of HAND, epigenetic regulation, and signaling pathways underlying symptoms. Chapters also cover prevention and therapeutic strategies, as well as diagnosis and biomarkers associated with disease outcomes. This volume is appropriate for basic research and clinical investigators working in the area of HIV-1 infection. - Provides an in-depth exploration of the clinical manifestations of HAND and its comorbidities - Includes detailed assessments of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying HAND symptoms - Examines animal models for studying HAND, including macaque and rodent models - Presents insights into epigenetic regulation and signaling pathways implicated in HAND - Covers prevention, therapeutic strategies, and diagnostic approaches

This book provides valuable information for investigators interested in the signaling and regulatory functions of adenosine and the adenine nucleotides. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include the historical development of research on adenosine and adenosine triphosphate; various aspects of the formation, metabolism, release, transport, and receptors for endogenous adenosine and the adenosine triphosphate; functions of purines at the cellular level; the role of adenosine in the regulation of flow in different vascular beds; and angiogenesis. The book also addresses the purinergic regulation of the cardiac, renal, gastro-intestinal, and central nervous system, as well as potential therapeutic avenues for purine use. The book will be valuable to physiologists, pharmacologists, and other basic and clinical scientists interested in updating their knowledge of the expanding biological roles of these substances.

Substance P: From Pain to Cancer, a volume in the Molecular Mediators in Health and Disease: How Cells Communicate series, provides a complete discussion of substance P biology, its role in normal physiology and a variety of diseases.The volume provides an introduction to substance P and its pharmacology, followed by exploring its role across the human body including cardiovascular function, micturition, learning and memory, emesis, respiration and sleep. It then discusses the critical role of substance P in several disease states including acute brain injury, neurodegeneration, seizures, depression and anxiety, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, and viral infection, including COVID-19. The book closes with a look towards future perspectives for substance P.Substance P: From Pain to Cancer is an ideal reference for researchers across the life sciences interested in understanding the role of this multi-functioning mediator and its biological significance. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the role of substance P across different organ systems, including the nervous, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems and renal function - Includes detailed coverage of the specific actions of substance P in various disease states and conditions, such as inflammation, cancer, acute brain injury, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and viral infection including COVID-19 - Examines substance P as a modulator of the immune response and pain perception - Includes expertise from a range of interdisciplinary areas including molecular biology, pharmacology, physiology, neuroscience, anatomy, and therapeutics

This volume includes nine chapters that detail advances in health and disease. In chapter one the authors review proteins and transcription factors involved in the process of EMT and analyze the potential of proved or non-proved phytodrug to inhibit resistance to conventional therapies and /or metastasis, emphasizing their specificity. Chapter two provides an overview of the knowledge gained so far concerning the role of different members of phosphodiesterases subfamilies under physiological, as well as pathological conditions. In chapter three the authors discuss the involvement of IL-9 and Th9 cells in various cancers, highlighting their role in cancer immunity. The authors in chapter four identifiy the prospects for using drugs with anticonvulsant action that primarily restricts neuronal excitation via modulation of the brain's functional neurovascular unit. In chapter five, the authors propose a novel method for calculating (possibly multiple) univariate scores per individual to identify disease subtypes using multiple brain images (multi-modal brain images) obtained from multiple measurement or processing methods. Chapter six provides a detailed introduction of cognitive rehabilitation, presents the history and types of theories in this field, and then reviews studies that have recently used cognitive rehabilitation methods in different samples of patients and types of disorders and have reported the efficacy of these intervention methods. The causes, molecular mechanisms, and the diagnosis and treatment of prostate benign hyperplasia is examined in chapter seven. In chapter eight a model of a virus attacking a cell is proposed from the standpoint of sorption processes of cytoplasmic nucleotides, as a resource of both genomes. Using the method of gravitational non-invasive mass spectroscopy (GMS), the conformational state and the mechanism of action of domains in the myosin heads of the eye muscles of probants of different ages are studied in chapter nine.

The Hidden World of Protein Aggregation, Volume 206 provides a comprehensive exploration of protein aggregation, uncovering the factors behind the formation of amorphous aggregates and ordered structures called amyloid fibrils. It delves into the advantages and disadvantages of protein aggregates, addressing topics such as cytotoxicity and disorders linked to misfolding. Specific chapters in this release include Protein Aggregation: An Overview, Pathways of Amyloid Fibril Formation and Aggregation, Factors Influencing Amyloid Fibril Formation, Morphological Features and Types of Aggregated Structures, Each big journey starts with a first step: Importance of Oligomerization, Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation as Triggering Factor of Fibril Formation, and more.Additional sections cover Experimental Techniques for Detecting and Evaluating the Amyloid Fibrils, Prediction of Protein Aggregation, Amyloid Fibril Cytotoxicity and Associated Disorders, Inhibitors of Amyloid Fibril Formation, Therapeutic Approaches in Proteinopathies, Functional Amyloids, Biotechnological Applications of Amyloid Fibrils, and The Hidden World of Protein Aggregation. - Provides an introduction to the folding of protein and associated conditions leading to aggregation and linked pathology - Discusses structural biology and computational methodologies for analysis of protein (mis)folding and aggregation - Describes functional amyloids and their biotechnological applications

Advances in Host Genetics and Microbiome in Lifestyle-Related Phenotypes, Volume 111 explores the recent discoveries in the interaction between Host Genetics-Microbiome and lifestyle-related phenotypes regarding precision nutrition, physical activity, sports performance, circadian rhythm, sleep, and rest. Chapters in this release include Techniques, procedures, and applications in host Genetic analysis, Techniques, procedures, and applications in Microbiome analysis, Human adaptations to diet: biological and cultural coevolution, Impact of Evolution on Lifestyle in Microbiome, Nutrition and host Genetics: nutrigenetics, Nutrition and Microbiome: microbiome nutrition, Genomic predictors of physical activity and athletic performance, physical activity and Microbiome, Microbiome and Host Genetics in Circadian Rhythm, and more. - Explores Host Genetics and Microbiome in Nutrition - Delves into nutrition, physical activity, sports performance, circadian rhythm, sleep, and rest - Covers the impact of evolution on lifestyle

This book is a compilation of eight chapters on the advancements in Biology. The first chapter comprehensively reviews advancements and challenges in utilizing extracellular polymers as materials with biomedical applications. The second chapter discusses the current mechanisms of tubulointerstitial fibrosis progression and the increasingly important role of the proximal tubule injury in driving inflammation and fibrosis. Chapter Three will discuss using computational analysis, in vitro experiments, and applied methods to provide a comprehensive approach to target the synthesis of polymeric substances in pathogenic bacteria. Chapter Four is a short review of such an approach with a special focus on the use of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL), extensively applied in proteomics investigations, for the enrichment of very low-abundance proteins in view of their identification and individual quantitation. Chapter Five is a short review of an approach that will improve the sensitivity of analytical methods, with a special focus on the use of combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLL), extensively applied in proteomics investigations, for the enrichment of very low-abundance proteins in view of their identification and individual quantitation. Chapter Five goes on to discuss the function of Cyclo (L-Phenylalanine-L-Proline) on the Proteome of Staphylococcus Aureus. In Chapter Six, recent findings and ongoing progress on Pep-triggered immunity are presented, along with the recent findings of Peps orthologs in other plant species. The mechanism of the influence of celestial bodies on activity and the interaction of domains (Α- and Β-Tubulins) with their surroundings are addressed in Chapter Seven. The last chapter highlights the naturally occurring thiolane type cyclic sulfides and their therapeutical potency particularly anticancer activity. Thiolane-type cyclic sulfides are especially synthesized by Allium species.

Infertility is an important public health problem affecting around 15% of couples worldwide. A male factor contributes to about 50% of all cases of infertility. Male infertility could be related to a variety of congenital or acquired causes that lead to abnormal reproductive potential and poor sperm quality and function. To this date, semen analysis remains the cornerstone of male infertility evaluation. Clinicians widely reference the World Health Organization (WHO) Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen, which provides a detailed description of a variety of semen tests. However, the manual does not provide a sufficient clinical context for the various tests that are described.This book is intended to bridge the gap between the laboratory manual and the clinician by explaining in detail the test indication, its clinical utility, interpretation of results, and presenting a decision algorithm based on the test results. Thebook has 19 chapters grouped under seven sections that follow the chapters of the sixth edition of the WHO manual. Each chapter is written and reviewed by a team of senior clinicians, thus bringing a perspective that is truly clinically relevant. This book will be of great value to all clinicians involved in the management of male infertility and will also be of interest to laboratory scientists involved in semen testing by providing them with clinical perspectives of the test they perform. Human Semen Analysis: From the WHO Manual to the Clinical Management of Infertile Men is a useful guide for utilizing the WHO manual, interpreting test results, and deciding what subsequent clinical actions to take.

This book on medical biotechnology offers a wide array of topics and cutting-edge research in the field featuring contributions from multiple authors, each specializing in their respective areas, making it highly valuable to science students and enthusiasts. The book provides comprehensive coverage on a diverse range of topics including sequence analysis, network pharmacology, drug discovery, CRISPR-Cas technology, precision medicine, neuroimaging biomarkers, therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, molecular pathogenesis of various diseases, plant-derived antioxidants, genetic approaches for disease diagnosis, cancer progression, immunotherapy, cancer biomarker identification, RNA Interference (RNAi) and nanotechnology in drug discovery and delivery, thus giving a holistic understanding of medical biotechnology.Each chapter delves into the latest research and developments in its respective field and offers readers insights into cutting-edge advancements in medical biotechnology. This up-to-date information will be invaluable to science students and enthusiasts who want to stay at the forefront of the field.The book adopts an interdisciplinary approach by incorporating elements of biology, genetics, computational techniques, nanotechnology and more, which enables readers to see the interconnectedness of different scientific disciplines and how they contribute to medical biotechnology.The book emphasizes practical applications, such as drug discovery, disease treatment, gene editing and targeted drug delivery. This focus on real-world applications is useful to readers interested in applying biotechnological techniques in the medical field. The book also acknowledges the serious challenges faced in the field of medical biotechnology and offers potential solutions to overcome these challenges to foster innovative thinking.As a reader, you will gain a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of medical biotechnology, equipping you with knowledge that can contribute to technological breakthroughs, advancements in medicine and the betterment of human life.

There has been an enormous growth of interest in the field of toxicologic pathology and particularly on its impact on nonclinical safety assessment in global drug development and in the environment. Toxicologic pathologists play an important role in detecting test article-related adverse effects by characterizing morphologic changes in animal tissues and/or body fluids under prescribed study conditions or less clearly defined conditions in the environment and in the interpretation of these findings relative to human risk. In fact, pathology evaluation is often the single most important decision-making factor in nonclinical safety assessments as 80% of drug candidate attrition has been attributed to pathology findings in toxicity studies. There are currently no primers or basic overviews covering the field of toxicologic pathology, whereas there are at least several basic books that cover the sister field of toxicology.Toxicologic Pathology: A Primer is a practical, easy-to-use reference designed to contain core information provided by board-certified veterinary pathologists, all experts in the field. The Primer contains the basic, underlying principles of toxicologic pathology at the introductory level; thus it will be valuable to the veterinary pathology student who may be considering a career in the field as well as a companion to the seasoned toxicologic pathologist who wants a succinct refresher. The Primer is arranged as chapters presenting each major organ system preceded by an overview chapter covering the field of toxicologic pathology followed by a “concept” chapter describing the role of toxicologic pathology in drug development. Photomicrographs and illustrations provide visual context.The organ system chapters provide histopathologic descriptions of lesions observed in toxicity studies of test articles in drug development and testing of chemicals that may negatively impact the environment. Each organ system chapter provides additional information related to a particular lesion to aid the reader in better understanding its toxicologic significance relative to human risk.Each organ system chapter contains: A brief introduction A succinct description of the anatomy and physiology of the system Descriptions of the most important pathological lesions Differential diagnoses Biological consequences, pathogenesis, and/or mechanism of lesion formation Associated clinical pathology correlates Nonclinical safety scientists such as study directors, non-pathology-oriented contributing scientists such as senior toxicology report reviewers, scientific management of Contract Research Organizations (CROs), and students should find the Primer useful in helping them understand the fundamentals of toxicologic pathology.

The Sixth Edition of Charney and Nestler's Neurobiology of Mental Illness builds on previous editions of the book and reflects the continuing progress in reintegrating psychiatry into the mainstream of modern biomedical science. This reintegration remains a work in progress, based on the unique complexity of the brain and its diseases. Yet, the research tools that are transforming other branches of medicine-epidemiology, genetics, epigenetics, molecular and cell biology, imaging, and medicinal chemistry, along with fundamental advances in the neurosciences that make it possible to decipher cell types and their larger circuits to an unprecedented degree, are now at long last transforming psychiatry. Collectively, the 75 chapters in this newly renovated textbook describe the developments in genetics and in molecular, cellular, and systems neuroscience that are breaking new ground in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disabling psychiatric disorders. In this updated edition, Section 1 focuses on the major methodological approaches to studying the biological basis of mental illness. Sections 2 through 8 each focus on a major class of mental illness, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety and trauma disorders, substance use disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and childhood psychiatry disorders. The final section is a collection of essays that address what can be expected over the next decade in terms of improving psychiatric diagnosis, achieving a true precision approach to treating mental illness, along with new avenues of medication and non-medication therapies in the offing.

Long known to be important for memory, the hippocampus has been a prime focus for neuroscience research for years. This second edition of The Hippocampus Book highlights advances in our understanding of this group of brain structures and includes a new set of translational chapters concerning associated brain disorders. This edition brings together contributions by leading international experts on hippocampal anatomy, physiology, molecular biology and function with other chapters summarizing how disorders of hippocampal function contribute to several neurologic and psychiatric conditions. Concurrently, this text illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, neural and synaptic plasticity, cognition and behaviour, and computational algorithms. Covering theory, experimental data and translational relevance, this uniquely authoritative work vividly illustrates the progress that continues to be made in unravelling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book will be of interest to those working in a range of neuroscientific disciplines, ranging from the molecular biology of neural function and dysfunction, through network physiology to behavior and neuropathology and take pride of place on the bookshelves of all with an interest in the brain and its functions.

This book gives a complete overview of current developments in the nano drug delivery technology in the management of neurological disorders and brain diseases. The book is divided into three main sub-sections: A) Fundamental study on nanomaterials, nanocarriers, and nanoformulation-based drug delivery in neurological diseases management, B) Nano drug delivery therapy - a novel approach towards common neurological disorders and C) Novel nano delivery strategies in targeted neurological diseases management. This collective work presents diverse nano-based drug delivery technologies that are high-throughput, reliable, pioneering, and applicable to researchers of different countries despite their socio-economic conditions. It hopefully encourages researchers, innovators and policymaker to adapt nanomaterial-based drug delivery vehicles technologies using diverse nano-based formulation techniques as targeted therapy for treating and managing neurological disorders.

The 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering, contains the papers presented at the 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering joint event. It is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students, and consultants for chemical industries. - Presents findings and discussions from the 34th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering / 15th International Symposium on Process Systems Engineering joint event

This book provides the reader with a thorough understanding of the science of addiction, as well as practical tools for diagnosing, treating, and supporting individuals with alcohol use disorder. It also offers guidance for building a successful recovery and preventing relapse, and it serves as a comprehensive and evidence-based resource that brings together the latest scientific research and guidelines endorsed by expert professionals. Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent and complex disease that affects millions of people worldwide, yet is often misunderstood and stigmatized. This book is intended to contribute to reducing the stigma and misconceptions surrounding the disease and promoting access to evidence-based treatment and support. This volume is structured in a way that allows readers to move through the content in a logical and accessible manner. The first few chapters provide an overview of alcohol use disorder, its historical and cultural context, and the science of addiction. Following that, authors delve into the various causes and risk factors for alcohol use disorder, signs and symptoms, diagnosis and screening tools, and co-occurring mental health conditions. The treatment options for alcohol use disorder are covered in depth, including medication-assisted treatment, behavioral therapies, and support systems for recovery. Chapters explore ways to prevent relapse and build a successful life in recovery. Additionally, the subject of stigma and misconceptions surrounding addictions such as alcohol use disorder is discussed, as are the barriers in building greater awareness, understanding, and access to care. A chapter on advocacy and policy aims to identify and highlight various paths taken in improving access to treatment and recovery support services, and the book closes with a chapter on all the major research and promising treatments that are currently underway. From Stigma to Support: A New Vision for Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment and Recovery is a comprehensive and practical guide that will be greatly valued by psychiatrists and any other medical provider that might treat patients with alcohol use disorder.

Many aspects of drug safety have become an outstanding and even persistent issue and may occur during the process of both drug discovery and development. Until 15 years ago, drug discovery and evaluation was primarily a sequential process starting with the selection of the most pharmacologically active compound from a series of newly synthesized small molecule chemical series by means of distinctive pharmacological assays. Safety aspects were addressed by evaluation of the selected compound at high doses in a series of specific studies directed at indications other than the intended indication of the new compound. These tests are then followed by pharmacokinetic studies, which are primarily conducted to confirm whether the selected compound possesses a suitable half-life for sufficient exposure and efficacy and, whether it has the desired properties specificity to the intended route of administration. Safety aspects relied predominantly on the conduct of single and repeat toxicologydose studies, which inform changes in organ structure rather than organ function. Both toxicological and pharmacokinetic studies are adapted to the progress of studies in clinical pharmacology and clinical trials. The new edition of this well and broadly accepted reference work contains several innovative and distinguished chapters. This'sequential'strategy has been abandoned with this new version of the book for several reasons: - Of the possible multitude of negative effects that novel drugs may impart on organ function, e.g. ventricular tachy-arrhythmia, many are detected too late in non-clinical studies to inform clinicians. On the other hand, negative findings in chronic toxicity studies in animals may turn out to be irrelevant for human beings. - New scientific approaches, e.g. high-throughput screening, human pluripotent stem cells, transgenic animals, knock-out animals, in silico models, pharmaco-genomics and pharmaco-proteomics, as well as Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods offered new possibilities. - There are several examples, that show that the'druggability'of compounds was considerably underestimated when the probability of success of a new project was assessed. The success rate in the pharmaceutical industry and the introduction of new chemical entities to the market per year dropped dramatically, whereas the development time for a new compound increased, sometimes exceeding the patent protection. Research and development scientists, involving the following changes, therefore adopted a change of strategy: - Parallel instead of sequential involvement of the various disciplines (multidimensional compound optimization). - The term'Safety Pharmacology'was coined. The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) founded a Safety Pharmacology Working Group and the Safety Pharmacology Society (SPS) was launched. The discipline provided for evaluation, development and validation of a multitude of safety tests outlined in the'Core Battery of Studies'. - Characterizing the exposure profile of a drug by conducting pharmacokinetic studies that evaluates the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion should to be investigated at an early stage of development as results contribute to the selection of a compound for further development. Advancements in Toxicology were achieved by the introduction of new methods, e.g., in silico methods, genetic toxicology, computational toxicology and AI. The book is a landmark in the continuously changing world of drug research and developments. As such, it is essential reading for many groups: not only for all students of pharmacology and toxicology but also for industry scientists and physicians, especially those involved in clinical trials of drugs, and for pharmacists who must know the safety requirements of drugs. &nb

At present, a highly efficient tool for organic synthesis is the combination of organocatalytic and multicomponent processes. In the organocatalysis reaction it is possible to generate a reactive intermediate with high enantioselectivity and later, in the multicomponent stage, the complexity and structural diversity of the process increases. This strategy allows the synthesis of various analogues of optically active natural compounds and biologically relevant molecules of pharmacological interest, which are essential for human life. The current study, which is divided into three chapters, describes a methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cliclopentene derivatives from an organocatalytic reaction, followed by a multicomponent Ugi-type reaction under continuous flow regime. The use of green solvents in each reaction step, as well as the adoption of flow chemistry, led to obtaining products with high yield and enantiomerically-enriched in a fast and efficient manner, allowing the development of more sustainable strategies in synthetic chemistry.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the intricate realm of lipid nanocarriers and their pivotal role in revolutionizing targeted drug delivery. Delving into various aspects of drug targeting and delivery, this book meticulously covers different types of lipid nanocarriers, elucidating their advantages, disadvantages, current status, and future perspectives. With a primary focus on applications in cosmetics, ocular drug delivery, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanomedicines, and herbal drug-loaded nanoparticles for treating diverse ailments, this book serves as a valuable resource for both academic and practical applications. Intended as a textbook for advanced courses in lipid nanoparticles for biomedical applications, this book caters medical, pharmaceutical, and paramedical students at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. In response to the growing demand for tailored pharmaceutical dosage forms that mitigate side effects associated with conventional drug therapy, this book highlights the significance of lipid nanocarriers in achieving targeted drug delivery. Drawing upon recent advancements in the pharmaceutical field, the book emphasizes the critical need for developing and formulating pharmaceutical dosage forms capable of targeted drug delivery. By harnessing the potential of lipid nanocarriers, researchers and pharmaceutical professionals can optimize drug delivery systems to enhance efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. Throughout the book, readers gain insights into the availability and assessment of different lipids suitable for nanocarrier formulations, along with their roles and significance in ocular drug delivery, transdermal drug delivery, cancer treatment, and cosmetics. Additionally, the text offers a thorough examination of nanomedicine formulation and development, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of lipid-based nanocarriers and their diverse applications.

Equine Neonatal Medicine A comprehensive guide to medical care for pregnant mares and neonatal foals Equine Neonatal Medicine offers an in-depth comprehensive reference for the clinical management of pregnant and periparturient mares and neonatal foals. Edited by leading experts in the field and written by experienced equine specialists, this textbook covers all aspects of providing veterinary care to mares and neonatal foals. Encompassing physiology, pathophysiology, theory, and practice, this textbook offers an authoritative, well-illustrated reference to equine perinatology. Topics covered include fetal monitoring, parturition, and peri-parturient disorders in the mare as well as diagnostic and therapeutic options for ill neonatal foals. The book: Covers aspects of veterinary care for the pregnant and peri-parturient mare and how to diagnose and treat the ill neonate Discusses fetal monitoring and parturition, and peri-parturient disorders in the mare Presents an exhaustive, detailed, and comprehensive reference for any veterinary practitioner involved with breeding management of horses and the care of neonatal foals Provides a clinical perspective, including both theory and practice Features more than 600 color images and diagrams to demonstrate the concepts discussed Equine Neonatal Medicine is an essential reference for any veterinary practitioner engaged with mares and foals, including specialists in equine medicine, equine and mixed animal practitioners, ambulatory practitioners, and veterinary students.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential role in different biological functions, including physiological regulatory mechanisms to damaging alterations involved in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of human diseases. ROS are metabolic products from numerous cells, but two vital cellular organelles are intimately involved in their production and metabolism, i.e. the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Excess cellular levels of ROS may cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes, and organelles, which may lead to the activation of cell death processes such as apoptosis. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is essential for the development and survival of multicellular organisms. These organisms often need to discard superfluous or potentially harmful cells, have accumulated mutations, or become infected by pathogens. Apoptosis features a characteristic set of morphological and biochemical features whereby cells undergo a cascade of self-destruction. Thus, proper regulation of apoptosis is essential for maintaining normal cellular homeostasis. Mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) play a central role in cell signaling and regulating the main pathways of apoptosis, mediated by mitochondria, death receptors, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This book focuses on the current understanding of the role of ROS in each of these three main pathways of apoptosis related to different human diseases, with particular emphasis on Metabolic, Inflammatory, Neurodegenerative, and Neoplastic diseases. It's promise and limitations are also discussed by targeting ROS with different antioxidants in preventing non-communicable diseases. The role of mtROS in the complex interplay and crosstalk between these different signaling pathways of apoptosis related to different human diseases remains to be unraveled further in future research.

Drug repurposing, or drug repositioning, or reprofiling, has emerged as a valid approach in modern drug discovery. The book describes tools and techniques for identifying new therapeutic potentials for existing drugs and covers the repurposing of drugs from synthetic and natural origin. It compares the costs of drug repurposing with traditional drug discovery and discusses challenges and future perspectives of drug repurposing.

Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in infants and children worldwide, This fact provides strong impetus to study and understand them and their consequences, and consider their treatment. These topics were the focus of the first edition of this book. The 20 years since the publication of this first edition have witnessed an explosion of new information about febrile seizures, meriting this new edition. Key advances have been made in the genetics and neurobiological underpinnings of febrile seizures and especially the very long fever-related seizures called febrile status epilepticus. The role of neuroinflammatory factors in the emergence of these seizures and their consequences, the demonstration of unique clinical and neuroradiological aspects of febrile status epilepticus, and the prospect of predictive (bio)markers to identify and characterize cognitive and epilepsy outcomes are exciting and important. In this edition, the authors and editors tackle these developments in chapters addressing the questions of parents, physicians, allied health care professionals and basic and translational scientists. - Reviews all aspects of febrile seizures, including epidemiology, neurobiology and treatment - Discusses novel and newly discovered information based on up-to the minute methods - Provides an engaging style that is accessible to clinicians, researchers and educated parents

Metabolomics: A Path Towards Personalized Medicine integrates environmental factors of genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, providing a bridge to resolve gaps between fundamental science and applications in clinical medicine and population health. The concept of personalized medicine or precision medicine is of great interest in biomedical research as it helps bring about new drug discovery and biomarker identification. In addition, it helps clinicians prescribe the right medicine to the right person with maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity, allowing clinicians to further predict the susceptibility to disease onset of vulnerable populations.The book is ideally suited for researchers and postgraduate students who are interested in clinical and non-clinical studies where metabolites are used for the identification of disease and therapeutic targets. - Gives insights on the importance of personalized medicine in clinical and research environments - Provides the principles of metabolomics - Presents applications of metabolomics in biomarker identification and drug discovery

A current survey and synthesis of the most important findings in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction is detailed in our Neurobiology of Addiction series, each volume addressing a specific area of addiction. Opioids, Volume 4 in the series, explores the molecular, cellular and systems in the brain responsible for opioid addiction using the heuristic three-stage cycle framework of binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect, and preoccupation/anticipation. - Highlights recent advances in opioid addiction - Includes Neurocircuitry, Cellular and Molecular neurobiological mechanisms of opioid addiction - Defines opioid abuse and addiction potential, including biological tolerance

Candida auris é uma levedura considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. Este livro trata de um tema de extrema relevância no momento atual, que traz grande contribuição para a área da saúde e aos pacientes, principalmente àqueles em estado crítico. A importância desse livro se justifica por poucos estudos realizados com óleos essenciais e seus compostos como possibilidade de tratamento contra a C. auris. Há uma preocupação entre os profissionais de saúde sobre como identificar, controlar e tratar adequadamente a infecção, mas ainda são poucos os estudos que apresentam resultados sobre a ação de medicamentos, em especial pela resistência apresentada aos antifúngicos conhecidos. Por fim é apresentada uma possibilidade de tratamento para C. auris, sendo promissora a realização de novos estudos para a busca de um tratamento efetivo e seguro contra esse fungo.

The second volume in the CURRENT TOPICS IN NONCLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT SERIES explores the critical issues and current topics in nonclinical drug development. This second volume covers individual topics and strategies in drug development from compound characterization to drug registration. Written by a variety of experts in the field, recent and rapid advances in technologies and associated changes in regulatory guidance are discussed.Select topics include: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and the impact on toxicologic pathology. Current approaches to carcinogenicity testing. Predicting drug-drug interactions. Current understanding of idiosyncratic drug reaction. Assessing cardiovascular risks beyond QT interval. Use of 3D cell cultures in toxicology and ADME. Development of small molecule-antibody complexes. Differentiating adverse from non-adverse findings in nonclinical studies. Current Topics in Nonclinical Drug Development: Volume 2 will aid toxicologists, toxicologic pathologists, consultants, regulators, study directors, and nonclinical scientists dealing with day-to-day issues encountered in drug development and assist in formulating strategies for resolution of these issues. In addition, the book will be a valuable reference for academicians and graduate students pursuing research related to nonclinical drug development.

HARVESTING FOODS from WEEDS Food science is a rapidly changing and complicated subject. This new series addresses the current state-of-the-art concepts and technologies associated with the industry and will cover new ideas and emerging novel technologies and processes. With the world's population continuing to grow exponentially, with many “food deserts” across the globe, including even in rich countries, food production is more important than ever. Finding alternative ways to produce food, in a sustainable way, is increasingly important and something that is on the minds of scientists, engineers, policy makers, and other professionals. Weeds are mainly undesirable plants, but nowadays researchers are exploring these weeds as a food source. Weeds can also grow in adverse climatic conditions with minimum nutritional requirements. Weeds that are rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds are suitable ingredients for functional foods and meet nutritional requirements at a cheaper cost and thus are lucrative and attractive for the food industry. This latest volume in the groundbreaking series, “Bioprocessing in the Food Industry,” covers different types of weeds, like eleusine indica, tribulus terrestris, hibiscus cannabinus, corchorus, gynandra gynandropsis, and many others. These weeds have limited food applications, mainly because of traditional food production. This book will provide detailed knowledge regarding the nutritional value, health benefits and processing methods of these weeds. Readers will learn how these weeds can be utilized for food production, healthy food development, and sustainability. Combining the technological requirements, food safety and quality, this book showcases the utilization of modern technologies to process food products with great benefits. The volume will comprehensively meet the knowledge requirements for the curriculum of undergraduate, postgraduate and research students for learning the concepts of bioprocessing in food engineering, as well as veteran engineers, policy makers, scientists, chemists, and other industry professionals. It is a must have for any library.

This book describes control of ventilation during sleep in both health and disease states. The topics are presented in a fashion that can be easily comprehended with many figures to illustrate complex concepts. Thus, a wide range of topics, starting from the site of normal respiratory rhythm generation to chemoreceptor control of sleep apnea, description of the apneic threshold, pathophysiology of upper airway closure, novel techniques to measure control of breathing, effect of cerebral blood flow on breathing, effect of opioids on ventilation, effect of heart failure on ventilation, genetic aspects of breathing disorders, age and gender differences, and various therapies are discussed. Key Features• Helps to bridge the gap between straight forward physiology and clinical practice through a range of topics and use of case vignettes• Explores various aspects of clinical management and control which is beneficial to sleep clinicians, respiratory physiologists, intensivists, trainees, and researchers.• Distills complex concepts into understandable language and figures, providing helping resource to the clinicians, that transforms a dry topic vis a viz control of ventilation into an exciting understandable ‘clinician'language.

Dieses Sachbuch informiert mit eingängigen Zeichnungen und in verständlichen Worten über die neuesten Ergebnisse zu Forschung und Therapie der Nervenregeneration. Warum regenerieren Nerven in den Extremitäten, die Axone im Rückenmark aber nicht? Können transplantierte Stammzellen oder Biopolymere die Regeneration wieder ermöglichen? Sind Bioprothesen in der Lage, amputierte Arme oder Beine funktionell zu ersetzen? Der Neurowissenschaftler Lars Klimaschewski beantwortet diese Fragen und berichtet über spannende Erkenntnisse aus der Anatomie, Zell- und Molekularbiologie sowie aus der Neurotechnologie. Erfahren Sie unter anderem, wie eine Gehirn-Computer-Schnittstelle Signale aus dem Gehirn verarbeitet, um über Elektroden die Arm- oder Beinmuskeln nach einer Querschnittslähmung wieder anzusteuern.