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This book deals with the synthesis, properties and applications of titanium dioxide (TiO2) which is a naturally occurring oxide of the element titanium. In nature these oxides are found in well-known minerals such as Rutile, Anatase and Brookite. However, it is most commonly extracted from titanium tetrachloride by carbon reduction and re-oxidization. Alternatively, it may be processed from another oxide called ilmenite, which is subjected to reduction with sulphuric acid to achieve pure titanium dioxide.

Grain growth is the result of the collective migration of the grain boundaries of a polycrystal. Since grain boundaries are very complex elements, grain growth is complex as well. The mathematical description of the grain boundary requires four parameters in the two-dimensional case and eight parameters in the threedimensional one. The evolution of the microstructure in the course of grain growth is determined by the grain boundary mobility and energy; both properties depend on all the parameters for the definition of the grain boundary. Since triple lines, quadruple points and chemical composition play an important role, grain boundary becomes even more complex. The modeling of the grain growth requires the consideration of all the factors that affect grain growth. In the present dissertation, a Vertex Model for the simulation of two- and three-dimensional grain growth is implemented. The two-dimensional model was corroborated with classic basic theories on grain growth. Simulation on normal grain growth showed scaling behavior und a deviation of less than 1% when compared with the von Neumann-Mullins relationship. Furthermore, the model validated the theory on the finite mobility of the triple junctions from Gottstein and Shvindlerman and with this the model showed its applicability for the simulation of more complex granular aggregates with a finite triple junction mobility. The model also allows the use of experimental data. For instance, it was utilized for the reproduction of an experimental setting of magnetic influenced grain growth in pure titanium samples. The results of the simulation demonstrated that a magnetic field can determined the texture and grain growth kinetics of magnetic anisotropic metals. Simulation can also help to understand unexpected experimental results. For example, it was explained by means of molecular static and vertex model simulation the faceting of certain grain boundaries in aluminum. For this purpose, the grain boundary energy was obtained from molecular-static simulation and subsequently used in Vertex simulation. The results showed that the faceting of the grain boundaries can be attributed to the anisotropy of the grain boundary energy with the inclination angle. In turn, the 3D model was utilized to study the effect of the boundary junctions on three-dimensional grain growth. For this purpose a special configuration that allows the steady-state motion of the grain boundaries was used. The simulation results showed a very good agreement with the theoretical expectations and demonstrated that the finite mobility of the quadruple junctions can drag grain boundary migration. However, it was also found that triple lines drag more effectively grain growth.

To meet weight, quality, and cost targets, it is essential to design, develop, and manufacture optimal, cost- effective welded structures that take into consideration material, process, and dimensioning procedures. For effective design, a weld designer must have a comprehensive grasp of welding basics, associated metallurgy, and fabrication and characterization processes. Advanced Welding Techniques highlights breakthroughs in advances in welding methods and provides readers with the ability to accurately identify the appropriate welding processes and optimal improvement methods for intended applications. It offers comprehensive guidance on welding design to ensure readers are equipped to provide solutions to any technical malfunctions they may encounter, including: Supplies essential stepwise knowledge on design for welding, starting with the fundamentals to the complex Covers role of filler metals and parameters on welding performance, emerging and advanced welding techniques, and advantages and limitations of various methods Discusses integration of additive manufacturing and welding Contains practical applications Considers challenges and future scope for further research as well as future challenges This book offers students, academics, researchers, scientists, engineers, and industry experts a comprehensive overview of the most recent breakthroughs in advanced welding methods and their applications to joining various metals and their alloys.

The focus of this book is to cover the fundamentals, methodological approaches, and diverse applications of smart systems. Smart Systems discusses important topics such as the Internet of Things-enabled smart systems, artificial intelligence, ergonomics, digital twin, and quality assurance frameworks in smart systems. It addresses methodological approaches in diverse sectors such as service, agriculture, product design, and development.This book: Discusses important concepts such as customer satisfaction, product design, and product lifestyle management in a comprehensive manner Presents methodological techniques like optimization approaches, qualitative approaches, and multi-criteria decision-making Examines critical issues, including sustainability, ergonomics, quality assurance, and accuracy Covers the Internet of Things-enabled smart systems and artificial intelligence in smart systems Elaborates on management strategies, and quality assurance framework for smart systems The text is primarily written for senior undergraduate/graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of mechanical engineering, manufacturing engineering, industrial engineering, production engineering, and aerospace engineering.

This laboratory manual offers a broad introduction to the chemistry of transition elements and more specifically to the chemistry of titanium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, cadnium and mercury. The book includes preparation and properties of these transition metals and introduces the chemistry student to the laboratory skills required for accurate and precise chemical analysis.

System Innovation for an Artificial Intelligence Era: Applied System Innovation X contains the papers presented at the IEEE 10th International Conference on Applied System Innovation (ICASI 2024, Kyoto, Japan, 17-21 April 2024. Of the more than 600 submitted papers from 12 different countries, after review approximately a quarter was accepted for publication. The book aims to provide an integrated communication platform for researchers from a wide range of topics including information technology, communication science, applied mathematics, computer science, advanced material science, and engineering. System Innovation for an Artificial Intelligence Era: Applied System Innovation X enhances interdisciplinary collaborations between science and engineering and is aimed at academics and technologists interested in the above mentioned areas.

This book presents select proceedings of the International Conference on Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials (PFAM 2023). It covers the latest research in the areas of processing, fabrication, characterization, and evaluation of traditional, advanced, and emerging materials. The topics covered include various properties and performance attributes of modern-age materials. It further covers their applications in areas such as aerospace and other space-related industries, automobile, marine and defense, biomedical and healthcare, electronics and communications, energy storage/harvesting, heavy equipment, machinery and goods, and semiconductor materials manufacturing. The book is a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in processing and fabrication of advanced materials and allied fields.

The book is intended to cover the different types of materials used in modern engineering applications. The book begins with an introductory chapter on the basic concepts of materials science. Subsequently, it includes a detailed overview of metals, alloys, ceramics, polymers, composites, textiles, 2D/nanomaterials, and biomaterials, exploring their structure and properties, processing techniques, and characterization methods. Last chapter of the book is dedicated on materials sustainability including life cycle assessment and its role in sustainable materials design. The book examines the environmental impact of different materials and processing techniques and explores strategies for minimizing this impact. Overall, this book will prove to be an excellent resource for undergraduate students and professionals working in domain of materials and allied areas. To the best of our knowledge, no other book available in the market comprehensively explores the engineering materials to such a breadth.

This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 11th International Conference on Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, synthesis and their applications. The book will be interesting for leading scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students in material and nanoscience. This book's companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, nanoelectronics, energy storage and nanochemistry applications.

This book aims at bringing together academic and industry, researchers in mechanical engineering and their worldwide partners in a stimulating environment. ISIEA is an annual event that takes place in Bolzano and is organized by the Industrial Engineering and Automation macro-area of the Free University of Bozen/Bolzano. The main theme of the 2024 edition covers all major areas of R&D and innovation in advanced mechanical engineering. Special sessions on tribology and materials, modeling and simulations, powertrains, applied mechanics and robotics have been presented. Special track related to life and efficiency of bearings; cycloidal speed reducers; multi-physics modeling approaches; infrared thermography; planning and control of robotic and mechatronic systems; mobile field robotics; formulations and applications of structural and multibody dynamics; innovative solutions for safer and more sustainable mobility; artificial intelligence in manufacturing and mechanical engineering; advancements in aerospace technologies; innovative engineering education; SME 5.0: intelligent, sustainable and human-centered SMEs have been presented.

The discovery of new materials and the manipulation of their exotic properties for device fabrication is crucial for advancing technology. Nanoscience, and the creation of nanomaterials have taken materials science and electronics to new heights for the benefit of mankind. Advanced Materials and Nanosystems: Theory and Experiment covers several topics of nanoscience research. The compiled chapters aim to update readers by highlighting modern developments in materials science theory and experiments. The significant role of new materials in future technology is also demonstrated. The book serves as a reference for curriculum development in technical institutions and research programs in the field of physics, chemistry and applied areas of science like materials science, chemical engineering and electronics.This part covers 11 topics in these areas:1- Role of Plasmonic Metal-semiconductor Heterostructure in Photo Catalytic Hydrolysis and Degradation of Toxic Dyes2 -BaZrO3-Based Ceramics and Ceramic Composites as Smart Materials for Advanced Applications3 -A High-capacity Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries is Sili-graphene Type SiC34 -An Introduction to the Fabrication of White Light-emitting Diodes5 -Electronic and Piezoelectric Properties of Nonmetal Doped II-VI Monolayer Compounds6- A Theoretical Investigation on the New Quaternary MAX-phase Compounds7- Surface Segregation in Pt 3 Nb and Pt 3 Ti using Density Functional-based Methods.8- Nanoparticles and Environmental Health9 -Investigation for Optimum site for adsorption and population effect of Lithium on Silicene Monolayer10- Strategies for Synthesizing Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Challenges11- Heterogeneous Semiconductor Photocatalysis for Water Purification: Basic Mechanism and Advanced Strategies

This book gives an update on recent developments in the mentioned areas of modern engineering design application. Different engineering disciplines such as mechanical, materials, computer and process engineering provide the foundation for the design and development of improved structures, materials and processes. The modern design cycle is characterized by an interaction of different disciplines and a strong shift to computer-based approaches where only a few experiments are performed for verification purposes. A major driver for this development is the increased demand for cost reduction, which is also connected to environmental demands. In the transportation industry (e.g. automotive), this is connected with the demand for higher fuel efficiency, which is related to the operational costs and the lower harm for the environment. One way to fulfil such requirements are lighter structures and/or improved processes for energy conversion. Another emerging area is the interaction of classical engineering with the health, medical, and environmental sectors.

This book presents the proceedings of the International Workshop on Engineering Methodologies for Medicine and Sports (EMMS), held in Rome, Italy on February 7-9, 2024. It includes peer-reviewed papers on emerging engineering methodologies applied to biomedicine and sports, discussing topics such as advanced biomaterials, biodegradable implants, additive manufacturing of prosthesis, surface design, fabrication of bioreactors, design of biomechanical devices, rehabilitation and prevention, AI applications to medicine, biosensors, medical signal analysis, medical sensors, detection and monitoring of substances dangerous for health, biomechanics, assessment of sport performance, sport activity as a diagnostic device. A valuable, up-to-date resource, it offers an essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

The book focuses on multiple areas of manufacturing, including cutting-edge material processing technologies, custom-made materials, metallic and non-metallic materials, new engineering experiments, contemporary machining, joining, surface modification, and process optimization techniques. Readers will find in this volume an extensive exploration of various advanced manufacturing and material engineering topics. It includes a detailed examination of aluminum grades and their applications, an overview of cold spray additive manufacturing, and a discussion on Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) for cladding low-carbon steel plates. The volume also presents innovative approaches to brake pedal design using topology optimization, analysis of resistance-spot welding quality, and the impact of shot peening on the corrosion behavior of SiC Particle Reinforced Aluminum Composite. It highlights crucial factors in 3D printed component strength, reviews 3D milling operations with ABAQUS, and delves into the rare ferroelectric material Fresnoite. The book surveys visual sensing technologies for weld pool analysis, simulates Claus Sulfur Recovery Units with Aspen Plus, and discusses ultrasonic-assisted stir casting for metal matrix nanocomposites. It also covers the joining of dissimilar magnesium alloys, advancements in electrochemical surface coatings, unconventional machining techniques, surface coating processes using pulsed power systems, natural fiber-reinforced composite fabrication, and process parameter optimization in laser beam welding using NSGA-II. Audience The book will interest researchers in academia and industry engineers in advanced manufacturing, materials science, surface science, adhesion and coatings, production engineering, civil engineering, and welding.

The text begins by discussing the processing and characterization of nano-manufactured resorbable bionanocomposites and presents the latest advances in carbon-based polymer nanocomposite materials for sensing applications. It further presents different characterization techniques such as scanning electron, transmission electron, atomic force microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction for the identification of bionanocomposites.This book:• Introduces nano-manufactured processed composites for biomedical application, processing, and characterization of bionanocomposites.• Presents biobased nano-manufactured processed composites for imaging, tissue repairing, and drug-delivery applications.• Explains future trends of nano-manufactured composites in 3D bio-implants and fluorescent bioimaging.• Highlights the challenges and perspectives of polymeric nano-manufactured composites for biomedical applications.• Covers multifunctional nano-manufactured bio-composites, and advances in polymeric membranes for healthcare applications.It is primarily written for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and academic researchers in the fields of manufacturing engineering, biomedical engineering, materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering, and production engineering.

Sustainable biomaterials are used as substitutions for traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical, environmental engineering, medical, and other industries. This book presents the current knowledge and recent developments on the characterization and application of sustainable biomaterials with biomanufacturing 4.0 techniques. The book also describes the unique properties of various classes of sustainable biomaterials, making them highly suitable for many industrial applications.Advances in Sustainable Biomaterials: Bioprocessing 4.0, Characterizations, and Applications presents key chapters on smart biopolymer composites production and processing methods and provides a wide range of applications in a variety of fields such as medical, food, agriculture, electronics, manufacturing, and chemical engineering. The book features the most recent and detailed information on advancements in biopolymer biomaterials and emphasizes synthesis, characterization, modeling, manufacturing, and testing strategies.Written to be used as a resource guide on biomaterials and innovations, undergraduate and postgraduate students studying manufacturing and materials science will find this book very useful in addition to those working in mechanical engineering, biomedical engineering, manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, and electronics engineering fields. The book can also be used as additional classroom reading for an advanced course on biomaterials modeling and optimization.

Waterjet technology involves complex flow phenomena, which include supersonic, turbulent, compressible, and three-phase interactions. This book, by the editor and colleagues, distills three decades of R&D expertise from Flow Industries, Inc. and OMAX Corp., based in Kent, Washington, USA. Organized into 10 sections and 32 chapters, it blends physical experiments and limited computational fluid dynamics analyses as R&D methodologies. Through flow visualization and probe measurement, the book characterizes waterjet geometry, water-droplet and abrasive speeds, surface roughness and edge qualities of machined parts, and more. It showcases advancements in micro abrasive-waterjet technology, recognized as a 2016 R&D 100 Awards finalist and honored with the 2016 Tibbitts Award from the U.S. Small Business Administration.

This clinical guide, now in an extensively revised second edition, describes the latest developments in planning, materials, and techniques for successful fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). The fabrication of conventional and digital RPDs are demonstrated in a simple and easy-to-understand format, with the aid of numerous color figures and video clips with scientific support on each page. Care has been taken to provide reliable guidance on all aspects of clinical practice relating to RPDs. Readers will find information on decision-making regarding treatment options, clasp-retained RPDs and esthetic solutions, attachments and double crown systems in RPDs, implant-assisted RPDs, maintenance and post-insertion problems for all types of RPDs, the role of RPDs in the management of temporomandibular disorders and the treatment of maxillofacial defects, the re-establishment of occlusal vertical dimension and maximal intercuspation, the rules for disinfection in prosthodontic practice.

Special topic volume with invited peer-reviewed papers only

This book comprises the select proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Industrial Tribology (ICIT), IndiaTrib-2022, jointly organized by the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India, and the Tribology Society of India. It covers recent developments in the broad field of tribology. Apart from the traditional fields in tribology, this book also covers many new emerging fields such as artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in tribology, bio-tribology, 3D printing, etc. This book is highly useful for researchers and professionals in the field of tribology, mechanical engineering, production engineering, aerospace engineering, nuclear engineering, and engineering materials.

“Biomedical Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol” is a comprehensive review of the latest research findings on the biomedical effects of 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR), a compound widely used as an antiseptic and food additive to prevent melanosis. Over the past two decades, the author has conducted extensive studies on 4HR, uncovering additional properties and applications that extend far beyond its traditional uses. This book aims to provide a thorough understanding of 4HR's numerous mechanisms and potential applications, with a focus on its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The book, “Biomedical Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol,” is poised to fill this critical knowledge gap. It will captivate professionals in the realms of biomedical research, medicine, and pharmacology, as well as students pursuing these disciplines. What truly sets our book apart is its unique concentration on 4HR and the wide-ranging applications in biomedical research and clinical practice. As interest in alternative therapeutic approaches continues to grow, along with the increasing acknowledgment of the value of natural compounds, this book is perfectly positioned to become an indispensable resource for researchers, clinicians, and aspiring professionals alike.

In the field of academic scholarship, there is a lack of comprehensive resources addressing the advancements and applications of powder metallurgy, specifically focusing on the technique of mechanical alloying. Many existing books only cover the basics of powder preparation, sintering methods, and general applications, leaving scholars without a thorough understanding of the subject. This knowledge gap limits the potential for innovative research and hinders the progress of metallurgy and mechanical engineering. Advancements in Powder Metallurgy: Processing, Applications, and Properties is the much-needed comprehensive reference for a better understanding of the complex applications of powder metallurgy. This groundbreaking book brings together twenty-one chapters authored by renowned pioneers in the field. It offers an in-depth exploration of mechanical alloying, providing scholars with comprehensive knowledge about the evolution of this technique, various alloy preparation methods, their advantages and limitations, and the synthesis of nanostructured materials. Unlike other books, this volume goes beyond the basics, covering the fabrication of a wide range of alloys, including biomaterials, hybrid nanomaterials, smart materials, super alloys, and ceramic materials, using mechanical alloying. By consolidating such diverse and essential information in one resource, this book fills a significant gap in the existing literature. It equips academic scholars and engineering students with the necessary knowledge to unlock the potential of mechanical alloying and make meaningful contributions to the field. Advancements in Powder Metallurgy: Processing, Applications, and Properties promises to inspire a new wave of research, rekindle interest in metallurgy and mechanical engineering, and empower scholars to explore novel applications and contribute to the advancements in this field.

Functional Bio-based Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Bedside explores the use of bio-based materials for the regeneration of tissues and organs. The book presents an edited collection of 28 topics in 2 parts focused on the translation of these materials from laboratory research (the bench) to practical applications in clinical settings (the bedside). Chapter authors highlight the significance of bio-based materials, such as hydrogels, scaffolds, and nanoparticles, in promoting tissue regeneration and wound healing.Topics included in the book include:- the properties of bio-based materials, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to mimic the native extracellular matrix.- fabrication techniques and approaches for functional bio-based material design with desired characteristics like mechanical strength and porosity to promote cellular attachment, proliferation, and differentiation- the incorporation of bioactive molecules, such as growth factors, into bio-based materials to enhance their regenerative potential.- strategies for the controlled release of molecules to create a favorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration.- the challenges and considerations involved in scaling up the production of bio-based materials, ensuring their safety and efficacy, and obtaining regulatory approval for clinical usePart 2 covers advanced materials and techniques used in tissue engineering. Topics focus on advanced composite materials for 3D scaffolds and the repair of tissues in different organs such as the heart, cornea, bone and ligaments. Materials highlighted in this part include polyamide composites, electrospun nanofibers, and different bio-based hydrogels.Functional Bio-based Materials for Regenerative Medicine: From Bench to Bedside is a valuable reference for researchers in biomedical engineering, cell biology, and regenerative medicine who want to update their knowledge on current developments in the synthesis and application of functional biomaterials.

High-Entropy Alloys: Design, Manufacturing, and Emerging Applications presents cutting-edge advances in the field of these materials, covering their mechanics, methods of manufacturing, and applications, all while emphasizing the link between their structure/microstructure and functional properties. The book starts with a section on the fundamentals of high-entropy alloys (HEAs), with chapters discussing their thermodynamics, subgroups (transition metal; refractory; ceramics; metallic glasses and more), physical metallurgy, and microstructural characterization. The next section features chapters which look at manufacturing processes of HEAs, such as liquid metallurgy synthesis, in-situ synthesis, additive manufacturing, machine learning, friction stir welding, and fabrication of coatings for HEAs. The final section of the book covers applications of these materials, including their use as irradiation-resistant structural materials, catalyst materials, electrode materials, HEAs for solid hydrogen storage, and more. The book is a key resource for academic researchers, grad students, and industry professionals working with HEAs across a range of disciplines and applications including aerospace, functional materials, catalyst materials, gas storage, sensing, super-conducting materials, biomedical, civil engineering, energy storage, and energy materials. - Covers the mechanics, manufacturing, and applications of functionally-oriented high-entropy alloys (HEAs) - Discusses the metallurgical composition of HEAs, their microstructural characterization, thermal stability, and how to manufacture them via powder metallurgy, additive manufacturing, and friction stir welding - Reviews applications of HEAs such as for irradiation-resistant structural materials, in biomedical settings, as catalyst materials, for solid hydrogen storage, and more

Heat Exchangers: Mechanical Design, Materials Selection, Nondestructive Testing, and Manufacturing Methods, Third Edition covers mechanical design of pressure vessels and shell and tube heat exchangers, including bolted flange joint design, as well as selection of a wide spectrum of materials for heat exchanger construction, their physical properties, corrosion behavior, and fabrication methods like welding.Discussing the basics of quality control, the book includes ISO Standards for QMS, and references modern quality concepts such as Kaizen, TPM, and TQM. It presents Six Sigma and Lean tools, for heat exchangers manufacturing industries. The book explores heat exchanger manufacturing methods such as fabrication of shell and tube heat exchangers and brazing and soldering of compact heat exchangers.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of heat exchanger design, including pressure vessel manufacturers.

This collection presents papers from the 153rd Annual Meeting & Exhibition of The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society.

Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition, 13-vol set, consolidates and enhances the most up-to-date literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Coverage encompasses solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing. Additional discussion includes plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Building and expanding on the previous edition, it includes recent developments and advances in the field, such as updated processing technologies, costs and characterizations. This new edition will also explore sustainability and environmental impact of materials processing in greater detail. Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition will serve as a valuable, one-stop resource to students, academics, and researchers in the fields of engineering and materials science, as well as those in adjacent fields. Industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive resource. - Updated to include recent developments in the field, such as updated processing technologies and costs - Explores sustainability and the environmental impact of materials - Includes practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality - Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information into one concise resource with consistently formatted chapters

This book introduces the emerging areas of laser-based manufacturing such as additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs), joining of hard-to-weld superalloys, damage-free machining of fiber-reinforced composites, surface properties enhancement using cladding techniques, and modeling and simulation of laser beam manufacturing techniques. Laser Applications in Manufacturing provides a quick guide for researchers and academicians to recent advancements in the development of powder-based MMCs manufactured using AM technology.This book: shows recent developments in functionally graded sheets or laminates and fabrication of fiber-reinforced composite using sheet lamination printing lists recent developments in the joining of dissimilar materials in diverse applications such as hybrid structures and lightweight components for increased performance and functionality includes many recent developments in machining carbon fiber, glass fiber, and natural fiber composite laminates for investigations of delamination and surface quality characteristics showcases different aspects of surface alloying of miniature components, hard and soft composite coating for various applications Laser Applications in Manufacturing is recommended for researchers working on fabrication of numerous new and novel materials. The book serves as a resource for scientists and engineers working in laser-based manufacturing techniques who want to learn about the most up-to-date research.

The book marks the Platinum Jubilee of the Indian Institute of Metals, closely matching independent India's age. It is envisaged as a compilation of technical articles tracing the birth and growth trajectory of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in the nation, attempting a degree of prognostication covering the next quarter of a century. It contains the essence of the metallurgical research and development and industrial progress India has witnessed in the last 75 years. This book comprises technical articles written by industry leaders and eminent technocrats. It includes overviews by distinguished researchers who have strived to build foundations of new metallurgical research and engineering fields. It includes learned writings of persons associated with premier institutions heavily dependent on metallurgy and materials. They have made seminal contributions by nurturing the growth of metallurgical research and industrial production or have made first-hand contributions to building the great organisations we have today. Coinciding with the Platinum Jubilee year of the Indian Institute of Metals, this book brings out the enormous efforts of these individuals representing their organisations to share insights that led to their success as an entity. Similarly, several professionals who significantly contributed to the understanding of metallurgical engineering, have held important positions and steered the national strategic programmes or academically nurtured students in their illustrious careers also share their journey in this book. This book chronicles the significant advances made in the field of metallurgical science, engineering and technology in India, presenting the historical perspective and prospects in the format of a technical volume.

The text focuses on the role and the importance of 3D printing in new product development processes. It covers various aspects such as the 3D printing revolution and Industry 4.0, sustainability and 3D printing, and economics of 3D printing. It discusses important concepts, including 3D printing, rapid prototyping, mechanical and physical properties of 3D printed parts, nanomaterials, and material aspects of 3D printing.Features1. Presents recent advances such as Industry 4.0, 4D printing, 3D material mechanical characterization, and printing of advanced materials.2. Highlights the interdisciplinary aspects of 3D printing, particularly in biomedical, and aerospace engineering.3. Discusses mechanical and physical properties of 3D printed parts, material aspects, and process parameters.4. Showcases topics such as rapid prototyping, medical equipment design, and biomimetics related to the role of 3D printing in new product development.5.Covers applications of 3D printing in diverse areas, including automotive, aerospace engineering, medical, and marine industry.It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and researchers in diverse engineering domains, including manufacturing, mechanical, aerospace, automotive, and industrial.

The formability features of sheets made of the alloy Al 8011 are examined experimentally and the results are compared with the numerical ones in this research. Through an axisymmetric finite element simulation of the Erichsen cupping test, formability characteristics were evaluated. The Erichsen cupping test was used to exam□ine the effects of several factors, including friction at the punch-sheet contact and sheet thickness. The nonlinear finite element method is used to calculate the dome height, stress, and strain values for the aluminum sheet, and the results are then compared to the numerical ones. The findings demonstrated that the Al 8011 alloy's form□ability greatly rises with increasing sheet thickness. The formability is significantly impacted by the lubricant. The application of the finite element technique to forecast the formability of Al 8011 alloy.

This book introduces the laser hybrid additive manufacturing technology (LHAM) with alternately thermal and mechanical effects for the high-performance manufacturing of key components. Metal additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have made considerable progress in the basic theoretical field since its invention in the 1970s. However, there are still some difficulties in the coordinated control of the structure and performance, containing the challenges of “structure control” against deformation and cracking of the formed metallic components incurred by internal stress and “performance control” against poor fatigue property of formed metallic components incurred by metallurgical defects. This book surveys the most relevant papers about the influence of laser shock wave on the microstructural evolution, residual stress, metallurgical defect, and mechanical properties that have become the foundation to elucidate the principles and effects of LHAM technology. This book is separated into four parts to fully present the LHAM technology. The first part reviews the background of LHAM technology. The second part explains the theoretical basis of the thermal effects of laser additive manufacturing (LAM) and mechanical effects of laser shock peening (LSP). The other two parts specifically describe the microstructural evolution, residual stress, metallurgical defect, and mechanical properties using LHAM technology. This book benefits the audience in the field of mechanical engineering and materials sciences, since LHAM technology is suitable for the manufacturing and applications of the key components of aero-engine. The analysis in the book helps the audience deeply understand the mechanism of LHAM technology. The authors'unique thinking about LHAM technology also runs through the book, which may enlighten the audience to further develop LHAM technology.

Understand functional coatings and their role in three key industries of the future Functional coatings play a huge range of roles in industries from automotive to aerospace to electronic and beyond. They offer protection, performance enhancement, corrosion resistance, self-cleaning properties, and more. Recent developments in the field have allowed for ever more precise optimization of functional coatings, with the result that demand for these key tools is only likely to increase. Functional Coatings for Biomedical, Energy, and Environmental Applications offers a comprehensive overview of these coatings and their applications in three explosively productive industries. A team of expert contributors provides chapters analyzing the latest developments in this growing area of production, with a particular focus on the dynamic relationship between functional coatings and their many applications. The result is an interdisciplinary text which will serve as an essential resource for researchers and industry professionals worldwide. Readers will also find: Analysis of functional coatings for dental implants, pool boilers, solar cells, and many more Detailed discussion of coating properties including superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, controlled drug release, and more Key contributions to the great environmental challenges of the twenty-first century This book is a must-own for researchers in chemistry, engineering, energy, materials science, and more, as well as for industry professionals working with coating and other aspects of research and development in biomedical, energy, or environmental industries.

This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 10th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM'2023), held on December 18-20, 2023, in Hammamet, Tunisia. It reports on research findings, advanced methods and industrial applications relating to materials science and engineering, surface finishing and coating and manufacturing and additive manufacturing. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, and with a good balance of theory and practice, this second volume of a 2-volume set offers a timely snapshot, and a useful resource for both researchers and professionals in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems.

At just half the weight of steel and nickel-based superalloys, titanium and its alloys stand out primarily due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength, and low density. Such distinctive properties make titanium attractive for a variety of applications, including aerospace, sports and leisure, and industrial uses.The book aims to cover important aspects of titanium metallurgy, from the basic characteristics of titanium to its advanced applications.The introductory chapter introduces the metallurgical background, physical and mechanical properties of titanium, with insights into specialty titanium alloys and titanium matrix composites. The book also discusses the correlation between microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys along with various heat-treatment opportunities that exist for tailoring the properties to achieve excellent performance in a variety of products. Additionally, the variety of applications of titanium and its alloys in aerospace and non-aerospace markets are documented in detail.Serving an updated account of recent developments with respect to titanium and its alloys, this book is an excellent, timely, and comprehensive reference for materials scientist and engineers who wish to gain knowledge about these engineering materials.

Abbaschian/Abbaschian's PHYSICAL METALLURGY PRINCIPLES, 5th Edition, is specifically designed for students taking introductory courses in physical metallurgy within engineering at the junior or senior level. The approach is student-friendly, mostly theoretical, and covers all aspects of physical metallurgy and how metals and alloys behave. The content aligns with current learning trends -- emphasizing a more fundamental approach to engineering education. Its easy-to-read format effectively conveys the essential information, complemented by strategically placed figures throughout the chapters to improve understanding.

This book covers the industrial aspects of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for solid-state lighting (SSL). The author targets his approach primarily to industrial engineers, in order to guide them in the LED industry. The coverage is highly-applied and based on author's 32 years of experience in the LED industry and academia. The book starts by addressing the needs that new engineers encounter in an LED company, e.g., characterization, manufacturing, and applications. Later chapters introduce deeper science for more experienced engineers and academic readers. As a result, this book can benefit LED engineers throughout their career.

Advanced Materials for Emerging Applications is a monograph on emerging materials'; materials that have observable differences in physical properties and manufacturing requirements when compared to existing materials and industrial processes. The volume aims to showcase novel materials that can be used in advanced technology and innovative products.The editors have compiled 17 chapters grouped into 3 sections: 1) Metals and Alloys, 2) Composite materials, and 3) Other materials. Chapters 1-5 discuss recent advances in friction stir welding, suitability of nickel-base shape memory alloys, thermal cycling studies of nickel-based shape memory alloys, nitrogen additions to stainless steel, and the evolution of zirconium alloy. Chapters 6-11 cover topics such as additive manufacturing of metal matrix composites, composite materials for biomedical applications, aluminum and magnesium metal matrix composites, aluminum nanocomposites for automobile applications, enhancing the strength of aluminum-boron carbide composites, and sisal fibers reinforced composites. Lastly, chapters 13-17 explore smart hydrogels, engineered iron-oxide nanomaterials for magnetic hyperthermia, emerging sustainable material technology for fire safety, recent advances in unconventional machining of smart alloys, and critical parameters influencing high-strain rate deformation of materials.This monograph provides information for a broad readership including material and manufacturing engineers, researchers, students (at undergraduate levels or above) and entrepreneurs interested in manufacturing new products.

Selected peer-reviewed extended articles based on abstracts presented at the 6th International Conference on Science and Engineering (ICSE 2023)Aggregated Book

This expert and self-contained authored handbook provides comprehensive coverage of liquid crystals from the fundamental materials science, physics, and modeling through cutting-edge applications. Written by an author with over 40 years of active experience in this growing field, it offers an unprecedented self-contained treatment of this key research area.Liquid Crystals are a state of matter sharing properties that are usually associated with both solids and liquids. Their study belongs to wider field of soft condensed matter physics, an area growing in importance because of the new physics being discovered and the possibilities of various technological applications being developed. Liquid crystals continue to have a revolutionary technological impact and consistently pose new challenges of basic understanding. While the experimental side of liquid crystal research is very well developed, theoretical understanding has lagged, and this volume fills a gap in the published literature in terms of rigorous treatment of mathematical and computer modeling approaches.Volume II of this handbook deals with advanced aspects of liquid crystals and their applications, covering computer simulations of phase transitions in liquid crystals, liquid crystals of biomolecules, and defect textures in liquid crystals. Overall, this handbook serves as the ultimate scholarly guide for researchers, scientists, and engineers seeking to unlock the full potential of liquid crystals. It offers a comprehensive understanding of these materials and their diverse applications, empowering readers to navigate the complex intricacies of liquid crystal science and technology.

Analysis and Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Processes comprehensively covers sheet metal forming, from choosing materials, tools and the forming method to optimising the entire process through finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering.Beginning with an introduction to sheet metal forming, the book provides a guide to the various techniques used within the industry. It provides a discussion of sheet metal properties relevant to forming processes, such as ductility, formability, and strength, and analyses how materials should be selected with factors including material properties, cost, and availability. Forming processes including shearing, bending, deep drawing, and stamping are also discussed, along with tools such as dies, punches, and moulds. Simulation and modelling are key to optimising the sheet metal forming process, including finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering. Other topics included are quality control, design, industry applications, and future trends. The book will be of interest to students and professionals working in the field of sheet metal and metal forming, materials science, mechanical engineering, and metallurgy.

This book summarizes and provides a detailed overview of the enhanced mechanical and functional properties of bulk nanostructured metallic materials with respect to their potential applications. These applications include nanostructured Ti-based materials in bio-medical engineering, Al alloys and Cu in electrical engineering and nanostructured steels in construction engineering. Moreover, this book describes the application of severe plastic deformation for the formation of hybrid metal systems from simple powders and solid metals for an enhancement in the functional properties of materials. Authored by global leaders in the field, this book will serve as a bridge between researchers and professionals engineering the newest nanomaterials.

This book presents select proceedings of International Conference on Mechanical Engineering: Researches and Evolutionary Challenges (ICMech-REC 23). It covers the latest research in the areas of mechanical engineering and materials applications. Various topics covered in this book are materials (composite, nano-, advanced), design methodologies, Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing, thermodynamics, mechatronics, robotics, soft computing, and automation. The contents of this book are useful to the researchers and professionals working in the different areas of mechanical engineering.

Bone augmentation is a procedure to replace and repair fractured bone in extreme circumstances. The materials used in such grafting techniques must be biocompatible and might come from natural bone sources or synthetic materials. This book defines bone augmentation and describes different bone grafting materials, techniques, and applications. Recently developed materials are also explored.

The latest edition of the world's leading dermatology textbook Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 10th Edition is the most definitive, comprehensive and illustrated reference work in dermatology worldwide. Fully updated by experts from around the world, the book highlights the latest key evidence-based developments in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. A highly intuitive resource and invaluable clinical companion for both those training and those fully qualified in dermatology, other highlights of Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 10th Edition include: 1. Comprehensive review of essential basic science, skin biology and pharmacology 2. More than 3000 clinical illustrations 3. Histological images to aid clinicopathological correlation 4. Up-to-date management details for all major dermatological disorders including emerging infections 5. All chapters fully referenced together with highlighted key references 6. Quick reference to essential facts, treatment ladders and management algorithms 7. Chapter dedicated to global skin health and inequalities 8. Description of the spectrum of presentations in dermatoses in skin of colour 9. Thorough review of surgical and aesthetic dermatology 10. On-line videos of practical procedures Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 10th Edition is universally recognised as the most complete reference work for dermatologists of all experience levels and dermatology students worldwide.

Kohmi Sakurai loses his parents before his freshman year of college and relocates from Seattle to Kentucky to be near his only remaining relative, his half-brother Heiki, whom he barely knows. Heiki teaches at the local university and Kohmi enrolls there, despite fears about attending college in rural Kentucky as a gay Wiccan. However, Heiki is starting GASA, the Gender and Sexuality Alliance, as the faculty sponsor. Maybe Kohmi can start a new life after all: get to know his half-brother, have a supportive college experience in a community of fellow LGBTQIA+ people, fall in love, and settle down.Even better, the gorgeous redhead from Kohmi's composition class, Morey Ives, is at the first GASA meeting. Morey's Southern manners make it difficult to tell if he's genuinely into Kohmi or if he's just that good at being nice. As if Morey wasn't amazing enough, he's also Wiccan and comes from a long line of rural Wiccans, but he isn't conceited about it, unlike the “blood witches” Kohmi met in Washington state. Kohmi is officially infatuated.But the university president's son Keith also wants Morey and views Kohmi as an interloper. Also Wiccan, Keith intends to start a Wiccan club on campus, with or without his Catholic father's approval. When this fails to impress Morey or make an impression on Kohmi, Keith pays local dark magic pariahs to have demons scare Kohmi away.Unfortunately, it goes wrong, and a horde of demons is unleashed on everyone in Morey's social group, including Keith's brother. Worst of all? The people who summoned the demons can't un-summon them. Kohmi, Morey, Keith, and all their Wiccan friends must set aside their differences and work together to find a way to dismiss the demons. But every day the attacks get worse. Will their magic be powerful enough, or will the demons succeed in killing them?

This book provides an in-depth exploration of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys including various methods of preparation and production, their mechanical properties, and applications. The advantages of the mechanical alloying processing approach over other traditional powder metallurgical techniques is explained as are which alloys are best suited for this technique. Preparation steps, microstructures, properties, and applications for ferrous and non-ferrous alloys are compared, with insight on which alloys are best suited for preparation by alloying. The advantages and disadvantages of wet and dry milling are outlined. Processing, properties, and applications of high entropy alloys, ODS stainless steel, shape memory alloys, cermets, iron, copper, zinc, tungsten, aluminum, titanium, magnesium, and ceramic-based alloys are also covered, as are different powder preparation techniques and sintering methods. - Outlines the different types of mechanical alloying used to prepare powders, their mechanisms, factors affecting the process, and more - Covers the manufacturing, characteristics, and applications of high entropy alloys, ODS stainless steel, shape memory alloys, magnesium, ceramic-based alloys, and more - Compares preparation of ferrous and non-ferrous alloys, their microstructures, and properties - Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of wet and dry milling

Introduction to Condensed Matter Chemistry offers a general view of chemistry from the perspective of condensed matter chemistry, analyzing and contrasting chemical reactions in a more realistic setting than traditional thinking. Readers will also find discussions on the goals and major scientific questions in condensed matter chemistry and the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter. Processes and products of chemical reactions should not be determined solely by the structure and composition of these basic species but also by the complex and possibly multilevel structured physical and chemical environment, together referred to as their condensed state. Relevant matters in condensed state should be the main bodies of chemical reactions, which is applicable not only to solids and liquids but also to gas molecules as reactions among gas molecules can take place only in the presence of catalysts in specific condensed states or after their state transition under extreme reaction conditions. This book provides new insights on the liquid state chemistry, definitions, aspects, and interactions, summarizing fundamentals of main chemical reactions from a new perspective. - Helps to establish the new field of Condensed Matter Chemistry - Highlights the molecular engineering of functional condensed matter - Focuses on both liquid and solid state chemistry

The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources, Second Edition, is a comprehensive seven-volume set that serves as a vital interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With an increased focus on the environmental and economic impacts of electrochemical power sources, this work not only consolidates extensive coverage of the field but also serves as a gateway to the latest literature for professionals and students alike. The field of electrochemical power sources has experienced significant growth and development since the first edition was published in 2009. This is reflected in the exponential growth of the battery market, the improvement of many conventional systems, and the introduction of new systems and technologies. This completely revised second edition captures these advancements, providing updates on all scientific, technical, and economic developments over the past decade. Thematically arranged, this edition delves into crucial areas such as batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. It explores challenges and advancements in electrode and electrolyte materials, structural design, optimization, application of novel materials, and performance analysis. This comprehensive resource, with its focus on the future of electrochemical power sources, is an essential tool for navigating this rapidly evolving field. - Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications - Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers - Incorporates 365 articles, with timely coverage of environmental and sustainability aspects - Arranged thematically to facilitate easy navigation of topics and easy exploration of the field across its key branches - Follows a consistent structure and features elements such as key objective boxes, summaries, figures, references, and cross-references etc., to help students, faculty, and professionals alike