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Existing research on the rise of precarious forms of employment has paid little attention to gender and diversity challenges. Yet precarious work has damaging effects for vulnerable demographics, with women, ethnic minorities and people with disabilities more considerably affected. This volume unpacks this research and offers insights into the role of organizations in fostering inclusive change. It draws an awareness of precarious work and diversity in organizations in three ways: 1. Uncovers and documents the variety of issues facing vulnerable demographic groups at work. 2. Promotes greater scholarship on the link between precarious work and diversity during economic and social upheaval. 3. Develops a research program and agenda that sheds light into new and important aspects of precarious work and diversity issues. A group of international scholars come together to discuss ways to address these challenges and offer a way forward for the future.

Research on the growth of the precarious economy is of signifi cant interest as the economy increasingly becomes dependent on gig work. However, as platform and automated service work has grown, there remains a chasm in understanding the key aspects of digital labour.This handbook presents comprehensive theoretical, empirical, and historical accounts of the political economy of informal work from the late 20th century to the present.It examines the rich and varied analysis and critique of the informalisation of work, focusing on its most signifi cant theories, intellectual traditions, and authors. It highlights the political, social, cultural, and developmental impact of the deterioration of employment in the Global North and Global South, as well as the extreme threat posed to the planet by the growth of contingent work, poverty, and enduring and increasing inequalities produced and reproduced by the reformation of capitalism in the contemporary age of neoliberal capitalism. The period from the 1980s to the present is marked by the expanded extraction of surplus value from workers through the creation of non-standard jobs and the restructuring of work. A central component of the restructuring of work is the extension of gig employment through the development of algorithmic platforms which direct labourers to perform discrete tasks.This is a definitive collection, representing the primary reference work, contributing to our understanding of the subject.The book is written and presented in a clear manner, accessible to scholars and researchers of international political economy, labour economics, and sociology who are eager for new research examining this phenomenon, as well as specialists in the field of labour relations.Chapter 11 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license. Funded by the University of Amsterdam.

Overcoming the Exploitation of Passion in Videogame Labor: Playing with Passion examines the intersection of passion, precarity, and collocation to pinpoint where and how interventions can be made towards better working conditions. Jackson contends that videogames and passion are inextricably linked and explores this intrinsic link where passion is expected and valorized, be it in the context of play, work, or culture. Passion, Jackson argues, is the connective tissue that sews together the shared experiences that people all over the world will undertake through videogames, including winning close matches, experiencing new worlds, and forging new friendships. This book interrogates the outcomes of labor, videogames, and passion colliding – work and play become inextricably linked, and suddenly a ‘passion for games'becomes an insistent and expected ‘passion for work.'This, Jackson ultimately posits, leads to the current reality of much of the videogame production industry, where passion is used as a workplace policing tool and a way to push workers to periods of extended work, or crunch periods. Through theorizations regarding passion, bodies, assembly, and assemblage, this text wrestles with what can be done to manifest real change in the videogame industry. Scholars of media studies, technology, and labor studies will find this book of particular interest.

Angesichts der aktuellen Arbeitsbedingungen in Wissenschaft und Hochschule – zwischen Qualifizierung, Selbstoptimierung und Prekarisierung – hangeln sich Wissenschaftler•innen jenseits unbefristeter Professuren von einem befristeten Arbeitsvertrag zum nächsten. Unter prekarisierten Arbeitsbedingungen stemmen sie einen Großteil der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit in Forschung und Lehre. Der Band diskutiert diese Verhältnisse der Wissensproduktion aus theoretischen, historischen, politischen wie empirischen Blickrichtungen, wobei der Fokus der Analysen über ungleichheitstheoretische erziehungs- und sozialwissenschaftliche Perspektivierungen sowie solche angrenzender disziplinärer Felder grundiert ist. Er leistet damit auch einen Beitrag zu den Bestrebungen, für bessere Arbeitsbedingungen an Hochschulen und in der Wissenschaft einzutreten.

Despite recent achievements in the South Korean economy and development within welfare institutions, new forms of precarious work continue to prevail. This book introduces the concept of ‘melting labour', which refers to the blurring of boundaries between traditional forms of work and workplace and the dissolution of standard employment relationships. Presenting a theoretical framework at the intersection of ‘melting labour'and institutional protection of workers, it addresses how and why the Korean welfare state has failed to protect precarious workers. Based on rich, in-depth interviews with over 80 precarious workers in Korea, from subcontracted manufacturing workers to platform workers, it provides a real depiction of how workers lose control over their lives and experience precariousness in labour markets.

From Deliveroo to Amazon, digital platforms have drastically transformed the way we work. But how are these transformations being received and challenged by workers? This book provides a radical interpretation of the changing nature of worker movements in the digital age, developing an invaluable approach that combines social movement studies and industrial relations. Using case studies taken from Europe and North America, it offers a comparative perspective on the mobilizing trajectories of different platform workers and their distinct organizational forms and action repertoires. This is an innovative book that offers a complete view of the new labour conflicts in the platform economy.

Warum folgt aus einer prekären gesellschaftlichen Lage nicht automatisch ein politisches Subjekt? Dieser Grundfrage kritischer Gesellschaftstheorie widmet sich Phries Künstler und geht Prozessen prekärer Subjektivierung im Kontext von Mutterschaft und Erwerbslosigkeit nach. Anhand von Interviews mit Teilnehmerinnen von Aktivierungsmaßnahmen werden aus poststrukturalistischer Perspektive die Kämpfe untersucht, die unternommen werden müssen, um den eigenen Subjektstatus gegen die Gefahr der Verwerfung zu sichern. Damit leistet die Studie einen Beitrag zur Theoretisierung und Empirie von Subjektivierung im Horizont sozialer Ungleichheit, Prekarität und Politik.

This timely book addresses the key debates and challenges surrounding the future of work, covering the macro, meso and micro levels of gig work. It provides a consideration of the ways in which technology is shaping the lives of those working in the gig and digital platform economy within the 21st century.Written by leading experts in their respective fields, chapters cover a range of global issues concerning not only technology but the social relationships of gig work, management by algorithm, and how to regulate individual and collective voice in the remote gig economy. Utilising leading research and case studies from companies such as Uber and Deliveroo, the book considers what governments and the law can do to shape a better future for the worker voices and employment conditions of atypical and non-standard workers which, in turn, can help to better impact society.Missing Voice? will be a key resource for scholars and students researching employment conditions, worker and human rights, employment, and labour relations in the fields of business and human resource management, industrial relations and sociology. It will also be of interest to policy-makers, trade unions and think tanks who are interested in labour market changes and issues of worker voice and management practice in the gig economy more broadly.

The words ‘precarity'and ‘precariousness'are widely used when discussing work, social conditions and experiences. However, there is no consensus on their meaning or how best to use them to explore social changes. This book shows how scholars have mapped out these notions, offering substantive analyses of issues such as the relationships between precariousness, debt, migration, health and workers'mobilizations, and how these relationships have changed in the context of COVID-19. Bringing together an international group of authors from diverse fields, this book offers a distinctive critical perspective on the processes of precarization, focusing in particular on the European context. The Introduction, Chapters 3 and 8, and the Afterword are available Open Access via OAPEN under CC-BY-NC-ND licence.

An accessible analysis of the new forms of work whose seismic changes will increasingly determine the future of capitalismAutomation and the decline in industrial employment have lead to rising fears of a workless future. But what happens when your work itself is the thing that will make your job obsolete?In the past few years, online crowdworking platforms - like Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Clickworker - have become an increasingly important source of work, particularly for those in the Global South. Here, small tasks are assigned to people online, and are often used to train algorithms to spot patterns, patterns through machine learning those same algorithms will then be able to spot more effectively than humans. Used for everything from the mechanics of self-driving cars to Google image search, this is an increasingly powerful part of the digital ecomomy. But what happens to work when it makes itself obsolete. In this stimulating work that blends political economy, studies of contemporary work, and speculations on the future of capitalism, Phil Jones looks at what this often murky and hidden form of labour looks like, and what it says about the state of global capitalism.

Dans les 25 dernières années, la croissance de la précarité d'emploi s'est accentuée du Nord au Sud à un tel point que le travail n'est plus un rempart contre la pauvreté, mais constitue bien souvent le chemin qui y conduit. Si les marchés du travail et de l'emploi se sont profondément transformés, l'action publique a aussi joué un rôle ambivalent : d'un côté elle a facilité la précarisation de l'emploi en y adaptant les modes de régulation du travail, et de l'autre elle a structuré des régimes de protection sociale qui, lorsqu'ils existent, peinent à compenser les insuffisances de l'emploi précaire. À la suite de ces changements découlant de l'adoption de politiques néolibérales, les stratégies de résistance des travailleurs pauvres se sont adaptées. Alors que le syndicalisme est en déclin, leur identité collective se recompose autour de nouveaux types d'organisations et des formes novatrices d'action collective apparaissent en réponse aux transformations observées. Ce collectif, qui s'adresse tant aux universitaires qu'aux citoyens engagés dans des luttes sociales, présente un tour d'horizon empiriquement riche de la réalité contemporaine des travailleurs précaires qui, au Nord comme au Sud, sont confrontés au travail qui rend pauvre, mais qui, aussi, inventent de nouvelles manières d'y résister.

We are told that the future of work will be increasingly automated. Algorithms, processing massive amounts of information at startling speed, will lead us to a new world of effortless labour and a post-work utopia of ever expanding leisure. But behind the gleaming surface stands millions of workers, often in the Global South, manually processing data for a pittance.Recent years have seen a boom in online crowdworking platforms like Amazon's Mechanical Turk and Clickworker, and these have become an increasingly important source of work for millions of people. And it is these badly paid tasks, not algorithms, that make our digital lives possible. Used to process data for everything from the mechanics of self-driving cars to Google image search, this is an increasingly powerful part of the new digital economy, although one hidden and rarely spoken of. But what happens to work when it makes itself obsolete. In this stimulating work that blends political economy, studies of contemporary work, and speculations on the future of capitalism, Phil Jones looks at what this often murky and hidden form of labour looks like, and what it says about the state of global capitalism.

The gig economy can be viewed as the fuel that lit the fire of change in economies throughout the world. Flexible work grew out of a cultural shift in how we defined how we wished to work. The gig economy also grew out of a need, a need to earn more to keep pace with the inflation that nullified expected gains in purchasing power as wages increased. We no longer define work as related to the brick and mortar buildings that housed the traditional 9 to 5 job. Perhaps, the office-centric era is over as many companies have now made decisions relative to how and when their employees can work. Work from home is no longer a wish; it is a reality, and the gig economy has been the fuel that has helped companies realize new and better ways to engage labor and serve consumers. The future has arrived! The marketplace is favorable to new ways to purchase products and services. Gig opportunities will continue to grow as a meaningful way to earn income. The ultimate gig is ultimately the one that best matches the gig seeker's definition of what matters most. Our ultimate motivation for taking on the work of this book, this research project, is rooted in a belief that the gig economy is helping to define a new reality; flexibility and freedom in how work is done can be achieved. We believe in the free enterprise system. When we focus on contribution, we best explore the possibilities that improve the quality of any product or service and the quality of all the lives we touch.

This book presents the new Precariat – the rapidly growing number of people facing lives of insecurity, on zero hours contracts, moving in and out of jobs that give little meaning to their lives. The delivery driver who brings your packages, the uber driver who gets you to work, the security guard at the mall, the carer looking after our elderly...these are The Precariat. Guy Standing investigates this new and growing group, finding a frustrated and angry new underclass who are often ignored by politicians and economists. The rise of zero hours contracts, encouraged by fat cat corporations as risk-free employment, and by silicon valley as a way of outsourcing costs and responsibility, has been exacerbated by the COVID pandemic. At the same time, in its experience of lockdown, the western world is realizing the true value of these nurses, carers and key workers.The answer? The return of income security and meaningful work - the principles 20th century capitalism was built on. By making the fears and desires of the Precariat central to economic thinking, Standing shows how concepts like Basic Income are not just desirable but inevitable, and plots the way to a better future.

This book addresses the implications of current thinking on precarity, precariousness and the precariat for the study of International Relations and International Political Economy. Drawing on a broad range of critical theoretical resources including literatures on aesthetics and psychoanalysis as well as feminist, Foucauldian, Marxian and postcolonial social theory, it explores the implications of precarity thought for three concepts: Sovereignty, Solidarities and Work in International Relations. Does precarity re-inscribe or undermine the logic and practices of sovereignty? As a common condition and point of mobilization, does precarity represent a new labor activism or does it find ethical grounds for solidarities that destabilize identities? How is precarity located, practiced and occluded in work relations? Running counter to the contemporary impulse to grasp precarity and processes of its proliferation in homogenized terms as either being ensconced in national imaginaries, or asushering in a condition of global precarity and a global precariat class, the book also underscores the entanglements of the global, national and local in the discursive and material production of precarity and precariousness in the present conjuncture.

‘Making It'as a Contract Researcher examines the contemporary experience of research employment in universities from the perspective of a significant yet often invisible group: temporary or contract researchers, who make up a substantial, and ever-growing, proportion of the academic research workforce. A critical, pragmatic and international account of the contemporary research career, this book explores the question of what it means to ‘make it'as a contract researcher in academia, and how individuals and organisations in higher education might seek to do things differently.Providing the reader with practical and realistic strategies for improving the experience of being a contract researcher and achieving and sustaining an academic research career, this book guides the reader on a range of topics, including: Charging fairly for your work Building a publication track record Finding the next contract Sustaining your network Feeling like you belong Moving beyond contract research. Using a combination of current research, interviews and reflective writing, the book is written specifically for and by contract researchers in academia, offering unique and extremely valuable advice for all new and current contract researchers, including PhD students, early career researchers, and any party interested in pursuing a research career in academia. The ‘Insider Guides to Success in Academia'offers support and practical advice to doctoral students and early-career researchers. Covering the topics that really matter, but which often get overlooked, this indispensable series provides practical and realistic guidance to address many of the needs and challenges of trying to operate, and remain, in academia.These neat pocket guides fill specific and significant gaps in current literature. Each book offers insider perspectives on the often implicit rules of the game – the things you need to know but usually aren't told by institutional postgraduate support, researcher development units, or supervisors – and will address a practical topic that is key to career progression. They are essential reading for doctoral students, early-career researchers, supervisors, mentors, or anyone looking to launch or maintain their career in academia.

All of a sudden, everybody's talking about the gig economy. From taxi drivers to pizza deliverers to the unemployed, we are all aware of the huge changes that it is driving in our lives as workers, consumers and citizens. This is the first comprehensive overview of this highly topical subject. Drawing upon years of research, stories from gig workers, and a review of the key trends and debates, Jamie Woodcock and Mark Graham shed light on how the gig economy came to be, how it works and what it's like to work in it. They show that, although it has facilitated innovative new services and created jobs for millions, it is not without cost. It allows businesses and governments to generate value while passing significant risk and responsibility onto the workers that make it possible. This is not, however, an argument for turning back the clock. Instead, the authors outline four strategies that can produce a fairer platform economy that works for everyone. Woodcock and Graham's critical introduction will be essential reading for students, scholars and general readers interested in the massive shifts that characterize our modern digital economy.

An in-depth look at how employers today perceive and evaluate job applicants with nonstandard or precarious employment historiesMillions of workers today labor in nontraditional situations involving part-time work, temporary agency employment, and skills underutilization or face the precariousness of long-term unemployment. To date, research has largely focused on how these experiences shape workers'well-being, rather than how hiring agents perceive and treat job applicants who have moved through these positions. Shifting the focus from workers to hiring agents, Making the Cut explores how key gatekeepers—HR managers, recruiters, and talent acquisition specialists—evaluate workers with nonstandard, mismatched, or precarious employment experience. Factoring in the social groups to which workers belong—such as their race and gender—David Pedulla shows how workers get jobs, how the hiring process unfolds, who makes the cut, and who does not.Drawing on a field experiment examining hiring decisions in four occupational groups and in-depth interviews with hiring agents in the United States, Pedulla documents and unpacks three important discoveries. Hiring professionals extract distinct meanings from different types of employment experiences; the effects of nonstandard, mismatched, and precarious employment histories for workers'job outcomes are not all the same; and the race and gender of workers intersect with their employment histories to shape which workers get called back for jobs. Indeed, hiring professionals use group-based stereotypes to weave divergent narratives or “stratified stories” about workers with similar employment experiences. The result is a complex set of inequalities in the labor market.Looking at bias and discrimination, social exclusion in the workplace, and the changing nature of work, Making the Cut probes the hiring process and offers a clearer picture of the underpinnings of getting a job in the new economy.

Artificial intelligence will not necessarily create a super-intelligent “human robot”; however, it is very probable that intelligent robots and intelligent informats will bring about a form of super-globalization, in which money and goods are prioritized over people and democracy and where the widespread use of casual labour – that is, short-term contracts – will become the most common form of employment relationship. It is also very likely that artificial intelligence will bring about what is known as singularity. This term is used to describe a situation where intelligent robots, from a rational and logical perspective, are smarter than humans, i.e. the development of AI. This book explores the impact that these intelligent robots and intelligent informats will have on social and societal development. The author tackles the question of singularity from three distinct standpoints: technological singularity – the intelligence of machines compared to that of humans – which he argues will bring about a qualitatively new labour market; economic singularity – the consequences for work relationships, value creation and employment – which he asserts will promote full automation, result in precarious contracts with low salaries, and, in some countries, possibly lead to the introduction of a universal basic income; and social singularity – the consequences of technological and economic singularity for democratic processes, bureaucratic procedures for exercising authority and control, and the direction in which society will develop, in addition to the emergence of new social institutions – which Johannessen says will promote a transition from representative democracy to genuine democracy. The book will appeal to academics, researchers and students of economic sociology and political economy, as well as those focusing upon the emerging innovation economy. It will also find an audience among professionals and policymakers keen to understand the impact the Fourth Industrial Revolution will have on organizations, individuals and society at large.

El objetivo de este libro es dar a conocer la problemática del municipio de Jerez de la Frontera en materia de precariedad laboral desde el punto de vista del diagnóstico multidisciplinar y ofrecer posibles propuestas de actuación y mejora.Para alcanzar este objetivo, se parte del establecimiento de un marco teórico en el que se conceptualiza el término de precariedad laboral y se presenta una descripción del territorio de estudio, Jerez de la Frontera, realizando especial mención a la situación actual de su mercado de trabajo. Posteriormente, se profundiza en este último mediante el diseño y aplicación de un Índice de Precariedad Laboral y el análisis del impacto de la precariedad laboral en la salud de la población trabajadora. Finalmente, se aborda la percepción y opinión tanto de los trabajadores y trabajadoras del municipio en diferentes sectores, como de los representantes sindicales locales y del empresariado, aportando diferentes medidas y propuestas de actuación.Esta obra no sólo aporta una visión de la precariedad laboral desde un punto de vista multidisciplinar, abordando la temática enfoques (jurídico-criminológico, económico, estadístico y sociológico), sino que también lo hace a partir de una metodología mixta, combinando herramientas cuantitativas y cualitativas, así como diferentes técnicas de recopilación de información, como encuestas o grupos de discusión, entre otros. Todo ello hace del presente trabajo una interesante aportación al ámbito académico, tratando un tema tan complejo como importante y de suma actualidad, innovando sobre todo en su aplicación concreta al estudio de caso, el territorio de Jerez de la Frontera.

Sharing Mobilities focuses on the emergence of future sustainable and collaborative mobility cultures. At the intersection of physical and virtual capacity and access to people, goods, ideas, and services, this book poses fundamental challenges and opportunities for governance, economy, planning, and identity.The future of new collaborative forms of consumption and sharing would play a key role in the organization of everyday life and business. Sharing mobilities is more than simply sharing transport, and its diverse impacts on society and the environment demand thorough theory-led sociological research. With an extensive global range, the contributors present radical manifestations of sharing capacities throughout diverse countries, including Germany, Denmark, Japan, and Vietnam. The phenomenon of mobility is highly actual and social as well as politically relevant and urging.This collection focuses on open questions from the perspective of the mobilities turn while presenting state-of-the-art theory-based articles with applied perspectives. An ideal read for scholars based in social science and the interdisciplinary research on mobility, transports, and sharing economy. Sociologists, geographers, economists, urban governance researchers, and research students would also find this book of interest.

Choose your hours, choose your work, be your own boss, control your own income. Welcome to the sharing economy, a nebulous collection of online platforms and apps that promise to transcend capitalism. Supporters argue that the gig economy will reverse economic inequality, enhance worker rights, and bring entrepreneurship to the masses. But does it? In Hustle and Gig, Alexandrea J. Ravenelle shares the personal stories of nearly eighty predominantly millennial workers from Airbnb, Uber, TaskRabbit, and Kitchensurfing. Their stories underline the volatility of working in the gig economy: the autonomy these young workers expected has been usurped by the need to maintain algorithm-approved acceptance and response rates. The sharing economy upends generations of workplace protections such as worker safety; workplace protections around discrimination and sexual harassment; the right to unionize; and the right to redress for injuries. Discerning three types of gig economy workers—Success Stories, who have used the gig economy to create the life they want; Strugglers, who can't make ends meet; and Strivers, who have stable jobs and use the sharing economy for extra cash—Ravenelle examines the costs, benefits, and societal impact of this new economic movement. Poignant and evocative, Hustle and Gig exposes how the gig economy is the millennial's version of minimum-wage precarious work.

The “gig economy” is a relatively recent term coined to describe a range of working arrangements that have previously been denoted as precarious, flexible and contingent. These may include casual workers, temporary agency workers, those on zero-hours contracts and dependent contractors. This books seeks to get behind the contemporary buzz surrounding the term and provide some theoretical and empirical analysis of the gig work phenomenon. The book seeks to assess more critically some of the rhetorical claims made about gig work and to provide a balanced appraisal of the ramifications for individuals, employers and the economy and society in general of an increasingly insecure workforce. The regulatory framework, in particular, is examined and is shown to have lagged behind crucial developments in the gig economy, with many labour laws still historically rooted to the notion that a worker has to be an employee to be covered by employment rights. The authors show that in many respects there is nothing new about the gig economy and that its growth in recent years was in some sense predictable. Perhaps its real significance, they argue, is its potential as a business model to “gig-ize” other business operations far beyond relatively low-skilled work. When combined with automation and digitalization, the gig economy presents us with an opportunity to re-evalute our understanding of the nature of work.

No job? Fresh out of school? Laid off? In the rapidly emerging gig economy, millions of workers will never have a job. But they can have a lifetime of profitable and satisfying assignments and projects. Written by an adept consultant who hasn't had “permanent employment” since 9/11, this handy little book will help you survive – and thrive – as an independent contractor. Don't wait for someone else to decide your future – here's how to write your own story.

Increasingly, employees are being falsely treated as ‘self-employed'. This phenomenon – the ‘gig economy'– is seen as the inevitable shape of things to come. In this book, Colin Crouch takes a step back and questions this logic. He shows how the idea of an employee – a stable status that involves a bundle of rights – has maintained a curious persistence. Examining the ways companies are attacking these rights, from proffering temporary work to involuntary part-time work to ‘gigging', he reveals the paradoxes of the situation and argues that it should not and cannot continue. He goes on to propose reforms to reverse the perverse incentives that reward irresponsible employers and punish good ones, setting out an agenda for a realistic future of secure work. Crouch's penetrating analysis will be of interest to everyone interested in the future of work, the welfare state and the gig economy.

Immer mehr soloselbstständige Handwerker bieten ihre Dienstleistungen auf Internetportalen an. Für ihre Teilnahme am Arbeitsmarkt zahlen sie einen hohen Preis: unsichere Lebensplanung, radikale Marktabhängigkeit und Konkurrenzdruck. Sie kommen aus dem Niedriglohnbereich nicht raus und haben keine Aussicht auf eine staatliche Altersvorsorge. Das Ideal der Selbstverwirklichung verkehrt sich in sein Gegenteil. Letztlich bringt das postfordistische Produktionsmodell, wie Philipp Lorig in seiner Studie zeigt, ein neues Tagelöhnertum hervor, das auf längst überwunden geglaubte Arbeitsformen zurückgreift.

This edited collection provides a series of accounts of workers'local experiences that reflect the ubiquity of work's digitalisation. Precarious gig economy workers ride bikes and drive taxis in China and Britain; call centre workers in India experience invasive tracking; warehouse workers discover that hidden data has been used for layoffs; and academic researchers see their labour obscured by a ‘data foam'that does not benefit them. These cases are couched in historical accounts of identity and selfhood experiments seen in the Hawthorne experiments and the lineage of automation. This book will appeal to scholars in the Sociology of Work and Digital Labour Studies and anyone interested in learning about monitoring and surveillance, automation, the gig economy and the quantified self in the workplace.

While work-related insecurities and worker vulnerability induced by neoliberal globalisation are undeniably affecting an increasing number of workers around the world, Crossing the Divide reveals that the history and legacy of colonialism is shaping the response of the Global South in ways that are quite different from that of the North. Comparing work in India, Ghana, and South Africa, this book shows how innovative organisational strategies are emerging in the Global South to bridge the widening divide between the formal and informal economy. Farm workers are challenging colonial-type work practices. Municipal workers in Johannesburg and Accra are organising collectively. In India, Ghana, and South Africa, workers in domestic service, unregulated factories, and home-based work face difficult conditions with little or no union representation. Yet, these vulnerable workers are engaging in a range of creative strategies to fight for decent work and living conditions. The studies in this collection are predominantly ethnographic, drawing on the experiences of vulnerable workers through in-depth interviews, observation and, in some cases, large-scale surveys. Together they uncover the largely invisible world of the informal economy and vulnerable workers. [Subject: Sociology, Labor Studies, Ethnology]

The book is devoted to social and political interdependencies of life and work, the interdependencies in which the ideas of loss and deprivation are the founding incentives of the precariousness of the position and the status of the human subject. Loss of property in the economic sense, along with the loss of properties in epistemological terms have become a crucial measure of precarity through its dissociation from what Judith Butler calls “the organization and protection of bodily needs.” The book offers a proposition of multidisciplinary reading of origins and constructions of “anxiety of loss” as a constitutive trait of what may be called the “economization” (or, after Jean-Pierre Dupuy, “economystifacion”) of human condition through various discursive practices tying loss with lack, and in this way making the uncertainty of possessing certain properties into a sphere of politically controlled semi-ontological anxieties. The book also reads loss in terms of topographical disorientation and the idea of placelessness.

This book examines the new conditions under which professional work, often referred to as “knowledge-intensive work,” is organised and how professional groups who have traditionally been granted jurisdictional discretion now have their work routines renegotiated. In the new economic regime of what has been called “investor capitalism” and under the influence of shareholder primacy governance, professional work is put under pressure to change. The author explores issues of increased financial and economic volatility, the pressure to outsource and offshore professional work and the increased supply of competitors with tertiary education degrees in the labour market. Examining both macroeconomic conditions and policy that inform and shape the domain of professional work, the book emphasises how the nature of professional work has changed since the 1980s and 1990s and argues that it is no longer a “safe haven” for a favoured group of elite workers. Precarious Professional Work underlines how the study of professions must constantly accommodate new economic conditions and managerial practices to better understand how professional work is dependent on and entangled with external social, economic, and political conditions.

The book deals with precarity within the digital age and focuses on media change and social insecurity. Change arising from digital developments takes place on micro-, meso- and meta-levels and have always social implications. Concepts such as Social Media, eHealth and Digital Capitalism, Informational Capitalism and Social Exclusion, Digital Globalization and Motility frame the social dynamics and implications of changes in digital media. These changes evoke a double precarity or stable unstability: Social practices throughout the diverse societal fields are questioned through the media change which leads to a digital age. The ongoing media change requires new social practices – what evokes precarity as an ongoing insecurity how to face the `new digital world´.As a socio-economic phenomenon and effect of neoliberal policy precarity changes life planning and self-narrations of the affected individuals. Precarity and neoliberal subjection-processes manifest in the digital age and are performatively re-produced by the way new media are used.

In The Poverty of Work, Van Arsdale goes inside the world of temping and discovers a type of work dreadfully insecure yet growing rapidly. Furthermore, through a comprehensive historiography, he illustrates how employment agencies moved from England to North America during the colonial period, where they sold workers into many deprived employment statuses, including indentured servitude and slavery. Van Arsdale contends that had the history of employment agencies been better understood, they would have likely been abolished with slavery, or at the very least, more tightly controlled by government. Today, left largely unregulated, employment agencies are powerful corporations generating astonishing revenue by selling flexible, on-demand temporary workers. Unfortunately, this labor is trapping millions in a cycle of unemployment, despair, and poverty.

While vulnerability is a concept often mentioned in labour law and employment policy discourse, its precise meaning can remain elusive. This book provides rigorous theoretical analysis and contains fresh insights to aid our understanding of vulnerability. It is a stimulating contribution to the debate on how legal regulation responds to the changing characteristics of today's labour market.'- Mark Bell, The University of Dublin, IrelandThe shifting nature of employment practice towards the use of more precarious work forms has caused a crisis in classical labour law and engendered a new wave of regulation. This timely book deftly uses this crisis as an opportunity to explore the notion of precariousness or vulnerability in employment relationships.Arguing that the idea of vulnerability has been under-theorised in the labour law literature, Lisa Rodgers illustrates how this extends to the design of regulation for precarious work. The book's logical structure situates vulnerability in its developmental context before moving on to examine the goals of the regulation of labour law for vulnerability, its current status in the law and case studies of vulnerability such as temporary agency work and domestic work. These threads are astutely drawn together to show the need for a shift in focus towards workers as'vulnerable subjects'in all their complexity in order to better inform labour law policy and practice more generally.Constructively critical, Labour Law, Vulnerability and the Regulation of Precarious Work will prove invaluable to students and scholars of labour and employment law at local, EU and international levels. With its challenge to orthodox thinking and proposals for the improvement of the regulation of labour law, labour law institutions will also find this book of great interest and value.

In this thought-provoking and innovative book, Kendra Coulter examines the diversity of work done with, by, and for animals. Interweaving human-animal studies, labor theories and research, and feminist political economy, Coulter develops a unique analysis of the accomplishments, complexities, problems, and possibilities of multispecies and interspecies labor. She fosters a nuanced, multi-faceted approach to labor that takes human and animal well-being seriously, and that challenges readers to not only think deeply and differently about animals and work, but to reflect on the potential for interspecies solidarity. The result is an engaging, expansive, and path-making text.

Je nach historischer Epoche, räumlichem Kontext und gesellschaftlicher Schicht variiert die Verteilung von Arbeit und Nicht-Arbeit im Lebenslauf. Dieser Band relativiert gängige Vorstellungen von der Normalität des Arbeitens, indem er danach fragt, wie Individuen und Gruppen mit diesen Maßstäben, aber auch mit den Veränderungen in der gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Organisation von Arbeit umgehen: Wie reagieren sie, wenn sie den Standards von Normalitätskonzepten oder -fiktionen nicht genügen? Wie kommt es zu Abweichungen, Konkurrenzen und Wandel? Die Beiträger_innen ermöglichen einen multidisziplinär ausgerichteten Blick auf die aktuellen Debatten über Arbeit, Prekarität und sozialen Wandel.

In Wissenschaft und Politik dominiert die These, dass Prekarisierung die Solidaritäts-und Mobilisierungsfähigkeit für gewerkschaftliches Interessenhandeln hemmt. Dabei werden die individuellen Ungerechtigkeitswahrnehmungen der Betroffenen meist außer Acht gelassen. Auf der Basis von Interviews und Gruppendiskussionen rekonstruiert Thomas Goes Deutungsmuster, mit deren Hilfe Leiharbeiter und prekarisierte Normalbeschäftigte im Großhandel ihre Situation verarbeiten. Seine Forschungsergebnisse fördern die Potenziale solidarischer Interessenpolitik zutage.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com.Guy Standing's immensely influential 2011 book introduced the Precariat as an emerging mass class, characterized by inequality and insecurity. Standing outlined the increasingly global nature of the Precariat as a social phenomenon, especially in the light of the social unrest characterized by the Occupy movements. He outlined the political risks they might pose, and at what might be done to diminish inequality and allow such workers to find a more stable labour identity. His concept and his conclusions have been widely taken up by thinkers from Noam Chomsky to Zygmunt Bauman, by political activists and by policy-makers. This new book takes the debate a stage further, looking in more detail at the kind of progressive politics that might form the vision of a Good Society in which such inequality, and the instability it produces, is reduced. A Precariat Charter discusses how rights - political, civil, social and economic - have been denied to the Precariat, and argues for the importance of redefining our social contract around notions of associational freedom, agency and the commons.

The papers presented here originated at a wonderful conference held at Middlesex University in London attended by experts on the subject of vulnerable workers and precarious work from all over the world. The aim here is to examine different aspects of these topics, showing the need for developing further research in connection with these areas of study.

Die wesentlichen gesellschaftstheoretischen Konzeptionen, unabhängig ob sie auf bürgerlichen, liberalen oder marxistischen Traditionen fußen, berufen sich auf Arbeit als den zentralen gesellschaftlichen Tatbestand. Zurzeit lassen sich gravierende Veränderungen der Arbeitsbedingungen u.a. unter den Stichworten Beschleunigung und Prekarisierung feststellen. Damit wird (Erwerbs-)Arbeit theoretisch wie empirisch zu einem Ausgangspunkt für Fragen der Gerechtigkeit und der entscheidende Schlüssel zu sozialer Gerechtigkeit in einer Arbeitsgesellschaft. In diesem Band gehen die Autoren und Autorinnen den Fragen nach, wie diese Ausgangslage die sozialethische Reflexion herausfordert: durch das Potenzial sozialphilosophischer Theorien für die sozialethische Rekonstruktion von aktuellen Problemen und für eine Missachtungsphänomenologie angesichts prekärer Beschäftigung, aber auch zur Bewertung der verschiedenen Formen der Beschleunigung durch Arbeitszeitmodelle. Ein praktischer Bezug nimmt Fürsorge- und Familienarbeit insbesondere in kirchlichen Arbeitsverhältnissen in den Blick, untersucht'Werkstätten für Menschen mit geistiger Behinderung'als Instrument der Ermöglichung von Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt sowie den so genannten'Dritten Weg'der Kirchen. Schon die Engführung auf Erwerbsarbeit kristallisiert sich als ein Grund für Gerechtigkeitsdefizite. Vielleicht ist das Konzept der Arbeitsgesellschaft selbst zu hinterfragen.

This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com.This book presents the Precariat – an emerging class, comprising the rapidly growing number of people facing lives of insecurity, moving in and out of jobs that give little meaning to their lives.Guy Standing argues that this class is producing instabilities in society. Although it would be wrong to characterise members of the Precariat as victims, many are frustrated and angry. The Precariat is dangerous because it is internally divided, leading to the villainisation of migrants and other vulnerable groups. Lacking agency, its members may be susceptible to the siren calls of political extremism.To prevent a'politics of inferno', Guy Standing argues for a'politics of paradise', in which redistribution and income security are reconfi gured in a new kind of Good Society, and in which the fears and aspirations of the Precariat are made central to a progressive strategy.

The leading academic authorities contributing to this book have been involved in major studies carried out for international organisations, individual governments, and national trades'union organisations; in Vulnerable Workers they consider the growth of job insecurity, the prevalence of flexible or temporary work, and the emergence of precarious forms of self-employment. They look at the new market economies of post-communist Eastern Europe and China, where economic development may occur at the expense of workers'lives and health;'misclassification'by employers of workers as'contractors', denying them access to rights; and the plight of migrant, transient and'invisible'workers. The impact of supply chain business strategies on the most vulnerable workers; and on the complex relationships between levels of job security and the presence of different kinds of risks are similarly assessed. The contributors also propose responses to the challenges they highlight. The role of employee representatives is examined, together with the potential to enhance worker capability through organisational change. New legislative approaches, and changes to traditional compensation and social security systems are considered. Academics and researchers, policy makers, regulators, trades unionists and occupational health professionals - and wise employers - will all find a use for this book.

Precarious employment presents a monumental challenge to the social, economic, and political stability of labour markets in industrialized societies and there is widespread consensus that its growth is contributing to a series of common social inequalities, especially along the lines of gender and citizenship. The editors argue that these inequalities are evident at the national level across industrialized countries, as well as at the regional level within federal societies, such as Canada, Germany, the United States, and Australia and in the European Union. This book brings together contributions addressing this issue which include case studies exploring the size, nature, and dynamics of precarious employment in different industrialized countries and chapters examining conceptual and methodological challenges in the study of precarious employment in comparative perspective. The collection aims to yield new ways of understanding, conceptualizing, measuring, and responding, via public policy and other means – such as new forms of union organization and community organizing at multiple scales – to the forces driving labour market insecurity.

Globalisation, the shift from manufacturing to services as a source of employment, and the spread of information-based systems and technologies have given birth to a new economy, which emphasises flexibility in the labour market and in employment relations. These changes have led to the erosion of the standard (industrial) employment relationship and an increase in precarious work - work which is poorly paid and insecure. Women perform a disproportionate amount of precarious work. This collection of original essays by leading scholars on labour law and women's work explores the relationship between precarious work and gender, and evaluates the extent to which the growth and spread of precarious work challenges traditional norms of labour law and conventional forms of legal regulation.The book provides a comparative perspective by furnishing case studies from Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, Quebec, Sweden, the UK, and the US, as well as the international and supranational context through essays that focus on the IMF, the ILO, and the EU. Common themes and concepts thread throughout the essays, which grapple with the legal and public policy challenges posed by women's precarious work.