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This book explores communication in emergency call and response centers, taking an approach drawn from Conversation Analysis to examine how call-takers answer calls and the ways in which dispatch is issued in different contexts. It offers an original contribution to the study of the organization of emergency calls, the ways such calls are treated, and some of the practical problems that emerge when dealing with them. The author offers a systematic review of studies in the international field of the organization of emergency calls, while at the same time providing fresh case studies, illustrated with empirical materials, taken from audio- and video- recordings of the everyday activities of call and response centers. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of social interaction and may be appreciated by all scholars and practitioners working on the social management of emergency situations, including in fields such as Sociolinguistics and Pragmatics.

The underlying systems of 911 calls today operate almost exclusively on analog technology, using an architecture of circuits and switches developed when the American Telephone & Telegraph Company was a regulated monopoly providing most of the nation's telephone service. Modern communications innovations such as digitization, packet switching, and Internet Protocol (IP) standards are alien concepts in an outdated system design that, critics maintain,'literally chokes off the use of all but the most rudimentary features of modern end-user devices and stifles the development of more specialized equipment and services.'Systems for 911, unable to accommodate the latest advances in telecommunications technology, are increasingly out-dated, costly to maintain, and in danger of failure. This book explores the issues and challenges of modernizing emergency communication and 911 service in the United States.

This Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of core concepts, research, and practice in risk, crisis, and disaster communication.With contributions from leading academic experts and practitioners from diverse disciplinary backgrounds including communication, disaster, and health, this Handbook offers a valuable synthesis of current knowledge and future directions for the field. It is divided into four parts. Part One begins with an introduction to foundational theories and pedagogies for risk and crisis communication. Part Two elucidates knowledge and gaps in communicating about climate and weather, focusing on community and corporate positions and considering text and visual communication with examples from the US and Australia. Part Three provides insights on communicating ongoing and novel risks, crises, and disasters from US and European perspectives, which cover how to define new risks and translate theories and methodologies so that their study can support important ongoing research and practice. Part Four delves into communicating with diverse publics and audiences with authors examining community, first responder, and employee perspectives within developed and developing countries to enhance our understanding and inspire ongoing research that is contextual, nuanced, and impactful. Offering innovative insights into ongoing and new topics, this handbook explores how the field of risk, crisis, and disaster communications can benefit from theory, technology, and practice.It will be of interest to students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of disaster, emergency management, communication, geography, public policy, sociology, and other related interdisciplinary fields.

Gateway Routing Selection Schemes for Post‑Disaster Recovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks bridges the gap by providing practical guidelines for an efficient design and performance evaluation of gateway selection schemes to manage load balancing. This book provides both a theoretical background and a practical evaluation of gateway selection methods using simulation methodology. Provides good coverage in a single text on a performance evaluation of gateway routing selection schemes for post‑disaster recovery Offers students, teachers, and researchers both theoretical and practical knowledge of system design and performance validation Enhances teaching and learning and research capability in gateway routing selection schemes Begins each chapter with a set of learning objectives and provides chapter summaries as well as review questions Provides illustrations, mini‑projects, and a list of acronyms Gateway Routing Selection Schemes for Post‑Disaster Recovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks makes the teaching, learning, and researching of gateway routing selection schemes a more active process by using practical tools and exercises.

When there's an emergency, call 911! In this helpful book, readers learn all about how 911 works. They'll discover when it's appropriate to dial 911 and when it's not. They'll learn what happens on a 911 call, including what information the call-taker might need. Readers also learn about the community heroes who answer emergency calls and how they handle crises until help arrives. Combining vital safety information with civics, this book uses high-interest material, reader-friendly language, and colorful photographs to deliver essential information in an appealing way.

This handbook provides a detailed and sustained examination of the scope, purpose and practical application of crisis and disaster management communication in this critical region of the African continent, sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The volume lays the foundation that enables a nuanced appreciation of two significant issues. The first pertains to SSA's vulnerability to both natural and man-made phenomena. Secondly, it argues that communication plays a critical role in so far as the identification, social construction, raising awareness, preparation, mitigation and eradication of crises and disasters in the region. Communication plays a critical role in potentially reducing the impacts of crises and disasters before their occurrence. This handbook is a key resource for academics, students and practitioners in areas such as political communication, media communication, language and communication, brand communication, social/digital media communication, and crisis communication, among others.

This book provides an account of how local government units in the Philippines engage marginalized and geographically isolated communities in taking part in pre-disaster communication efforts. The book focuses on communities classified by the government as Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Areas (GIDA) on the culturally rich island of Mindanao, Philippines. The focus is centered on GIDA communities because they are assumed to receive less information and help in relation to their circumstances. This book accounts for the disaster preparedness communicative conditions of people living in GIDAS and identifies synergies and tensions in the engagement process. As such, specific branches of enquiry focus on how information-seeking and sharing experiences of GIDA communities inform the current practice of community engagement. In taking this research approach, this book deliberately gives voice to these marginalized and often silenced communities. In general, the study examines otherpossibilities (or variables) in the pre-disaster risk communication process that truly engage geographically isolated and socioeconomically disadvantaged communities in disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM). Considering the existing methodologies used to engage local communities in DRRM, this book looks at ways in which bottom-up and top-down approaches could be melded together for a transformational level of engagement in these communities. The novelty of addressing issues concerning geographically isolated communities in a developing country is a research track worthy of being investigated by academics. The book is of interest to students and in development communication and disaster risk communication as well as community engagement practitioners specializing in DRRM. The framework proposed in this book for engaging isolated communities is helpful to practitioners in designing, planning, and implementing pre-disaster communication and community engagement programs.

Object Lessons is a series of short, beautifully designed books about the hidden lives of ordinary things.Alarms are alarming. They wake us up, demand our attention and force us to attend to things we've preferred to ignore. But alarms also allow us to feel secure, to sleep and to retreat from alertness. Theytake over vigilance on our behalf. From the alarm clock and the air-raid siren to the doorbell and the phone alert, the history of alarms is also the history of work, security, technology and emotion. Alarm responds to culture's most urgent calls to attention by examining all kinds of alarms, from the restless presence of the alarm clock in modernist art to the siren – the sound of the police – in classic hip hop. More than just bells and whistles, alarms are objects that have defined sleeping and waking, safety and danger, and they have fundamentally shaped our understanding of the mind and its capacity for attention.Object Lessons is published in partnership with an essay series in The Atlantic.

A much-needed look at the growth of emergency media and its impact on our livesIn an emergency, we often look to media: to contact authorities, to get help, to monitor evolving situations, or to reach out to our loved ones. Sometimes we aren't even aware of an emergency until we are notified by one of the countless alerts, alarms, notifications, sirens, text messages, or phone calls that permeate everyday life. Yet most people have only a partial understanding of how such systems make sense of and act upon an “emergency.” In Case of Emergency argues that emergency media are profoundly cultural artifacts that shape the very definition of “emergency” as an opposite of “normal.” Looking broadly across a range of contemporary emergency-related devices, practices, and services, Elizabeth Ellcessor illuminates the cultural and political underpinnings and socially differential effects of emergency media. By interweaving in-depth interviews with emergency-operation and app-development experts, archival materials, and discursive and technological readings of hardware and infrastructures, Ellcessor demonstrates that emergency media are powerful components of American life that are rarely, if ever, neutral. The normalization of ideologies produced and reinforced by emergency media result in unequal access to emergency services and discriminatory assumptions about who or what is a threat and who deserves care and protection. As emergency media undergo massive growth and transformation in response to digitization and attendant entrepreneurial cultures, Ellcessor asks where access, equity, and accountability fit in all of this. The first book to develop a typology of emergency media, In Case of Emergency opens a much-needed conversation around the larger cultural meanings of “emergency,” and what an ethical and care-based approach to emergency could entail.

This timely book provides an overview of technologies for Public Safety Networks (PSNs). Including real-life examples of network application and services, it introduces readers to the many public safety network technologies and covers the historical developments as well as emerging trends in PSNs such as today's 4G and tomorrow's 5G cellular network related solutions. Public Safety Networks from LTE to 5G explores the gradual changes and transformation in the PSNs from the traditional approaches in communications, and examines the new technologies that have permeated this realm, as well as their advantages. It gives readers a look at the challenges public safety networks face by developing solutions for data rates such as introducing broadband data services into safer communication. Topics covered include: TETRA and TETRAPOL; Digital Mobile Radio (DMR), Next-Generation Digital Narrowband (NXDN), Digital Private Mobile Radio (dPMR); and Professional Digital Trunking (PDT). The book also presents information on FirstNet, ESN, and Safenet; Satellite Communications in EMS (Emergency Management) and Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR); Wi-Fi in Ambulances; Technology in Patrol Communications; and more.

This book highlights cutting-edge research into emergency early warning management and decision-making for severe accidents. Using toxic gas leakages as examples, it puts forward new design methods for emergency early warning systems, as well as a systematic description of emergency early warning information communication mechanisms and characteristics of regional evacuation, based on a wide range of theories, including safety engineering, information engineering, communication, behaviorology and others. The book applies a range of methods, such as case analysis, questionnaire interviews, and multi-objective optimization modeling. Drawing on this basis, it subsequently proposes a multi-objective optimization modeling and algorithm for emergency path selection, together with an evacuation risk assessment method. Divided into six chapters prepared by an international team of researchers, the book addresses the design of early warning systems, communication and dissemination mechanismsof early warning information, characteristics of regional evacuation, multi-objective optimization of emergency paths, and evacuation risk assessment. ­­­­­ The book offers an essential reference guide for engineering technicians and researchers in a wide range of fields, including emergency management, safety science and engineering, disaster relief engineering, and transportation optimization, as well as graduate students in related majors at colleges and universities.

Risk communication is crucial to building community resilience and reducing risk from extreme events.True community resilience involves accurate and timely dissemination of risk information to stakeholders. This book examines the policy and science of risk communication in the digital era. Themes include public awareness of risk and public participation in risk communication and resilience building. The first half of the book focuses on conceptual frameworks, components, and the role of citizens in risk communication. The second half examines the role of risk communication in resilience building and provides an overview of some of its challenges in the era of social media. This book looks at the effectiveness of risk communication in socially and culturally diverse communities in the developed and developing world.The interdisciplinary approach bridges academic research and applied policy action. Contributions from Latin America and Asia provide insight into global risk communication at a time when digital technologies have rapidly transformed conventional communication approaches. This book will be of critical interest to policy makers, academicians, and researchers, and will be a valuable reference source for university courses that focus on emergency management, risk communication, and resilience.

A timely overview of a complete spectrum of technologies specifically designed for public safety communications as well as their deployment as management In our increasingly disaster-prone world, the need to upgrade and better coordinate our public safety networks combined with successful communications is more critical than ever. Fundamentals of Public Safety Networks and Critical Communications Systems fills a gap in the literature by providing a book that reviews a comprehensive set of technologies, from most popular to the most advanced communications technologies that can be applied to public safety networks and mission-critical communications systems. The book explores the technical and economic feasibility, design, application, and sustainable operation management of these vital networks and systems. Written by a noted expert in the field, the book provides extensive coverage of systems, services, end-user devices, and applications of public-safety services and technologies. The author explores the potential for advanced public safety systems, and this comprehensive text covers all aspects of the public safety and critical communications network field. This important book: Provides an introduction to and discussion of the common characteristics of our critical communications systems Presents a review of narrowband technologies such as Project 25, TETRA, and DMR as well as the broadband technologies such as the LTE technology Focuses on the emerging technologies that can be adopted to improve our vital communications systems Discusses deployment of such technologies, including economics and finance, planning and project management Provides, in detail, the issues and solutions related to the management of such communications networks Offers a complete list of standards documents Written for professionals in the industry, academics, and government and regulatory agencies, Fundamentals of Public Safety Networks and Critical Communications Systems offers a review of the most significant safety technologies, explores the application for advanced technologies, and examines the most current research.

This timely book provides the inside story of the development of mobile public alert and warning technology in the United States and addresses similar systems being used in Australia, Canada, Japan, and the Netherlands.This book provides a comprehensive account of how mobile-smartphone systems are transforming the practice of public alert and warning in the United States. Recent events have vaulted mobile alert and warning technology to the forefront of public debates concerning the hazards of the digital age. False alarms of ballistic missile attacks on Hawaii and Japan, the non-use of mobile alerts during the Northern California wildfires, and the role this technology plays in supporting police manhunts and counterterrorism efforts have prompted reconsideration of how these systems are used.Drawing upon interviews with officials, executives, experts, and citizens, the book provides an in-depth analysis of the events and contexts influencing the trajectory of mobile public alert and warning and charts a course for its improvement. The book first introduces readers to the high stakes involved in the transformation of public alert and warning, explaining how new research is revealing the benefits, limitations, and risks of mobile technology in the disaster communication context. Three case studies then illustrate issues of risk, trust, and appropriateness in mobile public alert and warning.

The book discusses in detail about disaster communication and early warning systems with all requisites and imperatives. It sets the conceptual background of disaster management and impending paradigm shift from response and relief centric to proactive preparedness centric approach, with references to international strategies on disaster management and climate change adaptation such as Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Climate Agreement. The book elicits systematic knowledge base on the strategic role played by ICT as an enabler for disaster management, disaster and climate change early warning systems, disaster communication setup need analysis, existing as well as futuristic technological trends. It does prognostic analysis of existing early warning systems and disaster communication facilities in India; and suggests pragmatic long-term and short-term solutions. The contents and contexts are important not only for India but for other developing and under developed countries in the world. This book may be considered as a good reference document on the subject matter.

Natural Disasters and Risk Communication: Implications of the Cascadia Subduction Zone Megaquake asks and addresses how we communicate about natural disasters and what effect our communication has on natural disaster education, understanding, assessment of risk, preparation, and recovery. The chapters of this book present expertise, analyses, and perspectives that are designed to help us better comprehend and deal with the natural risks such as the Cascadia Subduction Zone. It seeks to move past primal, fear-induced physiological and emotional responses to crises with the understanding that if we accept that the disaster will occur, expect it, and learn how we can prepare, we can calm the collective panicked beats of our hearts as we wait for its first tremors.

This book presents a comprehensive framework for disaster communication, with a main focus on earthquake-related communication, building on a previously fragmented, single-case study approach to analysing the role of social media during natural disasters. The authors consider both traditional communication patterns and a networked model. Following traditional command-and-control disaster management paradigms, disaster communication has historically been framed as a linear process, in which experts or authorities give instructions to a passive audience. In recent years growing attention has been devoted to bottom-up disaster communication processes, and scholars have begun to focus on activities performed by citizens through digital media. These activities include eyewitness information sharing, collective intelligence processes, and digital volunteering. Each chapter identifies and addresses four different scenarios: top-down information sharing, citizen information gathering, institutional communication gathering, and bottom-up information sharing.

Following a series of natural disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, that revealed shortcomings in the nation's ability to effectively alert populations at risk, Congress passed the Warning, Alert, and Response Network (WARN) Act in 2006. Today, new technologies such as smart phones and social media platforms offer new ways to communicate with the public, and the information ecosystem is much broader, including additional official channels, such as government social media accounts, opt-in short message service (SMS)-based alerting systems, and reverse 911 systems; less official channels, such as main stream media outlets and weather applications on connected devices; and unofficial channels, such as first person reports via social media. Traditional media have also taken advantage of these new tools, including their own mobile applications to extend their reach of beyond broadcast radio, television, and cable. Furthermore, private companies have begun to take advantage of the large amounts of data about users they possess to detect events and provide alerts and warnings and other hazard-related information to their users. More than 60 years of research on the public response to alerts and warnings has yielded many insights about how people respond to information that they are at risk and the circumstances under which they are most likely to take appropriate protective action. Some, but not all, of these results have been used to inform the design and operation of alert and warning systems, and new insights continue to emerge. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems reviews the results of past research, considers new possibilities for realizing more effective alert and warning systems, explores how a more effective national alert and warning system might be created and some of the gaps in our present knowledge, and sets forth a research agenda to advance the nation's alert and warning capabilities.

This book mainly addresses the Emergency Response Decision Support System (ERDSS) and its applications, making use of ten related modules and a number of key technologies, especially Disaster Assessing Technology, Adaptive Information Evaluation Technology and Knowledge Management Technology. The book is especially valuable in coping with disasters that result in the loss of human life and property, and which threaten the stability of our societies. The ERDSS enables people to prepare for potential incidents, to rapidly respond to them, and to cope with their aftermath. Presenting practical solutions, this book helps readers to understand the ERDSS and effectively respond to emergency events.

The first book devoted to a critically important aspect of disaster planning, management, and mitigation Technology and Emergency Management, Second Edition describes best practices for technology use in emergency planning, response, recovery, and mitigation. It also describes the key elements that must be in place for technology to enhance the emergency management process. The tools, resources, and strategies discussed have been applied by organizations worldwide tasked with planning for and managing every variety of natural and man-made hazard and disaster. Illustrative case studies based on their experiences appear throughout the book. This new addition of the critically acclaimed guide has been fully updated and expanded to reflect significant developments occurring in the field over the past decade. It features in-depth coverage of major advances in GIS technologies, including the development of mapping tools and high-resolution remote sensing imaging. Also covered is the increase in computer processing power and mobility and enhanced analytical capabilities for assessing the present conditions of natural systems and extrapolating from them to create accurate models of potential crisis conditions. This second edition also features a new section on cybersecurity and a new chapter on social media and disaster preparedness, response, and recovery has been added. Explores the role of technology in emergency planning, response, recovery, and mitigation efforts Explores applications of the Internet, telecommunications, and networks to emergency management, as well as geospatial technologies and their applications Reviews the elements of hazard models and the relative strengths and weaknesses of modeling programs Describes techniques for developing hazard prediction models using direct and remote sensing data Includes test questions for each chapter, and a solutions manual and PowerPoint slides are available on a companion website Technology and Emergency Management, Second Edition is a valuable working resource for practicing emergency managers and an excellent supplementary text for undergraduate and graduate students in emergency management and disaster management programs, urban and regional planning, and related fields.

This book offers an overview of social media usage in Japan and describes its role in society during mid-level disruptions by natural disasters. Conceived during and after the Great East Japan Earthquake that devastated large portions of the north-eastern area of Japan, this volume addresses the links between Japanese civil society and the social media scene, using both traditional hypothesis testing, social surveys and large-scale big data analysis to provide insight into the development of an online community for connecting citizens. Considering the connection of civil society organizations, citizens and local governments through online communication, notably social media, and how to promote higher levels of citizen engagement in Japan, it offers solutions for a more prepared, resilient communication network among citizens in case of another large scale disaster.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. In today's world, there are new opportunities for disaster communications through modern technology and social media. Social network applications such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram can connect friends, family, first responders, and those providing relief and assistance. However, social media and other modern communication tools have their limitations. They can be affected by disaster situations where there are power outages or interrupted cellular service. The research contained in this valuable compendium offers much-needed information for emergency responders, utility companies, relief organizations, and governments as they invest in infrastructure to support post-disaster communications. In order to make use of modern communication methods, as well as fully utilize more traditional communication networks, it is imperative that we understand how people actually communicate in the wake of a disaster situation and how various communication strategies can best be utilized. Communication during and immediately after a disaster situation is a vital component of response and recovery. Effective communication connects first responders, support systems, and family members with the communities and individuals immersed in the disaster. Reliable communication also plays a key role in a community's resilience. With research from internationally recognized experts, this volume provides an overview of communication challenges and best-practice analyses, looks at the internet and social media and mobile phones and other technology for disaster communication, and explores the challenges to effective communication. Presents a quality improvement project that gathered expert consensus on best practices used to improve disaster communication Analyzes the information dissemination mechanisms of different media to establish an efficient information dissemination plan for disaster pre-warning, including short message service (SMS), microblogs, news portals, cell phones, television, and oral communication Gauges the effectiveness of disaster risk communication Looks at the future of social media use during emergencies and afterwards Proposes a disaster resilient network that integrates various wireless networks into a cognitive wireless network in the event of disaster occurrences Effective Communication During Disasters: Making Use of Technology, Media, and Human Resources is an informative, multi-faceted resource on preparedness planning for effective communication before, during, and after a disaster occurs.

Divided into four sections—public safety agencies, key issues like interoperability and cybercrime, management skills, and emerging trends like the transfer of military technologies to civilian agencies, Managing Public Safety Technology illustrates how essential managing technology is to the success of any project. Based on the authors'years of experience dealing with information systems and other tools, this book offers guidance for line personnel, supervisors, managers, and anyone dealing with public safety technology.Designed for current or future public safety personnel, especially those in management, Managing Public Safety Technology can also be used for undergraduate and graduate public safety management and leadership programs.

In diesem Band: Seite 5: Es kann jeden treffen. Krisen - Und wie man sie durchsteht (Andreas Archut) Seite 31: Frühwarnsysteme für die Krisenkommunikation (Heiko Schwöbel) Seite 39: Analyse von Krisen: Lernen aus der Krise oder wie man aus dem Mist der Vergangenheit den Dünger für die Zukunft macht (Nicole Bongard) Seite 51: Kommunikation in der Krise - Wie Kommunikationskrisen funktionieren. Und wie Sie am besten handeln. (Heiko Schwöbel) Seite 63: Die ersten Schritte in der Krise - So handeln Sie sicher (Heiko Schwöbel) Seite 143: Konfliktbewältigung (Fuada Stanković)

As in disasters the availability of information and communication technology services can be severely disrupted, the author explores challenges and opportunities to work around such disruptions. He therefore empirically analyzes how people in disasters use remnants of technology to still communicate their needs. Based on this, he suggests quality attributes whose implementation can support the resilience in technology. To exemplify this he develops iteratively two mobile ad-hoc systems and explores their feasibility and implications for emergency response under close-to-real conditions. Compared to the state of the art both systems are independent from preexisting network infrastructure and run on off-the-shelf smartphones.

The First Responder Network Authority (FirstNet) is a federal agency that includes private sector and other non-federal representation on its board of directors. FirstNet was created by Congress with provisions in Title VI (Spectrum Act) of the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012 to ensure the deployment and operation of a nationwide, broadband network for public safety communications. It is established as an “independent authority” within the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), part of the Department of Commerce. There are many challenges for public safety leaders and policymakers in establishing the framework for a nationwide network that meets state, local, tribal and territorial needs for robust, interoperable emergency communications. Currently, for example, state emergency communications needs are typically met by separate networks using different technologies. Furthermore, each state has its own laws and procedures for building, managing, and funding communications infrastructure. Among the challenges facing FirstNet is establishing a governance model that accommodates current investments and future needs of its clients without compromising the coherence of a national network. This book discusses the elements, issues, and progress made by FirstNet.

The National Emergency Communications Plan (NECP) is the Nation's over-arching strategic plan for enhancing emergency communications capabilities and interoperability nationwide. The NECP updates the original plan issued in 2008 and addresses the increasingly complex communications landscape that the public safety community uses to keep America safe and secure. The plan provides a roadmap for improving emergency communications for traditional emergency responder disciplines such as law enforcement, fire, and emergency medical services, while recognizing the importance of engaging non-traditional disciplines including public health, public works and transportation agencies. This book discusses the components and challenges of the National Emergency Communications Plan.

大震災を生き抜いた人々が、震災後の新しい世界に適応していくため、どのように情報メディアや周囲から情報を得てきたかを描く。

This book provides a timely and comprehensive overview of the introduction of LTE technology for PPDR communications. It describes the operational scenarios and emerging multimedia and data-centric applications in demand and discusses the main techno-economic drivers that are believed to be pivotal for an efficient and cost-effective delivery of mobile broadband PPDR communications. The capabilities and features of the LTE standard for improved support of mission-critical communications (e.g., proximity services, group communications) are covered in detail. Also, different network implementation options to deliver mobile broadband PPDR communications services over dedicated or commercial LTE-based networks are discussed, including the applicability of the Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO) model and other hybrid models. Radio spectrum matters are also discussed in depth, outlining spectrum needs and providing an outlook into allocated and candidate spectrum bands for PPDR communications and suitable dynamic spectrum sharing solutions in PPDR communications. Explanations are accompanied by a vast collection of references that allow the more intrigued reader to gain further insight into the addressed topics.

The aim of the book is to educate government agencies, operators, vendors and other regulatory institutions how LTE can be deployed to serve public safety market and offer regulatory / public safety features. It is written in such a way that it can be understood by both technical and non-technical personnel with just introductory knowledge in wireless communication. Some sections and chapters about public safety services offered by LTE network are intended to be understood by anyone with no knowledge in wireless communication.

Communications are key to the success of disaster mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Accurate information disseminated to the general public, to elected officials and community leaders, as well as to the media, reduces risk, saves lives and property, and speeds recovery. Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World, Second Edition, provides valuable information for navigating these priorities in the age of evolving media. The emergence of new media like the Internet, email, blogs, text messaging, cell phone photos, and the increasing influence of first informers are redefining the roles of government and media. The tools and rules of communications are evolving, and disaster communications must also evolve to accommodate these changes and exploit the opportunities they provide. Disaster Communications in a Changing Media World, Second Edition, illuminates the path to effective disaster communication, including the need for transparency, increased accessibility, trustworthiness and reliability, and partnerships with the media. - Includes case studies from recent disasters including Hurricane Sandy, the 2011 tsunami in Japan, and the Boston Marathon bombings - Demonstrates how to use blogs, text messages, and cell phone cameras, as well as government channels and traditional media, to communicate during a crisis - Examines current social media programs conducted by FEMA, the American Red Cross, state and local emergency managers, and the private sector - Updated information in each chapter, especially on how social media has emerged as a force in disaster communications

On the first day of school, ten-year-old Jeffrey and his six-year-old brother, Tyler, climbed out of the school bus at the foot of their driveway, walking into their home, excited about the first day of school. Instantly, their anticipation for the family back-to-school celebration turned to horror as they found their father murdered, stabbed and shot in a laundry room awash with blood. With a rush of adrenaline and terror, Jeffrey hid his younger brother, huddled behind the couch and called 911 where his mother had worked for years as a dedicated telecommunicator. The boys survived that day and their widowed mother fought to raise her family, but the horror, fear and grief haunted them for years. In Finding Daddy, the boys turned young men, describe their journey from the terrifying moment they found their father, through the 911 call and on to the courageous years that would follow with their mother at the helm, guiding their survival. Told by public-safety telecommunications professional, Sheila Hanna-Wiles, Finding Daddy is the inspiring true story of reconciling grief, overcoming fear and looking within to discover the character necessary to fight and move forward in the memory of a father and a husband taken too soon. In a rare ironic turn, readers will journey with a 911 professional as that daily call becomes her own. The most daunting part of telecommunications is wondering what happened to the people saved in their most critical moments. Finding Daddy brings readers back to the beginning and then to the inspiring ending of a mother and two sons who traversed the impossible to a healed life.

This volume addresses environmental and technological dimensions of the Hamburg storm flood of 1962, a key event of contemporary German history that still lacks any systematical consideration. Our articles provide new insights into risk awareness and disaster control of modern societies, with a particular focus on the role of technology in the context of natural disasters, and questions of disaster control by the armed forces, offering new approaches for historical disaster research as well as contemporary history. The relations of nature-technology and society will be systematically addressed, while also dicussing new concepts such as'environmental coherence'or forms of resilience in urban and rural contexts. This German case study also shows that the experiences of the Second World War were still present in the perception of the storm flood. In order to embed this key event into a larger framework of coastal societies and their changing attitudes towards risk, nature and technology, we have included additional historical case studies about storm floods in the 18th and 19th century and comparable events in the Netherlands in 1953.

Written by international experts in the field, this book covers the standards, architecture and deployment issues related to IP-based emergency services This book brings together contributions from experts on technical and operational aspects within the international standardisation and regulatory processes relating to routing and handling of IP-based emergency calls. Readers will learn how these standards work, how various standardization organizations contributed to them and about pilot projects, early deployment and current regulatory situation. Key Features: Provides an overview of how the standards related to IP-based emergency services work, and how various organizations contributed to them Focuses on SIP and IMS-based communication systems for the Internet Covers standards, architecture and deployment issues International focus, with coverage of the major national efforts in this area Written by the experts who were/are involved in the development of the standards (NENA, EENA, 3GPP, IETF, ETSI, etc.) Accompanying website provides updates on standards and deployment (http://ip-emergency.net) This book is an excellent resource for vendors building software and equipment for emergency services, engineers/researchers engaged in development of networks and network elements and standardization, emergency services providers, standardization experts, product persons, those within the regulatory environment. Students and lecturers, infrastructure and application service providers will also find this book of interest.

緊急事態（災害時）には日常とはまったく違う情報システムが必要となる。それは、いわゆる情報系だけではなく、人的リソース、行政活動、ボランティアなど様々なことが複合的に絡み合い、動的に変化しながら形成されていく。本書は、米国を中心にこれらについて研究された成果が整理されてまとめられている数少ない邦訳書である。実践的なケーススタディが多数盛り込まれており、我国の今後の取組みへ向けての貴重な指針となろう。

New York Times Bestseller Journalist Daleen Berry and investigator Geoffrey Fuller give you the little-known details behind one of the most horrific and shocking murders of our time. One hot July night, three popular, pretty girls snuck out for a midnight joyride. Only two came back. Stabbed so savagely she was almost decapitated, Skylar Neese was left bloody on the side of the road, buried beneath rocks and branches. For six months, people wondered and waited, hoping Skylar would return. Instead, the community was stunned when Rachel Shoaf confessed to Skylar's murder. The budding actress and singer accused the third member of the inseparable trio, Shelia Eddy, of being the ringleader. People were even more shocked to learn the murder was not a crime of sudden rage—but premeditated. Now, friends, family, and the public are left with so many unanswered questions: Why did investigators believe her murder was connected to a rash of bank robberies and an interstate heroin ring? What part did drugs and social media play in Skylar's killing and its aftermath? How did other high school students and even her own mother help discover who killed Skylar? And, if Rachel's confession is true, what would lead two teenage girls to kill their best friend in one of the most horrific crimes in recent years? With firsthand interviews with those close to the case and written in cooperation with the victim's parents, Dave and Mary Neese, The Savage Murder of Skylar Neese is the most comprehensive, detailed and in-depth source on the Skylar Neese murder.

Im Jahr 2009 kursierte die Schweinegrippe und die Weltgesundheitsorganisation rief die erste Pandemie des 21. Jahrhunderts aus. Das war Anreiz für diese Arbeit. Sie untersucht die informationellen und kognitiven Regelungsstrukturen, die sich für den Fall einer Pandemie herausgebildet haben. Ausgehend von den Herausforderungen, welche die Unsicherheit des naturwissenschaftlichen Wissens in Pandemielagen für informationelles und kognitives Verwaltungshandeln bedeutet, wird die Informationsordnung für die Pandemievorsorge beschrieben. Hier finden sich in einem Mehrebenensystem vielfältige Regelungen und Akteure, die mit Information und Wissen zu tun haben. Schwierigkeiten ergeben sich insbesondere aus der Einbeziehung privaten Wissens, aus der möglichen Befangenheit eines solchen Wissens. Schließlich werden Probleme von Vertrauen und staatlicher Informationstätigkeit im Pandemiefall erörtert. Im Fokus stehen dabei Verbesserungschancen der Informationsordnung im Hinblick auf verhaltenswissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse. Am Beispiel staatlicher Impfempfehlungen werden rechtliche Möglichkeiten diskutiert, die Vertrauen als Steuerungsressource erhalten sollen.

An effective system to alert the public during emergencies can help reduce property damage and save lives. In 2004, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initiated the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS) with the goal of integrating the nation's Emergency Alert System (EAS) and other public-alerting systems into a comprehensive system. In 2009, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) reported on long-standing weaknesses with EAS and FEMA's limited progress in implementing IPAWS. Subsequently, FEMA and the FCC conducted the first-ever nationwide EAS test in November 2011. This book examines recent efforts to implement IPAWS and improve EAS; how IPAWS capabilities have changed since 2009 and what barriers, if any, affect its implementation; and the results of the nationwide EAS test and federal efforts to address identified weaknesses are discussed.

'This book highlights examples of disaster situations in recent years in which social and information technologies were useful in distributing and receiving information updates'--Provided by publisher.

Since September 11, 2001, when communication failures contributed to the tragedies of the day, Congress has passed several laws intended to create a nationwide emergency communications capability. The United States has continued to strive for a solution that assures seamless communications among first responders and emergency personnel at the scene of a major disaster. To address this problem, Congress included provisions in the Middle Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act of 2012, for planning, building, and managing a new, nationwide, broadband network for public safety communications, and assigned additional spectrum to accommodate the new network. This book explores public safety broadband and communication networks with a focus on new policies for spectrum management and wireless innovation that would facilitate the transition to IP-enabled networks. Acceleration of innovation in next-generation wireless technologies would likely benefit not only public safety communications but also all consumers of wireless service and the American economy.

Following an earlier NRC workshop on public response to alerts and warnings delivered to mobile devices, a related workshop was held on February 28 and 29, 2012 to look at the role of social media in disaster response. This was one of the first workshops convened to look systematically at the use of social media for alerts and warnings—an event that brought together social science researchers, technologists, emergency management professionals, and other experts on how the public and emergency managers use social media in disasters.In addition to exploring how officials monitor social media, as well as the resulting privacy considerations, the workshop focused on such topics as: what is known about how the public responds to alerts and warnings; the implications of what is known about such public responses for the use of social media to provide alerts and warnings to the public; and approaches to enhancing the situational awareness of emergency managers. Public Response to Alerts and Warnings Using Social Media: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps summarizes presentations made by invited speakers, other remarks by workshop participants, and discussions during parallel breakout sessions. It also points to potential topics for future research, as well as possible areas for future research investment, and it describes some of the challenges facing disaster managers who are seeking to incorporate social media into regular practice.

Geotargeted Alerts and Warnings: Report of a Workshop on Current Knowledge and Research Gaps is the summary of a February, 2013 workshop convened by the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to examine precise geotargeting of public alerts and warnings using social media. The workshop brought together social science researchers, technologists, emergency management professionals, and other experts to explore what is known about how the public responds to geotargeted alerts and warnings, technologies and techniques for enhancing the geotargeting of alerts and warnings, and open research questions about how to effectively use geotargeted alerts and warnings and technology gaps. This report considers the potential for more precise geographical targeting to improve the effectiveness of disaster alerts and warnings; examines the opportunities presented by current and emerging technologies to create, deliver, and display alerts and warnings with greater geographical precision; considers the circumstances where more granular targeting would be useful; and examines the potential roles of federal, state, and local agencies and private sector information and communications providers in delivering more targeted alerts.

Since September 11, 2001, several bills introduced in the U.S. Congress have included provisions to assist emergency communications. Legislation addressing communications among first responders focused first on interoperability - the capacity of different systems to connect - with provisions in the Homeland Security Act. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act provided more comprehensive language that included requirements for developing a national approach to achieving interoperability. Future 911 systems will use Internet protocols (IP) to facilitate interoperability and system resilience, and to provide better connections between 911 call centers, emergency responders, and alert and warning systems, more robust capacity, and the flexibility to receive calls for help in any format. Congress may choose to revisit policy questions and support for 911 to assure that systems and networks are upgraded to become a fully functioning part of the United States'emergency communication safety net. This book explains the steps that are being taken by Congress to increase the safety network of emergency communication in the light of terrorist attacks.

This text provides critical information to help organizations improve their emergency communications, including the tools, automation technology, and processes of crisis notification.To grasp the importance of emergency notification, imagine this scenario: A shooter is on the loose at a college campus. Chaos reigns. To contain the situation, campus personnel need to communicate immediately and efficiently, not only with the students, faculty, and staff, but also the local police, federal law enforcement, and media. Effective emergency notification makes things'right,'it allows the right message to reach the right people at the right time—facilitating the right response. Emergency Notification explains how.This book offers must-know information for business security, senior management, human resources staff, government policymakers, and emergency planners, examining what, when, how, why, and with whom to communicate during crises. This text also covers risk communication, message mapping, information loading, audience comprehension, and practical issues like testing emergency notification systems.

Considered as the de-facto standard for Public Safety broadband communications, LTE is rapidly gaining momentum within the Public Safety industry. As a result, Public Safety agencies, vendors and service provider are heavily investing in Public Safety LTE, with over eleven commercial contracts awards (as of March 2012), and several prominent international trials. While initial investments appear promising, there still remain a number of key issues that need to be addressed such as frequency spectrum allocation, funding for global Public Safety LTE deployments, QoS prioritization of Public Safety LTE users in commercial networks, and interoperability with legacy Land Mobile Radio (LMR) systems such as APCO 25 and TETRA. This report provides an in-depth of the global Public Safety LTE industry to address the aforementioned issues, in addition to providing a detail assessment of the technology, market size, and key trends within the Public Safety LTE industry.

Preferential Emergency Communications: From Telecommunications to the Internet, a professional monograph, is divided into three sections. The first describes systems and protocols that have been deployed as private networks for use by government agencies like the U.S. Department of Defense. This section also presents an in-depth discussion on MLPP. We then present current work in the area of Land Mobile Radio, commonly used by local emergency personnel such as police and fireman. This second section also describes systems that have been deployed over the public switched telephone network. Finally, the third section presents insights on trying to support emergency communications over TCP/IP networks and the Internet. In this last item we look into what IETF protocols can be considered candidates for change, as well as those protocols and applications that should not be altered.

A corporate crisis situation is an integral part of a company's life cycle. On average, the probability that corporate manager will experience a corporate crisis situation within five years is almost as high as 82%. Multinational companies in particular face a higher potential because of their various external environments, extended media and respectively public interest in their actions, and consequently their dependence on different public opinions as well as the much wider impacts because of their publics'spread. Well planned and organisationally integrated multinational crisis communication is a key success factor in a crisis situation. Yet existing models and frameworks in crisis communication are rather tactically than strategically oriented, lack in of the depth of the guidance they provide, and present limitations in their scope of application. In addition, publications on crisis communication provided by experts with practical experience mainly deal with a wide field of case studies and neglect scientific applications; a holistic view on strategic multinational crisis communication is weak. The dissertation examines the nature of strategic multinational crisis communication and identifies their general organisational integration and coherences with corporate functions within a multinational environment. By following a theoretical analysis approach, deficiencies and weaknesses of existing crisis communication theories and the underlying literature will be identified. This is accomplished through constant comparison of these science-based bodies of data with current needs and requirements coming from practice (practice body of data) in multinational crisis communication. These results build the foundation for a new practice-related and scientifically supported theory in long term planned crisis communication for multinational companies. By reducing complexity through arranging and organising complexity, the first generation of a new strategic multinational crisis communication model will be developed based on the system-oriented approach. In the new theory, multinational companies will effectively and efficiently plan and organise those identified dimensions that are critical for successful multinational crisis communication; in order to protect existing values and create new values.

The development of new technologies that have emerged since the mid-1990s has led to Internet-based applications known as'social media'that enables people to interact and share information through media that were non-existent or widely unavailable 15 years ago. Examples of social media include blogs, chat rooms, discussion forums, wikis, YouTube Channels, LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter. Social media can be accessed by computer, tablets, smart and cellular phones, and mobile phone text messaging. This new book explores how social media has been used by emergency management officials and agencies with a focus on examining the potential benefits, as well as implications, of using social media in the context of emergencies and disasters.

Wie bewerten Journalisten eine Organisationskrise? Simon Herrmann untersucht experimentell, ob PR-Meldungen einer betroffenen Organisation einen Einfluss darauf haben, wie Journalisten diese Krise wahrnehmen. Darüber hinaus wird die Selbstbezüglichkeit des Mediensystems daran überprüft, ob Journalisten diese Krise als attraktiveres Thema für ihre Berichterstattung einschätzen, wenn auch andere Medien darüber berichten. Er überprüft Wirkungszusammenhänge experimentell, um eine belastbarere Datengrundlage zu schaffen als die weit verbreiteten, jedoch nur begrenzt aussagekräftigen PR-Fallstudien.