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A significant contribution to the history of humanitarianism, Christianity and the politics of aid in Africa.In the wake of the civil wars in Congo from 1960 to 1973, international and internal struggles for power led to famines, the collapse of public health and a huge population of refugees. This book explores the role played by missionaries from the US, Canada and the UK who organized aid, and shows how they had to redefine their roles in independent Africa after the end of colonialism. Partnering US government officials to overcome the humanitarian crisis asthe politics of aid threatened to sink their efforts, Protestant aid programs also worked with US-backed Congolese military efforts to crush leftist rebels and joined with Angolan rebels to help hundreds of thousands of Angolan refugees fleeing Portuguese colonialism. After Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in 1965, they found themselves adjusting with difficulty to the rise of Congolese religious leaders who demanded aid workers and donor agencies accept African control over development projects. In this examination of the changing history of humanitarianism in Central Africa, the author shows how aid workers, who believed themselves to be politically neutral humanitarians, had to question their privileged role, and negotiate new ways of collaboration. Offering material aid and support, they hoped to heal the wounds of colonial repression and the violence of independence - abandoned hospitals, starving refugees, economic recession - yet also sought to ensure a Christian Congo would emerge allied to Western countries. The author explores the role of Protestant aid workers in the ethnic violence of South Kasai province; shows how Protestant aid became a tool in US-back counterinsurgency campaigns against leftist rebels; examines the interplay of Congolese and Western medicine in the work of Protestant medical volunteers; and discusses conflict in the aims ofthe missionaries and Africans over the control of aid funds and aid initiatives. Jeremy Rich is Associate Professor of History, Marywood University. His books include A Workman is Worthy of His Meat: Food and Colonialism in the Gabon Estuary (2007).

Vuelven Juan de Dios y Ricardo a las andanzas con estos “Nuevos Comentarios al Reglamento FIFA”. Ya han pasado cinco años y la jurisprudencia de la Cámara de Resolución de Disputa y del Tribunal Arbitral del Deporte han aportado mucho que contar. Y eso es lo que hacen ambos, con el estilo ameno y directo que les caracteriza, explicando los pormenores de un derecho, el del fútbol internacional, que no es tan sencillo como parece y que contiene muchas particularidades. Así, este libro no esa segunda edición sino que se ha revisado, aumentado, corregido y puesto al día, hasta casi su impresión editorial, ya que, como saben quienes se dedican al derecho del fútbol, la noticia y las sentencias nacen cada día. En definitiva, es otra vez una herramienta de absoluta necesidad para quienes ya estén profesionalmente en este mundo, como para quienes se quieran adentrar en el mismo, así como para estudiantes, periodistas o cualquier aficionado al que le guste saber de qué se habla cuando se habla de legalidad en el fútbol, de transferencias, fair play financiero, de derechos de terceros, de solidaridad, formación, rupturas contractuales y de todo aquello de lo que se nutre el fútbol hoy en día. En breve, una obra a tener en toda biblioteca especializada o de aficionado al fútbol. Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez es Abogado, socio-director del despacho “Ruiz Huerta & Crespo Sports Lawyers”, LL.M. en “International Sports Law” del ISDE y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor de diversos Masters en todo el mundo y habitual conferenciante en distintas Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es autor y co-autor de varios libros de Derecho Deportivo. Ricardo Frega Navía es Abogado, socio del “Despacho Jurídico Frega Navía y asociados”, Doctor Cum Laude en Derecho por la Universidad de Deusto y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor y conferenciante de derecho del fútbol en Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es autor y co-autor de varios libros de derecho deportivo y de numerosos artículos en revistas internacionales y Vice-Presidente de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Derecho del Deporte (ALADDE).

Christianity and migration have greatly influenced society and culture of sub-Saharan Africa, yet their mutual impact is rarely studied. Through oral history research in north eastern Congo (DRC), this book studies the migration of Anglicans and the subsequent reconfiguring of their Christian identity. It engages with issues of religious contextualisation, revivalism and the rise of Pentecostalism. It examines shifting ethnic, national, gender and generational expressions, the influence of tradition, contemporanity, local needs and international networks to reveal mobile group identities developing through migration. Borrowing the metaphor of'home'from those interviewed, the book suggests in what ways religious affiliation aids a process of belonging. The result is an original exploration of important themes in an often neglected region of Africa.

Today's vision of world order is founded upon the concept of strong, well-functioning states, in contrast to the destabilizing potential of failed or fragile states. This worldview has dominated international interventions over the past 30 years as enormous resources have been devoted to developing and extending the governance capacity of weak or failing states, hoping to transform them into reliable nodes in the global order. But with very few exceptions, this project has not delivered on its promise: countries like Somalia, Afghanistan, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remain mired in conflict despite decades of international interventions. States of Disorder addresses the question,'Why has UN state-building so consistently failed to meet its objectives?'. It proposes an explanation based on the application of complexity theory to UN interventions in South Sudan and DRC, where the UN has been tasked to implement massive stabilization and state-building missions. Far from being''ungoverned spaces,'these settings present complex, dynamical systems of governance with emergent properties that allow them to adapt and resist attempts to change them. UN interventions, based upon assumptions that gradual increases in institutional capacity will lead to improved governance, fail to reflect how change occurs in these systems and may in fact contribute to underlying patterns of exclusion and violence. Based on more than a decade of the author's work in peacekeeping, this book offers a systemic mapping of how governance systems work, and indeed work against, UN interventions. Pursuing a complexity-driven approach instead helps to avoid unintentional consequences, identifies meaningful points of leverage, and opens the possibility of transforming societies from within.

Global headlines come to life as intrigue and international politics collide in this electrifying debut thriller from Matthew Palmer.'Detailed and atmospheric, The American Mission is an exciting, grown-up spy thriller packed with insider knowledge. Highly recommended.'Charles CummingAfter a devastating experience in Darfur strips Alex Baines, former rising star of the State Department, of his security clearances, he is faced with two choices: spend the rest of his career in visa-stamping limbo or move to the private sector. On the verge of resigning, he receives a call from his old mentor with an incredible opportunity to start over with a role in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Yet the job isn't quite what Alex imagined it to be, for he finds a shady U.S.-based mining company involved everywhere he turns.As violence in the political climate escalates, Alex struggles to balance the best interests of the United States with the fate of the Congo and its people. His loyalties are put to the test as he races to determine the right course of action.'A thrilling read with razor-sharp prose and a haunted, memorable hero... Left me breathless and thinking long after the last page.'Dreda Say Mitchell, CWA Dagger-winning author'A thriller of great integrity and intelligence…I highly recommend it.'Douglas Preston, #1 New York Times bestselling author'There's the mission the public knows, and the mission we'll never see. Matthew Palmer knows both, which is what makes The American Mission crackle with complexity and authenticity. What a debut.'Brad Meltzer, #1 New York Times bestselling author

In 1978, Congolese inventor David Wabeladio Payi (1958–2013) proposed a new writing system, called Mandombe. Since then, Mandombe has grown and now has thousands of learners in not only the Democratic Republic of Congo, but also France, Angola and many other countries. Drawing upon Ramon Sarró's personal friendship with Wabeladio, this book tells the story of Wabeladio, his alphabet and the creativity that both continue to inspire. A member of the Kimbanguist church, which began as an anticolonial movement in 1921, Wabeladio and his script were deeply influenced by spirituality and Kongo culture. Combining biography, art, and religion, Sarró explores a range of ideas, from the role of pilgrimage and landscape in Wabeladio's life, to the intricacies and logic of Mandombe. Sarró situates the creative individual within a rich context of anthropological, historical and philosophical scholarship, offering a new perspective on the relationships between imagination, innovation and revelation.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China's energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country's transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government's strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government's 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making.Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.

This open access book is an encyclopaedic analysis of the current and future energy system of the world's most populous country and second biggest economy. What happens in China impacts the planet. In the past 40 years China has achieved one of the most remarkable economic growth rates in history. Its GDP has risen by a factor of 65, enabling 850,000 people to rise out of poverty. Growth on this scale comes with consequences. China is the world's biggest consumer of primary energy and the world's biggest emitter of CO2 emissions. Creating a prosperous and harmonious society that delivers economic growth and a high quality of life for all will require radical change in the energy sector, and a rewiring of the economy more widely. In China's Energy Revolution in the Context of the Global Energy Transition, a team of researchers from the Development Research Center of the State Council of China and Shell International examine how China can revolutionise its supply and use of energy. They examine the entire energy system: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, renewables and new energies in production, conversion, distribution and consumption. They compare China with case studies and lessons learned in other countries. They ask which technology, policy and market mechanisms are required to support the change and they explore how international cooperation can smooth the way to an energy revolution in China and across the world. And, they create and compare scenarios on possible pathways to a future energy system that is low-carbon, affordable, secure and reliable.

This book in a diagnostic approach looks at the problems plaguing Africa, a continent rich in human and natural resources yet the poorest in the world. The main question is: what is the purpose of government in Africa? As illustrated by different empirical examples, the study argues that the creation of states and governments after colonialism was a «false start» and was not impacted by the social contract principle of men forming government to preserve the common good. The result is a leadership culture of government against the people with weak institutions in favour of strong autocratic rulers. The core of this study is a solution seeking approach with alternative political forms.

Ce numéro de Dounia prend clairement le parti de considérer l'agriculture comme un secteur à potentialité élevée, susceptible de générer une croissance globale durable. Les auteurs abordent, dans le cadre de l'économie de la RDC, différentes contraintes et opportunités relatives à la productivité, à la réduction de la pauvreté et à la nutrition.

En Afrique, la condition de dépendance des personnes et des institutions est un sujet d'une grande actualité. Les Eglises catholiques du Sud (notamment en RDC) sont placées de façon problématique sous la tutelle de Rome. Certaines contradictions naissent des difficultés à concilier impératifs du droit canonique et rigidités du droit étatique. L'ouvrage pose les fondements d'une meilleure connaissance des deux systèmes juridiques applicables aux biens ecclésiastiques.

Juan de Dios y Ricardo son, ante todo, dos amigos que se conocieron gracias a su amor por el fútbol y el derecho y que, a lo largo de los años, han estado encontrándose, a veces juntos y en ocasiones enfrentados legalmente, en los distintos ámbitos jurisdiccionales del fútbol. Estos escarceos no han sido óbice para que su amistad creciera y que su inquietud intelectual les haya llevado a ofrecer esta obra, un manual que quiere ser libro de cabecera para hoy y para el futuro, esperando próximas ediciones actualizadas habida cuenta del carácter aún muy cambiante de las regulaciones legales y de la jurisprudencia del fútbol, de los estudiantes y los juristas que han hecho del derecho del fútbol su profesión pero también para cualquier persona cercana a este deporte y que trabaje en su entorno o que desee saber más de él, desde una perspectiva legal. Eminentemente práctico, busca ser un método de ayuda, consulta y conexión entre la realidad y la teoría. Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez es Abogado, socio-director del despacho “Ruiz Huerta & Crespo Sports Lawyers”, LL.M. en “International Sports Law” del ISDE y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor de diversos Masters en todo el mundo y habitual conferenciante en distintas Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es co-autor de tres libros de derecho deportivo y de numerosos artículos en revistas internacionales. Ricardo Frega Navía es Abogado, socio del “Despacho Jurídico Frega Navía y asociados”, Doctor Cum Laude en Derecho por la Universidad de Deusto y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor y conferenciante de derecho del fútbol en Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es autor y co-autor de varios libros de derecho deportivo y de numerosos artículos en revistas internacionales y Vice-Presidente de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Derecho del Deporte (ALADDE).

Quel français et quelle littérature de langue française et comment les enseigner en milieu plurilingue? Telle est la question à laquelle les différents textes réunis ici tentent de répondre. L'objectif est d'examiner la structure du français dans un contexte multilingue en vue d'une conception judicieuse des méthodes adaptées pour enseigner cette langue et sa littérature dans un contexte de diversité linguistique comme la République Démocratique du Congo.

1960-2010 : les Indépendances africaines ont 50 ans. Bilan : 1/2 siècle de mal-gouvernance avérée, consentie et accompagnée par la Communauté internationale, aboutissant à l'impasse actuelle. Qui est responsable du gâchis des indépendances : les puissances colonisatrices ayant établi les règles de départ et/ou les dirigeants africains qui s'y sont conformés par choix ou obligation? Les deux cas du Cameroun d'Um Nyobè et de la RD Congo de Lumumba sont étudiés dans cette perspective.

En 2006, la RDC tenait des élections générales qui ont remodelé son paysage politique. De nombreux jeunes ont fait leur apparition, forts de l'assurance que confère le suffrage universel. C'est cet échantillon des cadres et dirigeants congolais, qui constitue la trame de ce livre. Le répertoire jette un nouvel éclairage sur les itinéraires, quelquefois sinueux, des cadres congolais et permet ainsi de mieux cerner, à travers les différents parcours, les mutations opérées au cours de l'histoire récente de la RDC.

Ce récit est avant tout un cri d'alarme sur une contrée oubliée, sur des populations vivant dans un état de parfait dénuement. Ses abondantes eaux, qui manquent atrocement à d'autres pays, ne charrient pas autant d'embarcations qui devraient autrement inonder le milieu en divers produits vivriers et manufacturés; tout se passe vraiment comme s'il y avait une volonté délibérée d'asservir ces paisibles citoyens, et même de les aider à s'éteindre à petit feu...

Depuis son accession à l'indépendance, la RDC s'est dotée de structures chargées de s'occuper de ses relations internationales. Mais depuis le début des années 1990, le pays a connu un grand recul diplomatique et un isolement sur le plan international. Comment expliquer cette évolution négative et comment y remédier?

Voici un éclairage sur les tribus et ethnies de la région de Bandundu. Ces pages ont permis de comprendre la localisation, l'historique, l'organisation sociale, politique, économique et culturelle et notamment la langue, l'art et les croyances de ces 350 entités. Comment penser le vivre-ensemble de cette pluralité culturelle? Comment travailler en dépit des différentes entités vivant au Congo-Kinshasa?

Avec méticulosité, l'auteur ouvre des pistes jusqu'ici inexplorées, en exhumant un matériau historique inattendu, l'enregistrement vidéo de la rencontre en 1998 entre la commuanuté congolaise de Libreville et le président Kabila, qui livre à la postérité un bien étrange testament. Un éclairage nouveau sur les zones d'ombre qui planent sur l'assassinat de Laurent-Désiré Kabila et plus largement sur les motivations prédatrices de'ceux qui veulent la mort du Congo'dixit Laurent-Désiré Kabila.

De nouvelles institutions s'installent en République Démocratique du Congo. Voici les contributions d'une trentaine d'intellectuels et de politiques, du pays et de la diaspora, qui interpellent la conscience nationale en ce moment historique crucial. Une réflexion forte pour que la nouvelle République ne soit pas un échec après le rendez-vous manqué de l'indépendance (1960-1965), les décennies du mobutisme (1965-1990) et les seize années (1990-2006) de l'étrange transition qui a causé tant de victimes.

La vie politique congolaise est réglée par le mensonge. Parmi les dossiers les plus chauds sur cette question, il y a la nationalité des soldats rwandais incorporés dans l'AFDL, le massacre des réfugiés hutu en RDC, le vrai mobile de l'assassinat de L.-D. Kabila caché aux Congolais, le choix de son succésseur etc. Le Congo a besoin d'un leader de conviction, d'un homme d'Etat rassembleur, qui incarne l'esprit de développement et de progrès, appelé à sortir ce pays du mensonge politique et de la démagogie.

Cet ouvrage fait le bilan de la situation des bibliothèques en République démocratique du Congo. Il présente l'état des lieux des bibliothèques de lecture publique et bibliothèques privées, des bibliothèques scolaires, des bibliothèques universitaires et de la Bibliothèque Nationale. Il fait le bilan sur l'environnement des bibliothèques, la conservation des fonds. Il aborde le statut, la formation et le profil du bibliothécaire congolais.

Pour réussir le redressement du Congo, il faut vaincre la fatalité du sous-développement, développer la foi en la toute-puissance de la raison, entreprendre un réveil cathartique des intelligences et engager le culte du travail opiniâtre. Rappelant que le facteur de base du développement d'un pays est la qualité de son peuple et qu'il n'y a pas de phénomène révolutionnaire sans formulation doctrinale, l'auteur prend le contre-pied de l'ordre moral dominant et propose de nouveaux concepts opérationnels.

In this book, the authors analyse and offer some insights into the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The story is told within the context of its conflicts, with an exploration of the complex and multilayered conflict causes and the attempts to resolve the conflict based on liberal peacebuilding. The book delves into an examination of gender relations in the country with insight into the gendered dimensions of conflict in the DRC and how liberal peace failed to resolve the conflict because of hidden agendas and interests by the West and other emerging powers as a typical replica of what has been ongoing in many conflict-laden countries / societies. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part, as noted above, delves into and dwells on the historicity and ontology of the conflict. The second part focuses on the various attempts at peacemaking that have taken place in the country, with emphasis on how liberal peace has failed to resolve the conflict. The book analyses various peacemaking strategies that have been employed and the role of women (or lack thereof) in peacemaking and peacebuilding processes; and finally, the failures, strengths, and weaknesses of international intervention strategies.

Based on a meta-theoretical approach and insights derived from analytic eclecticism as a comparative instrument, Olumuyiwa Babatunde Amao assesses Nigeria and South Africa's foreign policy and intervention behavior in Africa, with a special focus on the conflict episodes in Sierra Leone (1991-1998) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (1997-2005). The Foreign Policy and Intervention Behavior of Africa's Middle Powers: An Analytic Eclecticism Approach explores the relative merits of structural realism and social constructivism in explaining Nigeria and South Africa's motives and intervention behavior, and why more than one theoretical perspective is required to sufficiently analyze the complexity of their intervention decisions and behavior. It demonstrates the overlapping nexus between conflict intervention, structural constraints, relative power pursuit, and the dynamics of regional complexes. Amao demonstrates how Nigeria and South Africa's relative power positions, identities as African actors, de-colonization and anti-apartheid struggles, and the existing values and bonds that their contiguous states share play a crucial role in their intervention behavior. Using Sierra Leone and the DRC as case studies, this book illustrates the advantage of applying a multi-perspective eclectic approach to foreign policy analysis and provides an alternative to the theoretical turf wars that are all too prevalent in the discipline of international relations.

The Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (DRC) played a key role in developing apartheid theology, syncretizing Reformed theology with race-based ideology. This paradigm changed rapidly between 1986 and 1990 with the General Synod decision, Church and Society. The result not only purged racist ideas from General Synod decisions supporting apartheid, but also brought a covert reception of the World Council of Churches'ideologybased theological syncretism. The DRC thus rejected classic Reformational theology, opening the door to a strong movement away from biblical faith.This volume analyzes this paradigm shift and idenitifies a way forward for a post-New South African social order based on sound covenant theology, to which the DRC once adhered. It proposes an effort to remove the obsolete syncretism with apartheid ideology and to restore a sound Trinitarian, covenantal, and sola scriptura theological foundation for a truly renewed Southern Africa. Professor Kreitzer brilliantly amplifies the significance of the theological errors which underlie the paradigm shift in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa towards the end of the twentieth century. This work is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand that shift's devastating consequences for Southern African society as a whole. Kreitzer convincingly shows how a return to a biblical understanding of justice and love is absolutely essential for the peoples of Southern Africa moving forward. —Adi Schlebusch, PhD, Director of the Pactum Institute and Research Associate at the University of Pretoria This book makes an original and significant contribution to our insight in the way radical change can happen in a challenging environment when the Christian church adopts different views. The example used is the biggest church denomination among the Afrikaners in South Africa, which altered its stance significantly on apartheid but also on other socialethical concepts. This book is a must read for those who are interested in the interplay of church and society, including the role of the Christian church in shaping society grounded on Biblical presuppositions. —Henk Stoker, PhD, Professor of Apologetics and Ethics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

This book investigates Afrikaner anticommunism in South Africa in the twentieth century, focusing on the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC).Following contemporary understandings of anticommunism as a fluid ideological stance, it demonstrates that the deeply held anticommunist convictions of ordinary twentieth-century Afrikaners is more than merely a natural result of global politics. It examines how the DRC, the institution with the widest reach and deepest influence in the everyday lives of Afrikaners, played a significant role in perpetuating an anticommunist imagination amongst twentieth-century Afrikaners. The text explores the critical role the DRC fulfilled in legitimising overt opposition to and suppression of ‘communism'in all its perceived manifestations, including black dissent, whilst also creating an Afrikaner imagination in which the volk remained convinced of the ever- present communist threat, and of its own role as a bulwark against communism. The church's moral standing in Afrikaner society also made it susceptible to right-wing opportunists gaining mainstream political clout, which this monograph also exposes and explains. It ultimately concludes that anticommunism functioned as a vehicle for nationalist unity (and uniformity), a paradigm for Afrikaner identity, and a legitimiser of the volk's perceptions of its imagined moral high ground throughout the twentieth century.It will appeal to readers interested in anticommunism, Christian nationalism, right-wing networks, racism, and apartheid culture and society.

This book chronicles five decades of struggle to introduce family planning into one of the largest, most complex countries in sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Interweaving details of major political, social, and economic events into the history of family planning in DRC (formerly Zaïre), the book analyses the achievements and setbacks of five decades of programmatic work. President Mobutu's 1972 discourse on Naissances Désirables (desirable births) opened the door to organized family planning programs, which gained considerable momentum in the 1980s despite societal norms favoring large families. Two pillages and armed conflict paralyzed development work during the decade of the 1990s, and family planning was one of multiple public health programs that struggled to regain lost ground in the 2000s. With new donor funding and implementing agencies, the 2010s witnessed rapid programmatic expansion and improved strategies. By 2018, family planning was operating as a well-oiled machine. But progress is fragile. The book ends by tracing the deleterious effects of the colonial period to contemporary programming and individual contraceptive use. It asks hard questions about donor financing. And it details the six conditions needed to accelerate family planning progress in the DRC, in pursuit of providing millions of Congolese women and men with the means of controlling their own fertility.The book will be of interest to development and public health researchers and practitioners, as well as to historians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

This is the true story of Adolphine, a refugee from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who was twenty-two when she had to flee her home in the war-ravaged DRC in 1996. She walked thousands of kilometres across Southern Africa to be reunited with her husband Sepano in Cape Town after two years of a desperate search. Her incredible journey to escape the ruinous rule of Mobutu Sese Seko was filled with many moments of terror and despair, every country having its own share of xenophobia. She told the writer – the retired national tracing coordinator of the International Red Cross's Restoring of Family Links programme in South Africa – “I felt as if the earth had teeth, I felt its bite when I was fleeing through Africa…”.Her story is a powerful intimate account of belonging and the anguish of displacement, of settling and being uprooted and how a deeply troubled household navigates this across time and space. Her story strongly highlights the vulnerability of women and children in times of war and unrest.Print editions not for sale in Sub Saharan Africa.

This book undertakes an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural interrogation of the Global South through the prisms of media and cultural studies. It closely explores the quotidian (re)territorialization, and brazen ruination of the material geographies of this vast expanse of the world by forces and proxies of (neo)colonialism and global capitalism of resource extraction. We cite the ongoing expulsion of Palestinians from their homelands by occupational forces, the emerging detritus dump across Mexico City and Lagos, the infrastructural precariousness of the favelas of Brazil, the unending resource-war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the flagrant operation of the oil industry in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria as examples of this geographic cataclysm. The centripetal forces of neo-colonialism and resource extraction at full-flight in the Global South, aided by toxic hegemonic forces, have overtly tossed some of the population to the peripheries of existence and the society at large. As such, this book, additionally, explores the resistance of the subalterns from the margins to this socio-political malaise, and further unmasks the knowledge production from these margins of the Global South. This project is divided into five (5) parts of three essays each. The first part examines the territorial contestation in the Middle East framed and expressed through films and literary lenses. The second part examines the environmental burden of modern consumerism and urbanization on metropolis across Mexico, Brazil, and Nigeria, while the third part explores the attritional violence of resource extraction in the DRC, Brazil, and Nigeria via filmic and journalistic lenses. The fourth part offers a swift response from the margins through ethnographic and journalistic interrogation of the subjectivity of the subalterns of Brazilian favelas, and street artists. The fifth part offers an engaging critique of the political climates of South Africa and Brazil that reinforce the environmental catastrophe of the regions of the world.​

This book provides a critical analysis of the targets and objectives of The African Renaissance project as articulated by former South African President Thabo Mbeki. The work is divided into five chapters: South Africa before and since 1994; invaluable lessons for the African Renaissance project; targets and objectives of the African Renaissance as articulated by Thabo Mbeki; the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as the litmus test for the African Renaissance; the DRC as the strategic heart of the African continental transformation; the African Renaissance Project: key issues, processes and developments. It provides a critical analysis of the South African socio-historical roots and targets in these issues, processes and developments of the African Renaissance project. The book has a conclusion and recommendations.

This book provides a robust gendered analysis and establishes a feminist approach to international actors'responses to sexual violence crimes in conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the impact of these global political practices on local gendered power relations.Sexual violence crimes in eastern DRC have received significant global attention and triggered calls by the international community to end this violence. This book critically assesses international assistance to the Congolese legal system to challenge sexual violence crimes, to determine to what extent it engages with the continuum of gendered violence from peacetime to conflict. It also examines whether international assistance has produced any transformations in gendered power relations in eastern DRC. The author investigates how challenging sexual violence crimes in conflict necessitates broader female empowerment and engagement with gendered power relations.This book will be of interest to scholars and postgraduate students in gender studies, development studies and international relations. It will also provide significant guidance for professionals working for development agencies and international NGOs focusing on eastern DRC.

Humanitarianism and Security contends that the search for stability and peace remains central to the political environment within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Despite some positive political and economic progress observed in the Central African Region and the DRC in particular, the future of the region remains uncertain. Due to many unaddressed issues, including the multidimensional manifestations of humanitarian crises, the region is fragile with the potential for a relapse into violent conflict. Moreover, the DRC's humanitarian crises have yet to be effectively addressed as consequences and promoters of insecurity and violence. Based on the “humanitarian-security-development” paradigm as an inclusive operational framework, Humanitarianism and Security articulates the trend of peace recovery in the DRC as contingent upon issues of security and the refugee/internally displaced population crisis. It claims and demonstrates that effective solutions must incorporate considerations of pre-colonial security dynamics, the place and role of identity within the humanitarian discourse/strategies, the determinants of transitional public security (TPS), and the various dynamics regarding the return and re/integration processes, into one operational framework. This framework must be accompanied by a continued effort to build strong local institutions as a critical component to the sustainability of operations.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been widely derided as a failed state, unable to meet the basic needs of its citizens. But while state infrastructure continues to decay, many essential services continue to be provided at the local level, often through grassroots initiatives. So while, for example, state funding for education is almost non-existent, average school enrolment remains well above average for Sub-Saharan Africa.This book addresses this paradox, bringing together key scholars working on public services in the DRC to elucidate the evolving nature of governance in developing countries. Its contributions encompass a wide range of public services, including education, justice, transport, and health. Taking stock of what functions and why, it contributes to the debate on public services in the context of'real'or'hybrid'governance beyond the state: does the state still have a function, or is it no longer useful and relevant? Crucially, how does international aid help or complicate this picture?Rich in empirical detail, the contributors provide a valuable work for students and scholars interested in the role played by non-state actors in organizing statehood – a role too often neglected in debates on post-conflict reconstruction.

An infectious disease threat is unique because of the transmissibility of diseases and the mobility of human populations. Infectious disease threats in recent years—such as Zika and Ebola outbreaks—have heightened the United States'attention to future potential threats, and raised questions about the nation's preparedness and response capabilities. Chapter 1 describes funding HHS has made available to awardees through its key preparedness and capacity-building programs—ELC, HPP, and PHEP; and these programs'performance measurement data on the awardees'infectious disease preparedness capacity. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Zika virus a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016. Zika virus disease can cause adverse pregnancy and neurological outcomes. Chapter 2 examines information on what is known and not known about the epidemiology of the Zika virus, and any challenges with conducting surveillance and epidemiological studies, characteristics of different diagnostic tests authorized during the outbreak, challenges test manufacturers and users faced, and the extent to which FDA and CDC followed their own communication guidance, and the strengths and limitations of available mosquito control methods, and challenges federal agencies face supporting these efforts. Chapter 3 describes the status of funds obligated and disbursed from the Zika supplemental funding appropriated to HHS and its agencies; and how selected awardees used their Zika supplemental funding, and their experiences with applying for and managing the funding. Chapter 4 examines the status of USAID and State funding for U.S. Zika response overseas, activities supported by these funds, and implementation challenges, if any, and responses to any challenges. The 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa caused long-term second-order impacts, including disruptions to health systems, job loss, and food insecurity. As of September 30, 2017, of the USD 1.6 billion that the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) had obligated for the Ebola outbreak. Chapter 5 examines obligations for USAID's Ebola recovery projects, the status of USAID's implementation of these projects, and USAID's evaluation of Ebola recovery efforts. On August 1, 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a new Ebola outbreak in eastern DRC, about a week after declaring that a separate outbreak had ended in western DRC as reported in chapter 6. Between September 2018 and May 2019, the number of African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks has rapidly increased, most notably in China, triggering economic losses in affected pork-producing countries as discussed in chapter 7. As reported in chapter 9, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major, and evolving, health challenge in many parts of the world and a priority for the U.S. Congress and international community. Congress has long taken an interest in infectious disease prevention and control. According to chapter 10, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective in preventing infection and related deaths, and routine MMR vaccination is recommended for all children.

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Everyday resistance, peacebuilding and state-making addresses debates on the liberal peace and the policies of peacebuilding through a theoretical and empirical study of resistance in peacebuilding contexts. Examining the case of'Africa's World War'in the DRC, it locates resistance in the experiences of war, peacebuilding and state-making by exploring discourses, violence and everyday forms of survival as quotidian acts that attempt to challenge or mitigate such experiences. The analysis of resistance offers a possibility to bring the historical and sociological aspects of both peacebuilding and the case of the DRC, providing new nuanced understanding on these processes and the particular case. The book also makes a significant contribution to the theorisation of resistance in International Relations.

Eight-year-old Etienne and his family live in The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Kidnapped by a rebel army and forced to be a child soldier, Etienne finally escapes and is sent to a camp for freed child soldiers. He is reunited with his family who then flee the country, arriving as refugees in Canada. Interspersed with facts about the DRC and its people, this narrative tells a story common to many refugees fleeing the country. Readers will learn about the experiences of child soldiers and how they can help refugees in their communities and around the world who are struggling to find permanent homes.

An advanced reference documenting, in detail, every step of a real System-in-Package (SiP) design flow Written by an engineer at the leading edge of SiP design and implementation, this book demonstrates how to design SiPs using Mentor EE Flow. Key topics covered include wire bonding, die stacks, cavity, flip chip and RDL (redistribution layer), Embedded Passive, RF design, concurrent design, Xtreme design, 3D real-time DRC (design rule checking), and SiP manufacture. Extensively illustrated throughout, System in Package Design and Simulation covers an array of issues of vital concern for SiP design and fabrication electronics engineers, as well as SiP users, including: Cavity and sacked dies design FlipChip and RDL design Routing and coppering 3D Real-Time DRC check SiP simulation technology Mentor SiP Design and Simulation Platform Designed to function equally well as a reference, tutorial, and self-study, System in Package Design and Simulation is an indispensable working resource for every SiP designer, especially those who use Mentor design tools.

This book addresses the most important judicial aspects in relation to the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber (DRC), as well as the different categories of disputes, inter alia, the termination of player contracts, the amount of compensation, sporting sanctions, training compensation and the solidarity mechanism. The DRC was established in 2001 by FIFA for the purpose of resolving disputes regarding the international status and transfer of players. Since then the DRC has developed into a major and influential alternative resolution body, with an impressive and everincreasing caseload. In this updated and revised Second Edition the most important decisions of the DRC as of the date of its establishment in 2001 until 2016 are analysed. It is a reference work for those with a legal and financial interest in professional football, such as lawyers, agents, managers and administrators, but is also aimed at researchers and academics. Michele Bernasconi, Attorney-at-law in Zurich, Switzerland, Arbitrator at CAS and President of the Swiss Sports Law Association provided a foreword for the book. Frans M. de Weger is senior legal counsel working for the Dutch Federation of Professional Football Clubs (FBO). In 2015 he was, at the proposal of the European Club Association (ECA), appointed as an arbitrator for the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). As a legal counsel and a CAS arbitrator he is involved in several national and international football-related legal disputes. This book appears in the ASSER International Sports Law Series, under the editorship of Prof. Dr. Ben Van Rompuy and Dr. Antoine Duval. “Frans de Weger's work on the jurisprudence of the DRC is a “must-have” for anybody dealing with sports law and, in particular, dealing with football issues under the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players.” Massimo Coccia Professor of International Law and Attorney-at-Law in Rome and CAS Arbitrator “Where to go when trying to understand the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players? Now Frans de Weger has the answer with his new version of the much-awaited and needed Jurisprudence of the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber.” Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez Sports Lawyer “The second edition of this book, which is systematic and practical at the same time, will surely be of great interest to both specialists active in the world of “football law” and aspiring individuals.” Wouter Lambrecht Attorney-at-law, Head of Legal at the European Club Association, FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber Member and Mediator at the CAS

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been called the'worst place in the world'for women, with reports of widespread and horrific incidents of rape and sexual violence and almost complete impunity for the perpetrators of such violence. However, despite the high profile media reporting on sexual violence in the DRC, and the widely publicized responses of the international community, there is still very little real analysis of the real situation of women in the country. This book provides such detailed analysis of gender relations in the DRC, and goes beyond the usual explanations of sexual violence as a product of conflict, to examine the complex and socially constructed gender norms and roles which underlie incidences of violence. The book benefits from a comprehensive account of men's and women's roles in conflict, violence, peace building and reconstruction, and evaluates the impacts of national and international political responses. In doing so, this book provides valuable new evidence and analysis of the complex and multilayered conflicts in the DRC.

This Selected Issues paper takes stock of poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Poverty has receded in the DRC over the last decade on the back of gradual stabilization in the security and political situation, strong economic growth, and sharp decline in inflationary pressures. Most social indicators also improved during the period. However, poverty remains pervasive with a level still among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and DRC will likely not achieve any of the Millennium Developments Goals by 2015. Policy actions should focus on fostering the development of labor-intensive sector, increasing social spending, and redirecting public resources to the poorest regions of the country.

Since the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the Act) was passed in 2010, relevant U.S. agencies have undertaken various activities related to responsible sourcing of conflict minerals from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and adjoining countries. In response to the Act, the Department of State (State) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) developed a strategy in 2011 to address the linkages among human rights abuses, armed groups, and the mining of conflict minerals and are implementing various strategy objectives. This book examines, among other things, the extent to which relevant U.S. agencies have undertaken activities related to responsible sourcing of conflict minerals; and what is known about the status of, and information provided by, stakeholder initiatives focused on responsible sourcing of conflict minerals from the DRC and adjoining countries.

Insecurity, poor governance, and a long-running humanitarian crisis in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) present a range of challenges for U.S. policymakers, including the U.S. Congress. Chronic instability in eastern DRC, an area rich in minerals and other natural resources, has caused widespread human suffering and inhibited private sector investment throughout the Great Lakes region - which includes DRC and its neighbors to the east. This book discusses the background and United States policy of the Democratic Republic of Congo and provides insight on the DRC's conditions and issues.

Great Lakes Conflagration'is the second in two volumes covering military operations in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) at the turn from the 21st century. This volume explores developments in the DRC that led to the outbreak of violence in August 1998, and systematically details the continued build-up and status of the Congolese, Rwandan and Ugandan armies, as well as the forces of Angola, Namibia, Zimbabwe and other African countries that were sucked into the conflict. Recounted is the Rwandan attempt to topple the government of Laurent Kabila through an operation that saw a redeployment of some of best Rwandan units from Kigali and Goma to the western DRC, resulting in a series of fierce air-land clashes with Zimbabwean and Angolan forces and culminating in the Battle of Kinshasa. Also described is the fighting along what became the'Eastern Front'in the DRC, as Zimbabwean and allied troops attempted to stop Rwandan, Ugandan and rebel advances out of Kivu Province in the direction of the Congo River through 1998 and 1999. These early phases of the war, or'The First African War'as it has come to be known, were characterized by surprising outflanking and infiltration maneuvers; foreign mercenaries; Zimbabwean Hawk and Lynx light strikers flying intensive combat operations from N'Djili airport, half of which was occupied by Rwandans, Ugandans and Congolese rebels; interdiction strikes guided by special forces deployed deep behind enemy lines; operations of helicopter gunships and transport aircraft under intense ground attack in support of troops cut off by advancing opponents; use of transport aircraft as makeshift bombers in bad weather and by night and clashes of armored forces and many other elements of'high-technology'warfare. All the protagonists deployed their best military units, their best equipment and some of their best military commanders, yet despite their best efforts, and hampered by in-fighting, the conflict ultimately resulted in a stalemate which dragged on for a further three years while negotiations bogged down. This book is illustrated with an extensive selection of exclusive photography, color profiles and markings, making it of special interest to enthusiasts and professionals alike.

The Democratic Republic of Congo has become one of the world's bloodiest hot spots. 2003 saw the end of a five-year war in which millions lost their lives - one of the deadliest conflicts since World War II. Despite recent peace agreements and democratic elections, the country is still plagued by army and militia violence. Congo remains deeply troubled, since the deep-rooted causes of conflict have not been adequately addressed. The conflict in the DRC has divided opinion; some call it a civil war, or a war of aggression by the country's neighbours; others a continuation of Rwanda's Hutu-Tutsi conflict on Congolose soil, and a war of partition and pillage. The prevalence of rape and sexual violence has led some analysts to mark it out as a hidden ‘war against women'. Tom Turner's insightful book reveals how each of these descriptions accurately captures the separate elements of this complex and multidimensional political conflict. In exploring each of these contributory factors, he shows how current attempts to rebuild the shattered state and society of DRC are doomed to fail. So long as the full complexity of the Congo crisis is not taken into account and a clear consensus as to its precise dimensions reached, the future looks bleak. The DRC, he argues, will likely remain a global hot spot for some time to come.

The term'conflict minerals'is used to describe metal ores that, when mined, sold or traded, are widely reported to play key roles in fueling armed conflict and human rights abuses in several far eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC, formerly Zaire). Links between conflict, human rights abuses, and the mining of and trade in these minerals have been the subject of numerous investigations, research studies, and policy papers, as well as policy advocacy campaigns focused on a need to respond to the persistence of conflict and its large toll in lives and human rights abuses. This book provides an overview of the current international response and SEC disclosure rules and testimony pertaining to the issue of conflict minerals, with a focus on cutting links between the minerals trade and those involved in or abetting armed conflict in eastern DRC.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has successfully implemented key reforms under the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, despite experiencing exceptional challenges since the decision point, including a challenging security situation. Revised present value of HIPC assistance has given satisfactory assurances of their participation in the enhanced HIPC Initiative. The DRC does not qualify for topping-up under the enhanced HIPC Initiative. Full delivery of HIPC debt relief, and additional bilateral assistance beyond HIPC and Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative debt relief at the completion point would reduce the DRC's external debt burden significantly.

This book examines a decade-long period of instability, violence and state decay in Central Africa from 1996, when the war started, to 2006, when elections formally ended the political transition in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). A unique combination of circumstances explain the unravelling of the conflicts: the collapsed Zairian/Congolese state; the continuation of the Rwandan civil war across borders; the shifting alliances in the region; the politics of identity in Rwanda, Burundi and eastern DRC; the ineptitude of the international community; and the emergence of privatised and criminalised public spaces and economies. This book seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of concurrent developments in Zaire/DRC, Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda in African and international contexts. By adopting a non-chronological approach, it attempts to show the dynamics of the inter-relationships between these realms and offers a toolkit for understanding the past and future of Central Africa.

The boom in South–South relations since the early 2000s has seen a flurry of investment in African infrastructure from emerging markets across the Global South. While the extent to which these projects spur growth is constantly debated, few studies have addressed their impact on ground-level political and socio-economic practices in Africa—or their consequences for transnational governance more broadly.Through the lens of infrastructure, this book investigates the developmental ideas, processes and techniques that have travelled to and emerged from Africa as a result of Global South–led projects. How have they been adapted, transformed and contested by local actors? How does this shape business–society relations? And how has this challenged the Western-dominated global order? The contributors zoom in on large-scale Chinese-, Brazilian- and Indian-funded ventures—dams, ports, roads and mines—across countries including Kenya, Mozambique and the DRC. These ‘frontier zones', bringing together politicians and practitioners, campaign groups and communities from Africa and elsewhere, offer a unique insight into the global workings of our contemporary world.Taking a bottom-up approach, Africa's Global Infrastructures explores the longer-term significance and implications of these pluralistic socio-economic interactions, for the continent and beyond.

What are the key questions of the First Letter of Peter, how does it offer questions and challenges for us today and ultimately how does it speak to readers 2000 years after it was composed? Justin Welby, Jennifer Strawbridge and Abigail Harries Martin develop the expositions offered by Archbishop Justin at the 2022 Lambeth Conference to explore the key themes from 1 Peter and draw out questions and challenges from 1 Peter for today's church and world. Acknowledging that key words and phrases from 1 Peter are understood differently in different contexts – such as language of suffering, definitions of holiness, and how we describe hope - this volume also innovatively draws in voices from more than 20 countries including Kenya, Mozambique, the USA, Malaysia, DRC, Pakistan, and New Zealand. The volume concludes with five short reflections on the epistle from Isabelle Hamley, Paul Swarup, Esther Mombo and Godfrey Adera, Paulo Ueti and Jennifer Strawbridge.