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Although there is a chance that certain planets may be habitable for life, the moons of planets might have even more to offer. The icy moons of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have taught us important lessons about new volcanic forms—cryovolcanism—and the bizarre landscapes sculpted by those erupting geysers. Glaciers, ice mountains, and vast canyons mold the faces of these worlds of ice and thunder. Yet, many ice moons and dwarf planets, including Ceres and Pluto, are in fact sea worlds, hiding deep oceans beneath their ice crusts. This book explores the frozen worlds beyond Mars, delving into the interior forces of migrating ice diapirs, seafloor volcanism and tidal friction, which help form the landscapes found above and biologically friendly environs buried below. It covers the latest research in the field and includes interviews with today's foremost authorities, including astrobiologists Chris McKay (NASA Ames), Ralph Lorenz (Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory) and Karl Mitchell (Jet Propulsion Laboratory). Original art by the author enhances the concepts explored in the text, recreating some of the most remarkable landscapes on icy planets and moons.

This book focuses on understanding Earth's geology, its mineral resources, their exploration, and management of the environment. There are 3 parts and 12 chapters, and they provide an insight to the students of earth sciences. Part I, consisting of initial four chapters, provides snapshots on the Universe, the Earth, and its internal dynamics, and external geological processes. The mineral resources are covered in Part II with 5 chapters, featuring Earth's elements, metals, minerals, rocks, and the mineral resources. As they are non-renewable, the importance of their scientific exploration, evaluation, mining, beneficiation, optimum utilization, and adverse impact, safety management, and environment are covered in the last 3 chapters in Part III.

Since ancient times, people have been trying to make sense of celestial bodies and phenomena. Early civilizations attempted to track the motions of stars, planets, and other objects, mapping their place in the sky. This laid the groundwork for the study of astronomy today, but advancements in fields such as physics, chemistry, and mathematics have led to exciting new astronomical discoveries in recent decades. This volume examines some of the discoveries that have impacted the field of astronomy—both impactful new innovations and historical findings that have changed the trajectory of research in the field. It also offers readers a better understanding of some of the methods used for making these discoveries.

Want to join the ultimate cosmic treasure hunt?'They fall from the sky, and tell us about the universe: a passionate story of the excitement and the science of searching for and deciphering meteorites.'Carlo Rovelli Meteors, with their ethereal, glowing trails slashing through the atmosphere, have entranced us for centuries. But these extraterrestrial visitors are also inestimably valuable. Not just for collectors, who can make their fortunes tracking them down, but for scientists too. Meteorites are the most ancient objects we know, unblemished time capsules from the birth of the solar system. Following in the footsteps of passionate hobbyists, ground-breaking scientists and intrepid adventurers, Joshua Howgego takes a rollicking ride through the world of meteorite hunting. Join the seasoned practitioners braving the elements as they scour the Sahara and ice sheets of Antarctica. Discover how, closer to home, one unlikely hero – a self-taught jazz guitarist – is uncovering the countless micrometeorites scattered across the rooftops of our cities. And meet the professor searching for the rarest of the rare: fossil meteorites, entombed in rock since the days of the dinosaurs. Finding these stones from space is just the beginning. As scientists tease out their secrets, they piece together an unexpected new history of the solar system, with implications that extend to one of the most fundamental questions we can ask: how did life on earth begin?

This book offers a tour of “the known galaxy”, here defined as the region of interstellar space closest to Earth. The phrase “the known galaxy” has a particular resonance in science fiction, as it refers to the part of the Milky Way that from the perspective of a point in time centuries from now may have been explored and settled by human beings. In the known galaxy, there are gloomy ocean worlds illuminated by the light of exploding stars. There are worlds where precious gems could be as common as pebbles. There are planets eternally wandering between the stars like the Flying Dutchman. There are lava worlds, steam worlds, hot Jupiters, cold Jupiters and maybe even worlds like our Earth. The purpose of the book is to begin to give this region a sense of place, in the same way that Mars is now starting to be appreciated as a location rather than just a planet. In doing so, the book merges our current scientific knowledge of the known galaxy with speculative fiction and with older legends and myths.A sense of place is the feeling that some locations have a special meaning. This emotional connection arises from a combination of cultural and environmental factors that make individuals care about a particular place. It is challenging to create a sense of place for distant locations that no human has visited and for which our current knowledge is limited. This book attempts to take a step in this direction, by dividing the known galaxy into a number of clearly described distinct regions, by providing scientific descriptions of the likely environmental conditions on the known planets of these regions, and by linking these planets to their literary and mythological context.The book is aimed at fans of both science fact and science fiction. It combines a tour of real planets outside of our solar system with tales of their fictional counterparts. The combination of solid scientific facts and analysis with speculation and imagination will be appealing to readers who want to gain a feeling for these planets as places with a back story, rather than just as names somewhere out there in the sky.

In the past 25 years, planetary science has undergone a revolution with the discovery of vast oceans of liquid water within the icy moons of our Solar System. These subsurface oceans are concealed beneath thick ice layers. We refer to these moons and similar ocean-bearing planetary objects as ocean worlds. In this 2nd edition, we delve into and compare the latest scientific discoveries on 22 confirmed or potential ocean worlds, ranging from the giant asteroid Ceres and the icy moons Europa and Enceladus to the distant dwarf planets of the outer Solar System such as Pluto, Sedna, and Eris. Along the way, we explore the contributions of multiple spacecraft, such as the Pioneers, the Voyagers, Galileo, Cassini-Huygens, and many others, which have provided much of our current knowledge about these worlds, as well as the latest scientific research on this subject. This book also explores the potential for life on each of the confirmed ocean worlds evaluating their habitability. Ultimately, these might hold the key to answering fundamental questions about life: How did life begin? Is there life beyond Earth? Where do we come from? With contributions from leading planetary scientists at NASA, ESA, and other institutions, this book aims to be the definitive reference for anyone interested in this captivating subject.

One of Scientific American's Best Books of 2024 One of the world's leading astrobiologists takes us on an awe-inspiring journey across the cosmos to investigate some of humanity's most profound questions: Are we alone in the universe? And how did life on Earth begin?We are in a golden age in astronomy, living on the cusp of breakthroughs that will revolutionize our understanding of our place in the cosmos. Yet a profound question remains: Are we alone in the universe? We have never been closer to answering this question. In The Secret Life of the Universe, celebrated astrobiologist and the director of the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute Nathalie A. Cabrol takes us to the frontiers of the search for life. The book's odyssey begins by exploring how life began on Earth in order to understand what's necessary for its existence elsewhere. What role did our moon play? And could life on Mars have seeded life on Earth? Cabrol continues this dazzling interplanetary tour, illuminating the likeliest places for life in our neighborhood: While Mars and the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn are among the top contenders, recent missions are redefining the limits of habitability to include unexpected worlds. Finally, we seek life beyond our solar system, becoming witness to a revolution in the night sky: the realization that there are as many planets as stars in our galaxy. With more than 300 million exoplanets in the habitable zone of their stars in the Milky Way alone, to think we are alone, or the only advanced intelligent civilization, may be little more than nonsense. The Secret Life of the Universe is a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the search for life—“a mind-altering and exhilarating read for anyone who has ever wondered: are we alone?” (Helen Macdonald, author of H Is for Hawk).

A comprehensive and eye-catching resource for backyard stargazers of all levels packed with absolutely everything you need to follow the progress of constellations, night sky events, and celestial facts.Foreword by Dr. Stephen Maran A sumptuous aesthetic is paired with practical tips from experts on charting lunar phases and celestial events, notable astronomical anniversaries and facts, the best equipment for stargazing and particular events for your location complete with maps, and much more, packaged into a beautiful, illustrative gift book. Never miss a night sky event wherever you are in the world, go meteor‑spotting, and track phases of the moon, constellations, and planetary events. Discover Dark Sky Sites and what we can learn from reducing light pollution. Get to know the Moon's features and phases, constellations, comets, planetary bodies, eclipses, conjunctions, and more. Find out what you can see with the naked eye and the wider canvas of a telescope. With The Backyard Stargazer's Bible, you'll embrace the magnificent splendor of the rich tapestry of the skies above.Also available:The Beekeeper's BibleThe Botanical BibleThe Backyard Birdwatcher's BibleThe Backyard Chicken Keeper's Bible

A near-future thriller of a devastating alien invasion from the paleontologist who inspired Jurassic Park and the award-winning science fiction author. There were always those who disagreed with broadcasting signals into the deepest reaches of outer space, because our mere existence could be taken as a threat. They were right to be concerned... In the spring of 2076, just days short of America's tricentennial celebrations, every inhabited surface in the solar system gets wiped out by a catastrophic storm of relativistic bombs, flaming swords that pierced the sky. The only two survivors left on Earth exist in a submersible that had been exploring the Titanic's final resting place on the bottom of the North Atlantic. In space, only the settlers in small, asteroid-based colonies have gone unnoticed by the aliens—for now. But any sign of life, any call for help, might bring the Intruders straight to them. These far-flung survivors are now on their own, stalked by a ruthless, faceless enemy straight out of the nightmares of humanity's greatest minds—those lone voices whose warnings went ignored. “[A] novel of such conceptual ferocity and scientific plausibility that it amounts to a reinvention of that old Wellsian staple, [alien invasion].” —The New York Times Book Review “Relentless... The ultimate disaster novel... A thought-experiment and warning.” —The Denver Post “A whirlwind of ideas... full of action and danger... Pellegrino and Zebrowski are working territory not too far removed from Arthur C. Clarke's, and anywhere Clarke is popular, this book should be, too.” —Booklist

Ever wonder how Earth has survived this long? It's dodged comets, asteroids, and cosmic chaos for billions of years. In Earth's Enduring Legacy, we explore the surprising science behind our planet's incredible resilience. This book is a cosmic biography. It's a deep dive into the solar system's history. We look at the forces that have shaped Earth. Think Jupiter's gravitational pull. The icy Oort Cloud. Even the Moon plays a part. We explore the asteroid belt and its dangers. We uncover the mysteries of the'Late Heavy Bombardment.'We ask if Earth is truly unique. And we examine the role of chaos and dark matter. Most books focus on the threats themselves. Earth's Enduring Legacy goes further. It reveals the intricate safeguards woven into the fabric of the cosmos. We uncover the unexpected ways our solar system protects Earth. We examine the delicate balance of gravity, the role of space weather, and even the potential for Earth's biosphere to play a part in its own defense. This book offers a new perspective on our planet's survival, one that emphasizes resilience and the interconnectedness of cosmic forces.

Ever looked up at the night sky and wondered what's out there? This book is your passport to the solar system and beyond! We'll explore everything from the Sun's fiery storms to the icy rings of Saturn. We'll even journey to distant exoplanets and imagine what alien life might be like. Get ready for a cosmic adventure! This book is packed with mind-blowing facts and hands-on activities. Build a scale model of the solar system using everyday objects. Learn how to find constellations in the night sky. Understand why planets orbit the Sun. Discover how stars are born and die. Explore the possibility of life on other worlds. It's an exciting journey through space and time! But here's the thing: this isn't just another boring astronomy book. We go beyond the basics, diving deep into the latest discoveries and mind-bending concepts. We'll explore the mysteries of black holes, the search for Planet Nine, and the future of space travel. Plus, we'll tackle big questions like: Are we alone in the universe? What is the fate of our solar system? Get ready to have your mind blown!

This monograph provides an account of thermal convection with a focus on Cattaneo's heat flux equation. Various applications of the equation are analyzed, such as those pertaining to nanoscale mechanics, nuclear engineering, the treatment of various diseases, and more. The influence it has had on problems in the field of thermal convection is highlighted as well. Several other important topics are incorporated, including: Guyer-Krumhansl terms Kelvin-Voigt fluid theory Navier-Stokes theory Higher gradient fluid theories Thermal Convection with a Cattaneo Flux Law will appeal to researchers interested in exploring this active area.

Structural geology is a branch of geotectonics that studies the forms of occurrence of rocks in the Earth's crust, the reasons for their occurrence and the history of development. The study of geologic structures has been of prime importance in economic geology, both petroleum geology and mining geology. Folded and faulted rock strata commonly form traps that accumulate and concentrate fluids such as petroleum and natural gas. Similarly, faulted and structurally complex areas are notable as permeable zones for hydrothermal fluids, resulting in concentrated areas of base and precious metal ore deposits. Structural geology is a critical part of engineering geology, which is concerned with the physical and mechanical properties of natural rocks. Structural fabrics and defects such as faults, folds, foliations and joints are internal weaknesses of rocks which may affect the stability of human engineered structures such as dams, road cuts, open pit mines and underground mines or road tunnels.Geotechnical risk, including earthquake risk can only be investigated by inspecting a combination of structural geology and geomorphology. In addition, areas of karst landscapes which reside atop caverns, potential sinkholes, or other collapse features are of particular importance for these scientists. Furthermore, areas of steep slopes are potential collapse or landslide hazards. Environmental geologists and hydrogeologists need to apply the tenets of structural geology to understand how geologic sites impact (or are impacted by) groundwater flow and penetration.Plate tectonics is a theory developed during the 1960s which describes the movement of continents by way of the separation and collision of crustal plates. It is in a sense structural geology on a planet scale and is used throughout structural geology as a framework to analyze and understand global, regional, and local scale features. This book is devoted to different aspects of structural geology at different scales–global, regional, local. Some chapters are linked with applied subjects in connection with structural geology, geological structures formation, geotectonics, geodynamics, tectonophysics, engineering geology, geothermics, hydrogeology, seismology, geoenvironment, and geoecology. This book is for geologists, engineers, architects, planners, teachers, students, general scientific public and others.

This book explores drone applications and the cutting-edge technologies that drive their functionality. From transforming everyday challenges like traffic congestion to enhancing efficiency in fields such as search and rescue operations, protection of critical infrastructure, and medicine, the book explores how drones serve as powerful allies to address diverse human needs. The chapters not only showcase the applications of drone technology but also shed light on how these vehicles can revolutionize commonplace tasks, such as delivering packages with unprecedented efficiency. The book also explores technological intricacies, regulatory considerations, and the evolving demands of today's consumers. By providing a holistic view, it equips readers with a deep understanding of the multifaceted landscape surrounding drone technology.

Nestled 300 km north of Oslo lies the quaint valley of Hessdalen, home to unique sightings that have puzzled residents and scientists alike. Regular phenomena light up the skies – but are these mysterious lights a portal for communicating with inhabited worlds beyond Earth? For over 30 years, research teams have studied the phenomena yet the secrets of Hessdalen persist. This book explores deeper questions sparked by the valley's unexplained occurrences. Is Earth an ordinary cosmic body among millions, or somehow unique? We know life emerged nearly four billion years ago but still do not fully grasp the physical and chemical processes enabling this. With expanding resources to study space, might we someday soon detect signatures of extraterrestrial life, whether in our solar system or on distant exoplanets? The final part invites philosophical reflection on the acute fragility of our biosphere and humanity's place in the vast Universe. As an astrophysicist at the University of Picardie Jules Verne in France, the author weaves empirical science and speculative inquiry to probe Hessdalen's confounding lights, the exceptional nature of Earth, and the environmental precariousness of this rare life-sustaining planet.

This book explores the questions of What, Why, When, How and Where we might find Extra-Terrestrials (a.k.a. Aliens) and their habitats throughout the Universe – and Who might they be? Starting from ourselves and the Earth and eventually speculating about life-forms that might span multiple Universes, it provides an accessible introduction to extra-terrestrial life, the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence and exoplanets. It will enable readers to appreciate, follow and sometimes answer questions on life and planets outside Earth. It details these exciting topics by pondering what comprises an alien life form and what suitable habitats might exist for them inside and out of our solar system. The book also looks ahead to the future and the realities of finding alien life and the possibilities of mankind leaving Earth and living on another planet.This guide is accessible to those without a formal scientific or mathematical background. It will also be of interest to students of astrobiology, astronomy, astrophysics, planets throughout the Universe, the origin and evolution of life-forms beyond the Earth and (perhaps) of the ultimate limits attainable by life in the Universe, who are looking to learn more about those same topics, but which are outside their own specialisms.Key Features: Combines the exciting topics of extra-terrestrial life, the search for life outside Earth and exoplanets into one accessible guide Contains no complex mathematical formulae or content Authored by a professional educator and a professional and amateur astronomer, with a life-long interest in getting everyone and anyone as fascinated by astronomy and its related subjects as he himself has been, since discovering the subject in early secondary school

This book highlights a comprehensive coverage of X­‐ray and Gamma‐ray astrophysics. The first and the second parts discuss, respectively, X-ray and Gamma-ray experimental techniques and observatories. The third part is devoted to science, including galactic and extragalactic sources. The fourth and last parts are dedicated to analysis techniques in X-ray and Gamma-ray astronomy: spectral analysis, imagining analysis, timing analysis, and polarimetric analysis. Presenting the state of the art in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy, this is both a valuable book for students and an important reference resource for researchers in the field.

‘A highly readable, entertaining and mind-expanding read from a formidable scientist'iNews ‘A highly informative survey of the current state of astrobiology'Literary ReviewOver the last few decades, space exploration has revolutionised our understanding of our place in the cosmos. We now know that there are many habitable environments within our solar system. Yet a profound question remains: are we alone in the universe? Nathalie A. Cabrol, leading astrobiologist and director of the Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, takes us to the frontiers of the search for life. This book's odyssey begins by searching for how life began on Earth in order to understand what's necessary for life to exist elsewhere. What role did our moon play? And could life on Mars, or another world, have seeded life on Earth? Cabrol continues this dazzling interplanetary tour, illuminating the likeliest places for life in our neighbourhood: Venus, Mars, the icy moons of Jupiter and Saturn, and Pluto. Finally, we seek life beyond our solar system, looking at the recent revolution in the night sky: the realisation that there are millions of exoplanets within our galaxy that could support life.The Secret Life of the Universe is both a comprehensive and authoritative guide to the latest discoveries and an awe-inspiring exploration of what this means for us as humans on Earth today. It's an exhilarating journey, perfect for anyone who has ever looked up at the stars and wondered what might be out there.

Space radiation is a topic of growing importance to scientists and researchers as well as the general public. This thorough reference text covers space radiation and its biological effects. The book addresses the sources and various types of space radiation as well as the astrophysical phenomena responsible for the generation of this radiation. It describes the radiation encountered by astronauts and the potential health effects during present and proposed future missions, including that encountered in transiting the Van Allen Belts and inter-planetary space. It also describes the radiation stemming from the solar wind, solar flares and other sources of sporadic “solar particle events”, and the radiation originating from extra-solar or galactic origins. Key Features Provides a uniquely broad scope overview of the topic with the focus on space radiation and its effect on the human body Appeals to a scientifically literate general audience as well as professionals and researchers A single source reference that provides both depth and breadth Covers a topic of increasing importance in coming years as serious interest in space travel grows

Now in its third edition the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology serves as the key to a common understanding in the extremely interdisciplinary community of astrobiologists. Each new or experienced researcher and graduate student in adjacent fields of astrobiology will appreciate this reference work in the quest to understand the big picture. The carefully selected group of active researchers contributing to this work are aiming to give a comprehensive international perspective on and to accelerate the interdisciplinary advance of astrobiology.The interdisciplinary field of astrobiology constitutes a joint arena where provocative discoveries are coalescing concerning, e.g. the prevalence of exoplanets, the diversity and hardiness of life, and its chances for emergence. Biologists, astrophysicists, (bio)-chemists, geoscientists and space scientists share this exciting mission of revealing the origin and commonality of life in the Universe. With its overview articles and its definitions the Encyclopedia of Astrobiology not only provides a common language and understanding for the members of the different disciplines but also serves for educating a new generation of young astrobiologists who are no longer separated by the jargon of individual scientific disciplines.This new edition offers ~170 new entries. More than half of the existing entries were updated, expanded or supplemented with figures supporting the understanding of the text. Especially in the fields of astrochemistry and terrestrial extremophiles but also in exoplanets and space sciences in general there is a huge body of new results that have been taken into account in this new edition.Because the entries in the Encyclopedia are in alphabetical order without regard for scientific field, this edition includes a section “Astrobiology by Discipline” which lists the entries by scientific field and subfield. This should be particularly helpful to those enquiring about astrobiology, as it illustrates the broad and detailed nature of the field.

Ices in the Solar-System: A Volatile-Driven Journey from the Inner Solar System to its Far Reaches details the evolution of ice on planetary bodies within the Solar System, including terrestrial planets and the Moon, Ceres and other dwarf planets or volatile asteroids, icy Galilean and Saturnian satellites, Triton and disparate Uranian moons, and Pluto, other Kuyper belt objects and comets. The book provides a view of different ice types throughout the Solar System, i.e., H2O, CO2, CH4, etc., that characterize icy processes on disparate bodies. Ice and icy processes at micro through macro scales are discussed. The book geographically spans the major planetary bodies of the Solar System, covering surface and subsurface geologies, geophysics and geochemistry of ices to answer questions such as the nature and extent of water ice and different frozen volatile species, how do ices give us clues to interiors and oceans, and more. - • Draws a pan solar-system view of various ice species • Identifies and addresses outstanding and sometimes puzzling questions about these ices • Describes the dynamic relationships between these ices and the geological history of the planets, moons, and smaller bodies where they occur • Studies these relationships using multiple analytical-scales and techniques

This textbook provides the basic theoretical and practical knowledge of astronomy and astrophysics. It provides an overview from classical astronomy and observational methods to solar physics and astrophysics of stars and galaxies. It concludes with chapters on cosmology, astrobiology, and mathematical and numerical methods. Numerous color illustrations, examples of calculations, and exercises with solutions make this work a useful companion to undergraduate astronomy lectures.The book is suitable for students of physics and astronomy at teacher training level or in the Bachelor's degree - but also people interested in natural sciences with appropriate basic knowledge of mathematics and physics will find here an appealing introduction to the subject.This fourth edition has been updated and revised with respect to the latest developments in astronomy. The chapter on mathematical methods has been redesigned and the software used is now exclusively Python.From thecontents: Spherical astronomy - History of astronomy - Celestial mechanics - Astronomical instruments - Physics of the bodies of the solar system - The Sun - State variables of the stars - Stellar atmospheres - Stellar structure - Stellar evolution - Interstellar matter - The Galaxy - Extragalactic systems - Cosmology - Astrobiology - Mathematical methods.This book is a translation of the original German 4th edition Einführung in Astronomie und Astrophysik by Arnold Hanslmeier, published by Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature in 2020. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation. Springer Nature works continuously to further the development of tools for the production of books and on the related technologies to support the authors.

The sixth volume of “Processes in GeoMedia”, connected to the Russian journal with the same name, publishes new results of theoretical and experimental studies of the processes occurring in the bowels of the earth, the ocean, and the atmosphere; particular attention is paid to geomechanical aspects of the production of hydrocarbons, including laboriously extracted oils, and to the ecological problems of the biosphere, the human impact on the environment, methods of geophysical research are within the range of the journal interests.

Industrial and agricultural greenhouse gas emissions are rapidly warming Earth's climate, unleashing rising seas, ocean acidification, melting permafrost, powerful storms, wildfires, floods, deadly heat waves, droughts, tsunamis, food shortages, and armed conflict over shrinking water supplies while reducing nutritional levels in crops. Billions of people will become climate refugees. Hotter temperatures will allow tropical diseases to spread into temperate regions. Higher levels of CO2, allergens, dust, and other particulate matter will impair our physical and mental health and even reduce our cognitive abilities. Climate change disproportionately affects the world's poor. It also harms Nature, and could ultimately trigger a sixth mass extinction. In Escaping Nature, Orrin H. Pilkey and his coauthors offer concrete suggestions for how to respond to the threats posed by global climate change. They argue that while we wait for the world's governments to get serious about mitigating climate change we can adapt to a hotter world through technological innovations, behavioral changes, nature-based solutions, political changes, and education.

This book presents 41 selected articles written by leading researchers from the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The articles are grouped by the following topics: (1) Geochemistry, (2) Meteoritics, Cosmochemistry, Lunar and Planetary Sciences, (3) Biogeochemistry and Ecology, and (4) Analytical Chemistry, Radiochemistry, and Radioecology. The articles present recent experimental data, theoretical investigations, critical reviews, the results of computer modeling in the above-mentioned fields.Intended to provide a scientific “snapshot” of the institute, the book also includes content on its history, main scientific achievements and current goals, together with detailed descriptions of its 25 laboratories and three museums so as to promote new international collaborations.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to all scientists and graduate students working in the areas of geochemistry, analytical chemistry and radiochemistry, earth and environmental sciences, biogeosciences, meteoritics and planetary science, and to those seeking new collaboration opportunities in these areas in Russia.

This book aims to provide a practical guide by a set of real world applications of grey systems to social networks, energy management, transportation, natural disaster management, etc. As an emerging subject on data analysis and uncertainty modelling, the theory of grey systems and its applications have seen significant progress in recent years. However, researchers are still challenged with difficulties in differentiating grey systems from other similar models and a concise and practical guide for their real world applications. This is especially true for researchers in Europe and North American. This book may provide the answer for that. This book is a result of work within the Leverhulme Trust International Research Network on Grey Systems and its Applications. Readers may regard the book as valuable reference in the related fields.

The book sketches out how the criminological lens could be used in the climate change debate around possible human extinction. It explores the extent to which the human species can be considered deviant in relation to other species of the contemporary biosphere, as humans seem to be the only species on Earth that does not live in natural balance with their environment (anymore). It discusses several unsettling topics in the public debate on climate change, specifically the taboo of how humans may not survive the ongoing climate change. It includes chapters on the Earth's history of mass-extinctions, the global state of denial including toward the possibility that the human species could go extinct, and it considers humans'future as a deviant, fatal species outside of Earth, in outer-space, possibly on other planets. It puts forward and enriches the critical criminological tradition by conceptualizing and setting an unsettling tone within criminology and criminological research on the human species and our extinction, by daring criminologists (and victimologists) to ponder and seek empirical answers to controversial imaginations and questions about our possible extinction.

The Earth is not the world it once was, and it is not the world it will always be. This book describes the exciting, complex, and occasionally baffling history of our own planet. Over the course of its 4.5 billion years, Earth has undergone astonishing changes to its surface and atmosphere, at times more closely resembling other planets in our Solar System than the habitable, teeming biosphere of today. Through these otherworldly analogs, author-illustrator Michael Carroll teaches readers about different aspects of our own planet's past. Our nearest cosmic neighbor, Venus, offers insights into Earth's own young atmosphere and surface, while Saturn's moon Titan may offer a window into the genesis of life on Earth. Planet Earth, Past and Present explores these and many more connections. Original art accompanies each chapter, depicting major stages of the Earth's evolution and providing vivid comparisons to other planets or moons. Come along on this journey through the Solar System—a journey that ultimately leads us home.

Neste trabalho foi experimentalmente simulada a interação de dois gelos com a radiação ionizante. O primeiro experimento foi realizado com elétrons rápidos (1 keV) em uma amostra de metanol e amônia (CH3OH:NH3) na proporção de 10 partes de metanol para cada 1,4 partes de amônia e o segundo foi realizado através da radiação de fótons no espectro de ultravioleta e raios-X moles (6 a 2000 eV) em uma amostra de etanol puro (CH3CH2OH) que reproduzem as condições físico-químicas de alguns ambientes espaciais como o satélite natural Encélado de Saturno, gelos dentro de nuvens moleculares, gelos nas vizinhanças de objetos compactos (fontes importantes de raios-X), entre outros.

The ultimate goal of planetary protection for outbound missions is to prevent harmful contamination that would inhibit future measurements designed to search for evidence of the existence or evolution of extraterrestrial life. Preventing harmful contamination is achieved by following specific guidelines based on existing scientific knowledge about the destination and the type of mission. This report responds to NASA's request for a study on planetary protection categorization of missions to small bodies, including whether there are particular populations of small bodies for which contamination of one object in the population would not be likely to have a tangible effect on the opportunities for scientific investigation using other objects in the population. In addressing NASA's request, the authoring committee considered surface composition of target bodies and their importance for prebiotic chemistry, along with size of the small-body populations, the current state of knowledge on the types of objects, the likelihood of a future scientific mission returning to any specific object, active object surface processes, and the size.

Earth has limited material and energy resources, while these resources are virtually unlimited in space. It is only a matter of time, before planetary resources are mined and used in-situ to sustain human and robotic exploration or returned to Earth for commercial gain. This book covers a number of aspects related to space resources. In particular, subjects related to mission concepts, exploration approaches, mining and extraction technologies, commercial potential, and regulatory aspects of space resources are covered in detail. This book is therefore a good resource for readers who seek background and deeper understanding of space resources related activities.

In this work, Prof. Arnold Hanslmeier provides modern and fascinating astronomical knowledge. The book begins with a description of the origin of the universe and goes on to dark matter, black holes and the formation of the solar system. Finally, it is rounded off at the end by the exciting question: Are we alone in the universe?In this book, which originated from a lecture given at the University of Graz for students of all faculties, the author explains the interrelationships clearly and in a generally understandable way with the help of many colourful pictures, without demanding too much basic knowledge of mathematics and physics. Somewhat deeper formulas and text passages are separated from the rest of the text and can be skipped without losing the context.This third edition incorporates new findings such as the spectacular direct discovery of gravitational waves, fascinating images and data from Pluto, and the first landing on a comet. Numerous new photographsand illustrations have been added to aid understanding. The latest data in the field of exoplanet research has also been incorporated.The book is intended not only for students, but also for interested laymen as well as for all those who deal with modern findings of natural science.'Physics, especially astrophysics, can be extremely exciting, I hope my readers gain just that impression by reading this book!'A. Hanslmeier

Embark on your own personal journey into the night sky. Stardate: Today! Ever catch yourself staring up at the night sky and wondering just what the heck is out there? While no one book can answer all your questions, Astronomy For Dummies will take you on a tour through the Milky Way (and beyond!) that describes some of the most fascinating objects in the universe. This book comes complete with online access to chapter quizzes and downloadable full-color astronomical photos of our universe, as well as easy-to-follow explanations of the eye-popping wonders and gorgeous interstellar objects that populate our solar system, galaxy, and universe. You'll find: Brand-new star charts for the northern and southern hemispheres, as well as descriptions of the latest tech tools for amateur astronomers Lists of the most recently discovered exoplanets, exomoons, and exocomets hurtling through the cosmos The latest timelines for dazzling solar events and maps to the best places to see them live and in-personFilled with discussions of the biggest and greatest new breakthroughs and an 8-page color insert packed with unbelievable, full-color photographs, Astronomy For Dummies is a can't-miss book that will ignite a passion for understanding the mysteries of the universe in children and adults alike!

Terraforming is the process of modifying a planet, moon, or other body to a more habitable atmosphere, temperature, or ecology. The idea of terraforming or colonizing other planets has recently become a topic of intense scientific interest and public debate. Geoengineering and terraforming, at their core, have the same goal: to enhance or revive the ability of a specific environment to support human life, society, and industry.New Worlds: Colonizing Planets, Moons and Beyond examines extra-terrestrial colonization plans with a critical eye. The ten chapters of the book provide a detailed review of the demographic and economic reasons behind this space imperative, technical and ecological solutions to improve the settlement of our own planet, enhancements of our current space industry. The book also covers interesting topics such as the terraformation of Mars, the moon, and other planets like Venus, colonizing the outer solar system (and beyond), and the ethical considerations in favor of space expansion. This simple, yet informative treatise is an essential read for anyone interested in the subject of space colonization

Interstellar Travel: Purpose and Motivations is a comprehensive, technical look at the necessary considerations for interstellar travel addressed by leading experts in the field, from scientists studying possible destinations (exoplanets) and the vast distances between, to those concerned with building institutions and capabilities in society that could sustain such endeavors. In addition to the technical, medical, and anthropological aspects of deep space travel, the ethics and morality of spreading Earth-based life to other worlds is also examined. In the first book of a three-book compilation, Interstellar Travel: Purpose and Motivations offers in-depth, up-to-date and realistic technical and scientific considerations in the pursuit of interstellar travel and is an integral reference for scientists, engineers, researchers and academics working on, or interested in, space development and space technologies. With a renewed interest in space exploration and development evidenced by the rise of the commercial space sector and various governments now planning to send humans back to the moon and to Mars, so also is interest in taking the next steps beyond the Solar System and to the ultimate destination – planets circling other stars. - Features detailed overviews with quantification of the technical challenges and potential benefits of interstellar missions - Comprehensively covers the considerations for interstellar travel by the world's recognized leading experts in the field - Features referenceable data and analysis for both new and experienced researchers in the interstellar and exoplanets fields

The next decade of planetary science and astrobiology holds tremendous promise. New research will expand our understanding of our solar system's origins, how planets form and evolve, under what conditions life can survive, and where to find potentially habitable environments in our solar system and beyond. Origins, Worlds, and Life: A Decadal Strategy for Planetary Science and Astrobiology 2023-2032 highlights key science questions, identifies priority missions, and presents a comprehensive research strategy that includes both planetary defense and human exploration. This report also recommends ways to support the profession as well as the technologies and infrastructure needed to carry out the science.

Advances in Geophysics serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Geophysics serials - Updated release includes the latest information on geophysical exploration of the solar system

Treatise on Geomorphology, Second Edition, Eleven Volume Set is organized into eleven volumes built on the outstanding success of the first edition. This comprehensive introduction to the large and diverse discipline of geomorphology provides a key reference tool for undergraduate geology students looking for term paper topics, graduate students starting a literature review for their thesis work, and for professionals seeking a concise summary of a particular topic. The tools available to understand geomorphology have greatly advanced in recent years, hence this new release will complement the work of a variety of professionals who are interested in topics such as GIScience, Remote Sensing and Karst. - Authoritative, authored and edited by recognized experts in the field, with a range of different expertise that ensures a high-quality standard for all chapters - Provides up-to-date information in a field that has seen significant progress in past years, including key advances in Remote Sensing and GIScience - Offers users a'one-stop', comprehensive resource for access to a wealth of information and critical summaries, thus bridging the gap between different specialties

Physical Geology is a classic introductory text that has helped countless students learn basic physical geology concepts for over 25 years. Students taking introductory physical geology to fulfill a science elective, as well as those contemplating a career in geology, will appreciate the accessible writing style and depth of coverage in Physical Geology.

2022 marks the 45th anniversary of the Voyager probe launches. Launched into space in 1977, these twin probes explored the farthest reaches of the Solar System before venturing on a one-way journey beyond, all the while testing the bounds of science, robotic exploration and our collective imagination. This heavily revised commemorative book takes a comprehensive look at their incredible achievements, future potential and overall legacy.Chronicled herein is an epic journey to unveil the mysterious outer reaches of the Solar System for the first time. The book recounts the Voyagers'travels through the asteroid belt and past the giant gaseous planets Jupiter and Saturn, as well as Voyager 2's forays near the distant ice giants Uranus and Neptune. Each chapter details in full the game-changing scientific data and glorious imagery they sent back to Earth.This new edition incorporates all the new data we have learned in the nearly 20 years since its original publication, discussing how the knowledge first gleaned with Voyager has been built upon in subsequent decades by Cassini, Juno and New Horizons.The Voyager probes captured imaginations around the world; now is an opportune time to reflect on their unparalleled quest across the edges of the Solar System and the enigmatic interstellar medium beyond.

This book presents a global and synthetic vision of planetology – the study of objects in the Solar System. In the past several decades, planetology has undergone a real revolution, marked in particular by the discovery of the Kuiper belt beyond Neptune, the discovery of extrasolar planets, and also by the space exploration of ever more distant objects. Today, it is at the crossroads of many disciplines: astronomy, geophysics, geochemistry and biology. The Solar System 1 deals with the Solar System as a whole, offering a general presentation of the objects that compose it and its place in the galaxy. It also deals with planetary systems, exoplanets and the interaction of Solar System objects with interplanetary medium. Finally, it analyzes the telluric and giant planets.

A comprehensive, accessible, and stunningly illustrated introduction to these far-off worlds. The most distant planets in our solar system, Uranus and Neptune were unknown by the ancients—Uranus was discovered in the 1780s and Neptune only in the 1840s. Our discovery and observation of both planets have been hampered by their sheer distance from Earth: there has only been one close encounter, Voyager 2 in the late 1980s. The Voyager mission revealed many enticing details about the planets and their moons but also left many more questions unanswered. This book is an informative and accessible introduction to Uranus, Neptune, and their moons. It takes readers on a journey from discovery to the most recent observations made from space- and ground-based telescopes, and it will appeal to amateur and professional astronomers alike.

Planetary Volcanism across the Solar System compares and contrasts the vast array of planetary bodies in the Solar System, including Earth. The wealth of spacecraft data for almost all major solid-surface bodies in the Solar System indicate that volcanism has been a dominant mechanism in shaping the landscapes of these bodies. The book addresses key questions surrounding our understanding of planetary volcanism, such as how to integrate the data into a coherent view of how volcanic activity arises, how this mechanism shapes planets, which volcanic landforms are ubiquitous throughout the Solar System, and which are unique. By placing a singular emphasis on comparing volcanic processes and landforms on all relevant Solar System bodies, and with the explicit objective of providing a systems-level understanding of this widespread phenomenon, users will find an up-to-date, accessible and comprehensive discussion of the major volcanic processes and landforms that shape and drive the evolution of planets, moons and smaller bodies. - Includes an introduction placing the book in the context of the larger Comparative Planetology series - Compares volcanic processes and landforms on all relevant Solar System bodies, providing a systems-level understanding of this widespread phenomenon - Offers a thorough examination of the major volcanic processes and landforms that shape and drive the evolution of planets, moons and smaller bodies - Includes information from new mission data and discoveries in recent years - Features over 100 color illustrations and charts to more clearly convey concepts - Offers additional online content, including figures, animations, video, and other multimedia content such as interviews with contributing authors

Water Worlds in the Solar System: In Search of Habitable Environments and Life is a comprehensive reference on the formation, availability, habitability potential, and astrobiological implications of water in the Solar System. The book provides understanding of the importance of water on Earth to elucidate potential water and biosignature sources on other bodies in the Solar System. It covers processes involved in the formation of Earth and its Moon, genesis of water on those bodies, events on early Earth, and other processes that are applicable to celestial bodies in the Solar System, directly correlating data available on water on other bodies to over 15 Earth analogue sites. This book forms a comprehensive overview on water in the Solar System, from formation to biosignature and habitability considerations. It is ideal for academics, researchers and students working in the field of planetary science, extraterrestrial water research and habitability potential. Presents a comprehensive reference on water in the Solar System, developing readers'understanding of the importance and occurrence of water on Earth and beyond, all from an oceanographer's perspective Contrasts terrestrial analogues in relation to their roles in understanding and exploring ocean worlds and habitability Includes numerous figures, illustrations, tables and videos to help readers better understand concepts covered

This book explores issues related to green and sustainable finance which aims at the transformation of economies into a new, more sustainable model. It covers a variety of issues related to various financial areas, such as: corporate finance, public finance, monetary and fiscal policy, and risk management. The enclosed papers reflect the extent, diversity, and richness of research areas in the finance and sustainability fields, both fundamental and applied, and are beneficial to researchers, practitioners, scholars and policy makers in economics, finance, and international economics.

Astrobiología, una visión transdisciplinaria de la vida en el universo introduce al lector en esta reciente disciplina que hace uso de diversas ciencias, como la astronomía, biología, química, ecología, geología e incluso la filosofía. A lo largo de la obra se da un marco teórico de sus principales temas de estudio: la vida, las características esenciales de un planeta para albergar vida, las particulares condiciones de la Tierra que le permitieron albergar vida, las zonas habitables en el universo y la composición química de éste.

Thanks to NASA's Dawn mission, the last half-decade has witnessed a significant advance in our understanding of Ceres. The largest object between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, Ceres is the most water-rich body in the inner solar system after Earth which shows evidence of brine-driven activity in its recent history, and even possibly at the present. The potential existence of a subsurface ocean or regional seas in Ceres and its salt- and organic-rich composition underscore its astro-biological significance. After signaling the discovery of the asteroid belt more than two centuries ago, Ceres once again reveals new insights for us to understand the formation, evolution, and habitability of this large icy body in our solar system.This book reviews the current state of knowledge about Ceres after the extensive scientific exploration by the Dawn mission. Starting from the introduction of the discovery of Ceres and what we know about this enigmatic world before Dawn's arrival, each chapter focuses on one aspect of Ceres, including its surface composition, its geology, the role of water ice in shaping Ceres's surface, its interior structure, and expressions of cryovolcanic or brine activity at the surface. Following this framework, the book addresses the astro-biological significance of Ceres. The last chapter summarizes the new questions opened by the Dawn mission and the next step to exploring the dwarf planet closest to Earth.Related Link(s)

In No Standard Oil, environmental policy expert Deborah Gordon examines the widely varying climate impacts of global oils and gases, and proposes solutions to cut greenhouse gas emissions in this sector while making sustainable progress in transitioning to a carbon-free energy future. The next decade will be decisive in the fight against climate change. It will be impossible to hold the planet to a 1.5o C temperature rise without controlling methane and CO2 emissions from the oil and gas sector. Contrary to popular belief, the world will not run out of these resources anytime soon. Consumers will continue to demand these abundant resources to fuel their cars, heat their homes, and produce everyday goods like shampoo, pajamas, and paint. But it is becoming more environmentally damaging to supply energy using technologies like fracking oil and liquefying gas. Policymakers, financial investors, environmental advocates, and citizens need to understand what oil and gas are doing to our climate to inform decision-making. In No Standard Oil, Deborah Gordon shows that no two oils or gases are environmentally alike. Each has a distinct, quantifiable climate impact. While all oils and gases pollute, some are much worse for the climate than others. In clear, accessible language, Gordon explains the results of the Oil Climate Index Plus Gas (OCI+), an innovative, open source model that estimates global oil and gas emissions. Gordon identifies the oils and gases from every region of the globe-along with the specific production, processing, and refining activities-that are the most harmful to the planet, and proposes innovative solutions to reduce their climate footprints. Global climate stabilization cannot afford to wait for oil and gas to run out. No Standard Oil shows how we can take immediate, practical steps to cut greenhouse gas emissions in the crucial oil and gas sector while making sustainable progress in transitioning to a carbon-free energy future.

Planetary Exploration Horizon 2061: A Long-Term Perspective for Planetary Exploration synthesizes all the material elaborated and discussed during three workshops devoted to the Horizon 2061 foresight exercise. Sections cover the science of planetary systems, space missions to solar system objects, technologies for exploration, and infrastructures and services to support the missions and to maximize their science return. The editors follow the path of the implementation of a planetary mission, from the needed support in terms of navigation and communication, through the handling of samples returned to Earth, to the development of more permanent infrastructures for scientific human outposts on the Moon and Mars. This book also includes a special chapter entirely devoted to contributions from students and early-career scientists: the'Horizon 2061 generation and a final chapter on important avenues for the actual implementation of the planetary missions coming out of our'Dreams for Horizon 2061: International cooperation, and the growing role and initiatives of private enterprise in planetary exploration. - Provides a logical link between scientific questions and the technologies needed to thoroughly address them - Organized chapters present a logical road map of subjects, while also stimulating a cross-disciplinary understanding of the scientific and technical challenges of planetary exploration - Contains illustrations and tables that capture and synthesize knowledge of a broad readership