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'Karthago'schreitet drei Jahrtausende Siedlungsgeschichte ab. Karthago florierte fast sieben Jahrhunderte als punische, weitere sieben Jahrhunderte als eine römische Metropole. In der Nachantike zerfiel es, seine Bauten wurden bis auf den Erdboden abgetragen. Schauplatz eines Kreuzzugs im 13. und eines europäischen Feldzugs im 16. Jahrhundert, wurde es nach 1800 Objekt archäologischer und imperialistischer Begehrlichkeiten. Sitz eines kolonialzeitlichen katholischen Erzbistums, entwickelte sich Karthago im 20. Jahrhundert zu einer kleinstädtischen Kommune, in der der tunesische Präsident seine Residenz hat. Verstärkt seit Beginn einer internationalen Grabungskampagne 1972 hat die Archäologie aus den reduzierten Überresten Merkmale der Stadtgestalt im zeitlichen Wandel herausgearbeitet. „Karthago'schreibt die archäologische Geschichte der Stadt und entfaltet mit Blick auf die großen stratigraphischen Herausforderungen zugleich eine karthagische Geschichte der Archäologie. Für die Fachöffentlichkeit bietet es eine kritische Zusammenschau auf Grundlage der neuesten Forschung, für interessierte Laien einen fundierten Einblick in die Geschichte einer antiken Metropole und die Potenziale moderner archäologischer Analyse.

Modeling, Identification, and Control for Cyber-Physical Systems Towards Industry 4.0 studies and analyzes the role of algorithms in identifying and controlling such a system towards Industry 4.0, which is the digital transformation of manufacturing and related industries and value creation processes. This book focuses on the conception and implementation of intelligent algorithms. It will help readers who work on sensors, virtual sensors, actuators and virtual actuators embedded systems, network infrastructures, servers with computing and storage capacity, autonomous computing software, real-time data processing, and database graphical user interfaces wireless networking technologies. Cyber-Physical Systems are network components that coordinate physical actions with each other. These autonomous systems perceive their surroundings using virtual sensors and actively influence them via virtual actuators. Adaptable and continuously evolving, these systems free up skilled workers to perform complex tasks, avoiding productivity loss and re-work. - Provides the new and cutting-edge research and development and a series of guidance procedures for potential applications from academic research to industrial R&D - Focuses on the conception and implementation of intelligent algorithms - Covers a wide spectrum of topics, including sensors, virtual sensors, actuators and virtual actuators embedded systems, network infrastructures, servers with computing and storage capacity, autonomous computing software, real-time data processing, and database graphical user interfaces wireless networking technologies

The past is always an interpretive act from the lens of the present. Through the lens of critical race theory, the essays collected here explore new analytical models, theoretical frameworks, and methodological approaches in attempting to reimagine the European Renaissance and early modern periods in terms of global expansion, awareness, and participation. Centering race in these periods requires that we acknowledge the people against whom social hierarchies and differential treatment were directed. This collection takes Europe as its focus, but White Europeans are not centred in it and the experiences of Black Africans, Asians, Jews and Muslims are not relegated to the margins of a shared history. Situating Europe within a global context forces the reconsideration of the violence that attends the interaction of peoples both across cultures and enmired within them. The less we are attentive to the cultural interactions, cross- cultural migrations and global dimensions of the late medieval and early modern periods, the less we are forced to recognize the violence, intolerance, power struggles and enforced suppressions that attend them.

Using new archival research, this book shows how Union Theological Seminary exported progressive Christianity to Communist China. Founded in 1836, the New York seminary disseminated its version of Christianity to China through its alumni. From 1911 to 1949, 196 Union alumni went to China. Thirty-nine of these former students were Chinese nationals. Many of these Chinese students--such as Y. T. Wu (Wu Yaozong), K. H. Ting (Ding Guangxun), John Sung (Song Shangjie), and Timothy Tingfang Lew (Liu Tingfang)--became key leaders in the Sino-Foreign Protestant Establishment and the Three-Self Patriotic Movement. The school became a dense hub of influential Chinese and American Christians. Union's role in liberalizing and indigenizing Christianity in twentieth-century China has been largely unnoticed, until now.

Biological Essentialism addresses three main issues. The first concerns the essences (natures, identities) of biological taxa, particularly species. Kripke and other metaphysicians hold that these essences are (at least partly) intrinsic, underlying, probably largely genetic properties. This view, based largely on intuitions, is dismissed by the consensus in the philosophy of biology as being incompatible with Darwinism and reflecting ignorance of biology. Biological Essentalism argues that the demands of biological explanation show that the metaphysicians are right. The positive view of the consensus is that the essences are wholly relational: taxa must have certain histories. Biological Essentialism argues that there is indeed an historical component to the essence, but this component presupposes an intrinsic component. Its second issue concerns the essences of biological individuals. Metaphysicians have had much to say about this, again on the basis of intuitions. Many hold that an individual is essentially a member of its species. This has recently been unequivocally rejected by philosophers of biology. Biological Essentialism appeals to biological explanation again to argue for essential membership; furthermore, to argue for the Kripkean view that an organism's essence is partly intrinsic and partly relational (a matter of origin). Finally, the book addresses the lively contemporary issue of whether race is biologically “real”. From the perspective developed earlier, the book argues that there are indeed racial kinds, in some sense, that are “in the realm of the biological”. These kinds also have partly historical and partly intrinsic underlying essences.

Mit mond a tudomány a sikerről, és miért értettél félre (szinte) mindentWall Street Journal BestsellerPublisher's Weekly BestsellerUSA Today BestsellerFinancial Times - a hónap üzleti könyveBusiness Insider - az év legjobb üzleti könyveFast Company - a legjobb üzleti és vezetői könyvekEntrepreneur Magazine - a legjobb üzleti könyvA nagy teljesítményekről sokan beszélnek látszólag logikusan és őszintén. Csak éppen, amit mondanak: tévedés. Ez a könyv tudományos alapokon határozza meg a sikert, és azt is elmondja, mitől lehet sikeres valaki.- Miért van, hogy az osztályelsőkből ritkán lesznek milliomosok, és valójában a legnagyobb gyengéd válhat a legnagyobb erősségeddé- Hogy a jó emberek érnek-e célba utoljára, és az együttműködésről miért bandatagok, kalózok és sorozatgyilkosok tudnak leghasznosabb tanácsokat adni- Miért nem működik, ha az ember fokozni akarja az önbizalmát, és mi a buddhista filozófia által képviselt jobb megoldás- Mi a kitartásnak az a titkos összetevője, amire a haditengerészeti SEAL-ek és a katasztrófák túlélői támaszkodnak?- Hogyan teremtse meg az ember a munka-szabadidő egyensúlyt - Dzsingisz kán stratégiájának és Albert Einstein tévedéseinek felhasználásával, plusz egy kis leckét véve PókembertőlA Ha rossz ajtón kopogtatsz meglepő adatokkal és élvezetes anekdotákkal mutatja be, mi működik és mi nem, így aztán az embernek már nem kell többé azon töprengeni, hogyan váljon sikeressé - arra koncentrálhat, hogy olyan életet éljen, amilyet szeretne.Élvezetes a szertelensége; tényekre alapoz és megvilágító erejű - ez a könyv választ ad azokra a kérdésekre, amelyeken már régóta töprengünk a sikerességgel kapcsolatban. - Adam Grant, az Eredetik és a Gondold újra című New York Times bestsellerek szerzőjeA Ha rossz ajtón kopogtatsz mestermű. Akár kedveli az ember az önsegítő könyveket, akár rühelli, ez egy olyan recept a jobb élet elérésére, aminek senki nem tud majd ellenállni. - Prof. Robert Sutton (Stanford Egyetem), a Kis seggfejkalauz című bestseller szerzőjeEric Barker a Ha rossz ajtón kopogtatsz című könyv szerzője, amely világszerte több mint félmillió példányban kelt el, és több mint húsz nyelvre fordították le. Keresett előadó, szerepelt az MIT, az Aspen Ideas Festival, a Google, a CENTCOM és az Olympic Training Center rendezvényein. Barker heti hírlevelére több mint ötszázezren iratkoztak fel. Munkásságát a többek közt a New York Timesban, az Atlanticban és a Financial Timesban is szemlézték.

A “fascinating” (The Wall Street Journal), “spirited and inspiring” (Jacobin) tour through the ages in search of the thinkers and communities that have dared to reimagine how we might better live our daily lives.In the 6th century BCE, the Greek philosopher Pythagoras—a man remembered today more for his theorem about right-angled triangles than for his progressive politics—founded a commune in a seaside village in what's now southern Italy. The men and women there shared their property, lived as equals, and dedicated themselves to the study of mathematics and the mysteries of the universe. Ever since, humans have been dreaming up better ways to organize how we live together, pool our resources, raise our children, and determine who's part of our families. Some of these experiments burned brightly for only a brief while, but others carry on today: from the Danish cohousing communities that share chores and deepen neighborly bonds, to matriarchal Colombian ecovillages where residents grow their own food; and from Connecticut, where new laws make it easier for extra “alloparents” to help raise children not their own, to China where planned microdistricts ensure everything a busy household might need is nearby. One of those startlingly rare books that upends what you think is possible, Everyday Utopia provides a “powerful reminder that dreaming of better worlds is not just some fantastical project, but also a political one” (Rebecca Traister, New York Times bestselling author of Good and Mad). This “must-read” (Thomas Piketty, New York Times bestselling author of A Brief History of Equality) offers a radically hopeful vision for how to build more contented and connected societies, alongside a practical guide to what we all can do in the meantime to live the good life each and every day.

A sweeping yet concise account of history's empires that managed to maintain dominance for long stretches. What should the United States do with its power? What goals should it have, and how should it pursue them? Ultimately, what do Americans want their country to be? These are questions of grand strategy. The United States is the most powerful actor in the international system, but it is facing a set of challenges that might lead to its decline as this century unfolds. In The Pursuit of Dominance, Christopher J. Fettweis examines the grand strategy of previous superpowers to see how they maintained, or failed to maintain, their status. Over the course of six cases, from Ancient Rome to the British Empire, he seeks guidance from the past for present US policymakers. Like the United States, the examples Fettweis uses were the world'strongest powers at particularly moments in time, and they were hoping to stay that way. Rather than focusing on those powers'rise or how they ruled, however, Fettweis looks at how they sought to maintain their power. From these cases, one paramount lesson becomes clear: Dominant powers usually survive even the most incompetent leaders. Fettweis is most interested in how these superpowers defined their interests, the grand strategies these regimes followed to maintain superiority over their rivals, and how the practice of that strategy worked. A sweeping history of grand strategy, The Pursuit of Dominance looks at the past 2,000 years to highlight what--if anything--current US strategists can learn from the experience of earlier superpowers.

Not one size fits all. Yet, some books teach business with minimal focus on the context for business. In reality, firms — large and small — are highly affected by the context in which they operate; yet, context is not uniformly conceptualized, theorized, and operationalized by scholars of business and management. While most theories have come from developed countries with bountiful contexts, the diverse contexts of Western Asia are little understood. Religious factors are profoundly dominant in Western Asia, and businesses in this diverse area operate with considerations that are rarely considered in research. This book reveals a variety of schools of thought that have molded several business models and mechanisms, which are, to some extent, different from the context of Western economies.

Combining insights from evolutionary psychology with a broad sweep through history, down to the ideological civil war ripping the United States apart, the book explores the deeper roots of people's inability to accept claims about reality which come from the opposite ideological camp, no matter how valid they might be. After theorists around 1960 proclaimed the'death of ideology', ideological divides and clashes have reemerged with renewed intensity throughout the world. In the United States they have become particularly venomous. Each side in America's escalating ideological civil war charges the other with concocting'fake news'and'alternative facts'. The other side is widely viewed as malicious, irrational or downright stupid, and, often, as barely legitimate. People are deaf to claims about reality that come from the opposite camp, no matter how valid they might be. The zeal of the opposing sides is often scarcely less than that which characterized the religious ideologies of old. Indeed, historical religious ideologies have largely been replaced by'secular religions'or'religion substitutes'. Ideology consists of normative prescriptions regarding how society should be shaped, together with an interpretive roadmap indicating how this normative vision can be implemented in reality. Ideological Fixation is the result of tensions and conflicts between these two elements. The book focuses on ideologies'factual claims about the world, typically subordinate to, and often distorted by, their normative commitment. In exploring this phenomenon, the book combines insights from evolutionary psychology regarding the nature of some of our deepest proclivities with a broad sweep through history and around the world. It proceeds from the Stone Age to the rise of civilization, the great religions and modernity, to a critique of fundamental factual premises that underlie some of the major debates dominating today's liberal democracies, not least the United States.

Double Helix History examines the interface between genetics and history in order to investigate the plausibility of ‘new'knowledge derived from scientific methods and to reflect upon what it might mean for the practice of history.Since the mapping of the human genome in 2001, there has been an expansion in the use of genetic information for historical investigation. Geneticists are confident that this has changed the way we know the past. This book considers the practicalities and implications of this seemingly new way of understanding the human past using genetics. It provides the first sustained engagement with these so-called ‘genomic histories'. The book investigates the ways that genetic awareness and practice is seemingly changing historical practice and conceptualisation. Linking six concepts – ‘Public', ‘Practice', ‘Ethics', ‘Politics', ‘Self', and ‘Imagination – Double Helix History outlines the ways that genetic information, being postgenomic, the public life of DNA, and the genetic historical imaginary work on the body, on collective memory, on the historical imagination, on the ethics of historical investigation, on the articulation of history, and on the collection and interpretation of data regarding the ‘past'.This book will appeal to researchers and students alike interested in DNA, genetics, and historiography.

The two-volume set CCIS 1712 and 1713 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st Asian Simulation Conference, AsiaSim 2022, which took place in Changsha, China, in January 2023. Due to the Covid pandemic AsiaSim 2022 has been postponed to January 2023. The 97 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 218 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections as follows: Modeling theory and methodology; Continuous system/discrete event system/hybrid system/intelligent system modeling and simulation; Complex systems and open, complex and giant systems modeling and simulation; Integrated natural environment and virtual reality environment modeling and simulation; Networked Modeling and Simulation; Flight simulation, simulator, simulation support environment, simulation standard and simulation system construction; High performance computing, parallel computing, pervasive computing, embedded computing and simulation; CAD/CAE/CAM/CIMS/VP/VM/VR/SBA; Big data challenges and requirements for simulation and knowledge services of big data ecosystem; Artificial intelligence for simulation; Application of modeling/simulation in science/engineering/society/economy /management/energy/transportation/life/biology/medicine etc; Application of modeling/simulation in energy saving/emission reduction, public safety, disaster prevention/mitigation; Modeling/simulation applications in the military field; Modeling/simulation applications in education and training; Modeling/simulation applications in entertainment and sports.

This volume brings together a range of contributors with different and hybrid academic backgrounds to explore, through bioarchaeology, the past human experience in the territories that span Mesoamerica.This handbook provides systematic bioarchaeological coverage of skeletal research in the ancient Mesoamericas. It offers an integrated collection of engrained, bioculturally embedded explorations of relevant and timely topics, such as population shifts, lifestyles, body concepts, beauty, gender, health, foodways, social inequality, and violence. The additional treatment of new methodologies, local cultural settings, and theoretic frames rounds out the scope of this handbook. The selection of 36 chapter contributions invites readers to engage with the human condition in ancient and not-so-ancient Mesoamerica and beyond.The Routledge Handbook of Mesoamerican Bioarchaeology is addressed to an audience of Mesoamericanists, students, and researchers in bioarchaeology and related fields. It serves as a comprehensive reference for courses on Mesoamerica, bioarchaeology, and Native American studies.

The two-volume set CCIS 1712 and 1713 constitutes the proceedings of the 21st Asian Simulation Conference, AsiaSim 2022, which took place in Changsha, China, in January 2023. Due to the Covid pandemic AsiaSim 2022 has been postponed to January 2023. The 97 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 218 submissions. The contributions were organized in topical sections as follows: Modeling theory and methodology; Continuous system/discrete event system/hybrid system/intelligent system modeling and simulation; Complex systems and open, complex and giant systems modeling and simulation; Integrated natural environment and virtual reality environment modeling and simulation; Networked Modeling and Simulation; Flight simulation, simulator, simulation support environment, simulation standard and simulation system construction; High performance computing, parallel computing, pervasive computing, embeddedcomputing and simulation; CAD/CAE/CAM/CIMS/VP/VM/VR/SBA; Big data challenges and requirements for simulation and knowledge services of big data ecosystem; Artificial intelligence for simulation; Application of modeling/simulation in science/engineering/society/economy /management/energy/transportation/life/biology/medicine etc; Application of modeling/simulation in energy saving/emission reduction, public safety, disaster prevention/mitigation; Modeling/simulation applications in the military field; Modeling/simulation applications in education and training; Modeling/simulation applications in entertainment and sports.

Muitos cristãos proeminentes afirmam que a igreja cristã precisa se render à teoria evolutiva contemporânea e, portanto, modificar ideias bíblicas tradicionais a respeito da criação da vida. Defendem que Deus usou, embora de modo indetectável, mecanismos evolutivos para produzir todas as formas de vida. Neste livro, mais de vinte cientistas, filósofos e teólogos renomados da Europa e da América do Norte refutam essa proposta e documentam problemas evidenciais, lógicos e teológicos da evolução teísta, o que faz da presente obra a crítica mais abrangente produzida até hoje sobre o tema. Uma obra de enorme importância. Coletânea admirável de capítulos escritos por um grupo brilhante de especialistas plenamente qualificados em biologia molecular, matemática, filosofia e teologia. Richard A. Carhart, professor emérito de Física da University of Illinois, Chicago Defende de forma persuasiva que a evolução teísta fracassa como teoria do ponto de vista científico, filosófico e bíblico. Formula uma argumentação de grande impacto. Fortemente recomendado. Michael Reeves, presidente e professor de Teologia da Union School of Theology, Reino Unido Este livro extraordinário mostra o quanto a evolução teísta é, na verdade, uma ideia científica e filosoficamente absurda. Constitui uma contribuição abalizada e fundamental para esse assunto! David J. Galloway, ex-presidente do Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow

This volume provides the most up-to-date and holistic but compact account of the peopling of the world from the perspective of language, genes and material culture, presenting a view from the Himalayas. The phylogeny of language families, the chronology of branching of linguistic family trees and the historical and modern geographical distribution of language communities inform us about the spread of languages and linguistic phyla. The global distribution and the chronology of spread of Y chromosomal haplogroups appears closely correlated with the spread of language families. New findings on ancient DNA have greatly enhanced our understanding of the prehistory and provenance of our biological ancestors. The archaeological study of past material cultures provides yet a third independent window onto the complex prehistory of our species.

Between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries, the social and cultural worlds of medieval Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean were transformed by the religious impetus of the crusades. Today we bear witness to these transformations in the material and environmental record revealed by new archaeological excavations and reappraisals of museum collections. This volume highlights new archaeological knowledge being developed by scholars working in the fields of history, archaeology, numismatics, and architecture to demonstrate its potential to change and augment our understanding of the crusades.The 16 chapters in this volume deploy a contemporary scientific approach to archaeology of the crusades to give an up-to-date account into the diverse range of research in this area. They explore five key themes: the implications of scientific methods, new excavations and surveys, architectural analyses, sigillography, and the application of social interpretations. Together these chapters provide a new way of approaching the study of the crusades, and demonstrate the value of taking a holistic view that utilises the full diverse range of evidence available to us.

FINALIST AL PREMIULUI BAILLIE GIFFORD PENTRU NONFICȚIUNE 2018 Ca două picături de apă prezintă o perspectivă profund originală asupra a ceea ce transmitem de la o generație la alta. Charles Darwin a jucat un rol crucial în transformarea eredității într-o problemă științifică, dar, cu toate acestea, tentativa sa de a oferi un răspuns s-a soldat cu un eșec spectaculos. Nașterea geneticii la începutul anilor 1900 a părut să facă exact asta. Treptat, oamenii și-au tradus vechile noțiuni despre ereditate în limbajul genelor. Pe măsură ce tehnologia de studiere a genelor a devenit mai ieftină, milioane de oameni și-au comandat teste genetice care să îi aducă aproape de părinți lipsă, de strămoși îndepărtați, de identități etnice... Dar, ne spune Zimmer, ereditatea nu se referă doar la genele care trec de la părinte la copil. Ereditatea continuă în corpul nostru, pe măsură ce o singură celulă se transformă în miliarde de celule care ne formează trupul. Spunem că moștenim gene de la strămoșii noștri – folosind un cuvânt care se referea pe vremuri la moșii și regate –, dar moștenim și alte lucruri care înseamnă la fel de mult sau mai mult pentru viața noastră, de la microbi la tehnologiile pe care le folosim pentru a ne face viața mai ușoară. Avem nevoie de o nouă definiție a eredității și, prin intermediul explicațiilor elocvente și al talentului de povestitor al lui Carl Zimmer, acest volum, adevărat tur de forță, ne-o oferă. Împletind cercetări științifice vechi și actuale, propria experiență cu cele două fiice ale sale și tipul de relatare jurnalistică de așteptat de la unul dintre cei mai buni ziariști de știință, Zimmer dezvăluie întrebări referitoare la bioetică ce au nevoie urgentă de răspunsuri de la noile tehnologii biomedicale, dar și ipoteze cunoscute despre cine suntem cu adevărat și despre ce putem transmite viitoarelor generații. „Minunat scrisă... O carte fascinantă.“ The Times „Nuanțată, antrenantă și oferind un echilibru perfect între povestire și știință... Cine este interesat în parcursul lui prin istorie și de ce poate lăsa în urmă va găsi multe lucruri interesante în aceste pagini.“ New Scientist „Fascinantă... Inteligent convingătoare.“ Observer „Extraordinară... Această carte îl reprezintă pe Zimmer cu ce poate face cel mai bine: să combată concepțiile greșite despre știință cu blândețe, prin proză.“ New York Review of Books „De ce seamănă copiii cu părinții și cu frații lor, dar, cu toate acestea, sunt diferiți unul de altul?... Fascinant... Cartea lui Zimmer este o modalitate excelentă de a te pune rapid la curent cu ultimele noutăți.“ Washington Post CARL ZIMMER este scriitor și editorialist cunoscut de știință popularizată, relatând despre cercetările avansate din biologie. Din 2013 este editorialist la New York Times. Ține prelegeri la universități, școli medicale, muzee și festivaluri și este o prezență obișnuită în programe radio. În 2016, Zimmer a câștigat Premiul Stephen Jay Gould, decernat anual de Societatea pentru Studiul Evoluției ca modalitate de recunoaștere a indivizilor ale căror eforturi susținute au dus la creșterea înțelegerii publicului în ceea ce privește știința evoluționistă. Zimmer este autorul a 12 cărți despre știință, pe subiecte de la virusuri la neuroștiință și evoluție.

What can we learn about the ancient landscapes of our world, and how can those lessons improve our future in the landscapes that we all inhabit? Those questions are addressed in this book, through a practical framework of concepts and methods, combined with detailed case studies around the world.The chapters explore the range of physical and social attributes that have shaped and re-shaped our landscapes through time. International authors contributed the latest results of investigating ancient landscapes (or'palaeolandscapes') in diverse settings of tropical forests, deserts, river deltas, remote islands, coastal zones, and continental interiors. The case studies embrace a broadly accommodating approach of combining archaeological evidence with other avenues of research in earth sciences, biology, and social relations. Individually and in concert, the chapters offer new perspectives on what the world's palaeolandscapes looked like, how people lived in these places, and how communities have engaged with long-term change in their natural and cultural environments through successive centuries and millennia. The lessons are paramount for building responsible strategies and policies today and into the future, noting that many of these issues from the past have gained more urgency today.This book reaches across archaeology, ecology, geography, and other studies of human-environment relations that will appeal to general readers. Specialists and students in these fields will find extra value in the primary datasets and in the new ideas and perspectives. Furthermore, this book provides unique examples from the past, toward understanding the workings of sustainable landscape systems.

Settlement and Crusade in the Thirteenth Century sheds new light on formerly less explored aspects of the crusading movement and the Latin East during the thirteenth century.In commemoration of the 800th anniversary of the construction of'Atlit Castle, a significant section of this volume is dedicated to the castle, which was one of the most impressive built in the Latin East. Scholarly debate has centred on the reasons behind the construction of the castle, its role in the defence of the Kingdom of Jerusalem during the thirteenth century, and its significance for the Templar order. The studies in this volume shed new light on diverse aspects of the site, including its cemetery and the surveys conducted there. Further chapters examine Cyprus during the thirteenth century, which under the Lusignan dynasty was an important centre of Latin settlement in the East, and a major trade centre. These chapters present new contributions regarding the complex visual culture which developed on the island, the relation between different social groups, and settlement patterns. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of the medieval period, as well as those interested in the Crusades, archaeology, material culture, and art history.

Archaeology: The Science of the Human Past provides students with a thorough understanding of what archaeology is and how it operates and familiarizes them with fundamental archaeological concepts and methods.This volume introduces the basic components of archaeology, including sites, artifacts, ecofacts, remote sensing, and excavation. It discusses how archaeologists obtain and classify information and how they analyze this information to formulate and test models of what happened in the past. Cultural resource management and the laws and regulations that deal with archaeology around the world are described. Archaeology is placed in the context of contemporary issues, from environmental problems to issues affecting Indigenous populations. The sixth edition has been updated and simplified to create a more streamlined volume to meet the needs of the students and teachers for whom it is designed, reflecting the latest developments in archaeological techniques and approaches.Allowing students to understand the theoretical and scientific aspects of archaeology and how various archaeological perspectives and techniques help us understand how and what we know about the past, Archaeology: The Science of the Human Past is an ideal introduction to archaeology.

Bioarchaeology covers the history and general theory of the field plus the recovery and laboratory treatment of human remains.Bioarchaeology is the study of human remains in context from an archaeological and anthropological perspective. The book explores, through numerous case studies, how the ways a society deals with their dead can reveal a great deal about that society, including its religious, political, economic, and social organizations. It details recovery methods and how, once recovered, human remains can be analyzed to reveal details about the funerary system of the subject society and inform on a variety of other issues, such as health, demography, disease, workloads, mobility, sex and gender, and migration. Finally, the book highlights how bioarchaeological techniques can be used in contemporary forensic settings and in investigations of genocide and war crimes.In Bioarchaeology, theories, principles, and scientific techniques are laid out in a clear, understandable way, and students of archaeology at undergraduate and graduate levels will find this an excellent guide to the field.

This book features the latest theoretical results and techniques in the field of guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) of vehicles and aircraft. It covers a range of topics, including, but not limited to, intelligent computing communication and control; new methods of navigation, estimation, and tracking; control of multiple moving objects; manned and autonomous unmanned systems; guidance, navigation, and control of miniature aircraft; and sensor systems for guidance, navigation, and control.Presenting recent advances in the form of illustrations, tables, and text, it also provides detailed information of a number of the studies, to offer readers insights for their own research. In addition, the book addresses fundamental concepts and studies in the development of GNC, making it a valuable resource for both beginners and researchers wanting to further their understanding of guidance, navigation, and control.

The Middle East plays a major role in the history of genetic science. Early in the twentieth century, technological breakthroughs in human genetics coincided with the birth of modern Middle Eastern nation-states, who proclaimed that the region's ancient history—as a cradle of civilizations and crossroads of humankind—was preserved in the bones and blood of their citizens. Using letters and publications from the 1920s to the present, Elise K. Burton follows the field expeditions and hospital surveys that scrutinized the bodies of tribal nomads and religious minorities. These studies, geneticists claim, not only detect the living descendants of biblical civilizations but also reveal the deeper past of human evolution. Genetic Crossroads is an unprecedented history of human genetics in the Middle East, from its roots in colonial anthropology and medicine to recent genome sequencing projects. It illuminates how scientists from Turkey to Yemen, Egypt to Iran, transformed genetic data into territorial claims and national origin myths. Burton shows why such nationalist appropriations of genetics are not local or temporary aberrations, but rather the enduring foundations of international scientific interest in Middle Eastern populations to this day.

From the bestselling author of 1177 B.C., an accessible primer to the archaeologist's craftAn archaeologist with more than thirty seasons of excavation experience, Eric H. Cline has conducted fieldwork around the world, from Greece and Crete to Egypt, Israel, and Jordan. In Digging Deeper, Cline answers the questions archaeologists are most frequently asked, such as: How do you know where to dig? How are excavations actually done? How do you know how old something is? Who gets to keep what is found? How do you know what people from the past ate, wore, and looked like? Adapted from Cline's acclaimed book Three Stones Make a Wall, this lively little volume is brimming with insights and practical advice about how archaeology really works. Whether you are an armchair archaeologist or embarking on your first excavation, Digging Deeper is an essential primer on the art of the dig.

The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages provides a comprehensive account of the Transeurasian languages, and is the first major reference work in the field since 1965. The term'Transeurasian'refers to a large group of geographically adjacent languages that includes five uncontroversial linguistic families: Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic. The historical connection between these languages, however, constitutes one of the most debated issues in historical comparative linguistics. In the present book, a team of leading international scholars in the field take a balanced approach to this controversy, integrating different theoretical frameworks, combining both functional and formal linguistics, and showing that genealogical and areal approaches are in fact compatible with one another. The volume is divided into five parts. Part I deals with the historical sources and periodization of the Transeurasian languages and their classification and typology. In Part II, chapters provide individual structural overviews of the Transeurasian languages and the linguistic subgroups that they belong to, while Part III explores Transeurasian phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, and semantics from a comparative perspective. Part IV offers a range of areal and genealogical explanations for the correlations observed in the preceding parts. Finally, Part V combines archaeological, genetic, and anthropological perspectives on the identity of speakers of Transeurasian languages. The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages will be an indispensable resource for specialists in Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages and for anyone with an interest in Transeurasian and comparative linguistics more broadly.

This book looks at the first eight Sanskrit law codes written in India, between 600 BCE and 570 ACE. It focuses on the legal, religious and ethical customs which were codified in this period and their impact on the social and political life of women.The volume analyzes texts such as the Dharma Sūtras, the Arthaśāstra, the Manu Smŗiti, the Yājňyavalkya Smŗiti, and Nārada Smŗiti, amongst others. It studies discourses on justice, conduct, virtues and duties, and how early laws were used to systematize patriarchy and the varna caste system in South Asia. It examines how patrimonial laws and male property rights highlighted social anxieties about female chastity and varna lineage, which led to the subordination of women and the lower varnas. These anxieties are most evident in codes from the late Vedic and early classical eras when diverse new settlers arrived upon the subcontinent. At this time, kings decentralized governance and allowed local groups to practice communal laws, while they meted out court justice with a specific law code. As the state became prosperous from trade conducted by merchants of diverse castes, sects, and classes, and social peace was ensured by officials from disparate backgrounds, kings began to rely upon a law code that aspired for equity above intolerance. These chapters examine heterodox Therāvada Buddhism and Jainism, their origins in the oligarchic state, their impact on the royal Sanskritic state, as seen in canonical literature. They especially focus on women's roles in heterodox sects, and the emergence of new spaces for women, as such changes were adopted in disparate ways and degrees by other South Asian communities. The volume will be a useful resource for students and researchers of history, women and gender studies, social anthropology, sociology, and law. It will also serve as an information guide for readers who are interested in the political, and social life of women in early India

The world's great religious and philosophical traditions often include poignant testimonies of spiritual turmoil and healing. Following episodes of harrowing personal crisis, including addictions, periods of anxiety and panic, and reminders of mortality, these accounts then also describe pathways to consolation and resolution.In Making Peace with the Universe, Michael Scott Alexander reads diverse classic religious accounts as masterpieces of therapeutic insight. In the company of William James, Socrates, Muslim legal scholar turned mystic Hamid al-Ghazali, Chinggis Khan as described by the Daoist monk Qui Chuji, and jazz musician and Catholic convert Mary Lou Williams, Alexander traces the steps from existential crisis to psychological health. He recasts spiritual confessions as case histories of therapy, showing how they remain radical and deeply meaningful even in an age of scientific psychology. They record the therapeutic affect of spiritual experience, testifying to the achievement of psychological well-being through the cultivation of an edifying spiritual mood.Mixing scholarly learning with episodes from his own skeptical quest, Alexander demonstrates how these accounts of private terror and personal triumph offer a model of therapy through spiritual adventure. An interdisciplinary consideration of the shared terrain of religion and psychology, Making Peace with the Universe offers an innovative view of what spiritual traditions can teach us about finding meaning in the modern world.

Morro Bay is one of more than thirty major estuaries where prehistoric people thrived along the California coast, yet for much of the twentieth century these systems were deemed insignificant within the broader outline of New World prehistory. Recent research, however, has shown that estuaries were magnets for human occupation as early as 10,000 years ago. This book combines archaeological data from large-scale excavations completed between 2003 and 2014 with other studies from Morro Bay to reveal a heretofore overlooked yet remarkable history of cultural change and adaptation. Over the last 8,000 years, as the bay evolved toward its current configuration, inhabitants endured earthquake and drought, regularly adjusting their settlement practices but continuing to fish and collect shellfish. Their populations slowly grew against a backdrop of extreme resource diversity and diachronic habitat variation, ultimately leaving behind evidence of a unique human-estuary ecological saga.

The knowledge on human biology is blooming. Progresses in genomics, epigenetics, neurobiology, human evolution, population genetics, and prehistory is extremely fast presently. However, few bridges have been launched between these fields on one hand, and human sciences (ethics, politics, psychoanalysis, philosophy) on the other hand. Now knowledge on human nature and on what makes us specifically humans do need tight collaborations between biological and human sciences. One of the specific goals of the book is to sort out, in our knowledge on human nature, what is: (i) strongly supported; (ii) still speculative; (iii) still extremely tentative; (iv) obviously (sometimes purposely) misleading; (v) definitely to be rejected. Such a sorting out is sorely needed, since this theme is politically loaded and full of propaganda, storytelling and “fake news”. This kind of endeavor is urgent because there is now a strong tendency in the general public to lose confidence in science and to believe in alternate sources of knowledge with uncertain backgrounds (social networks, internet). This books uniquely offers a thorough discussion, based on biology as well as on human sciences, on major societal debates of the time, such as origin of humankind, human genetic diversity, biology of cognition, science in front of intolerant ideologies, science and religion, and science and creationism/intelligent design. Its specific feature is sorted by the present states of knowledge, what is robust, then still speculative, unintentionally or intentionally (“scientific fake news”) misleading, and obviously wrong. Thorough updating is based on more than 300 references from the specialized literature as well as from the general media. The book, which is written in an accessible language and is completed with a glossary of specialized terms, will be therefore profitable to specialists of the concerned fields, university professors, teachers, students, as well as the general public.

After the high school student Qi Jin had obtained his special ability, he had relied on his special ability to cheat in order to gain admission to the Criminal Police Academy. He was sent to be a spy in the police force, and his superpower was constantly being upgraded. There were countless ways to cheat, and with the liveliness of the city, people with all sorts of identities proudly rose to the top, becoming an immortal legend.

After the high school student Qi Jin had obtained his special ability, he had relied on his special ability to cheat in order to gain admission to the Criminal Police Academy. He was sent to be a spy in the police force, and his superpower was constantly being upgraded. There were countless ways to cheat, and with the liveliness of the city, people with all sorts of identities proudly rose to the top, becoming an immortal legend.

An entirely new follow-up volume providing a detailed account of numerous additional issues, methods, and results that characterize current work in historical linguistics. This brand-new, second volume of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics is a complement to the well-established first volume first published in 2003. It includes extended content allowing uniquely comprehensive coverage of the study of language(s) over time. Though it adds fresh perspectives on several topics previously treated in the first volume, this Handbook focuses on extensions of diachronic linguistics beyond those key issues. This Handbook provides readers with studies of language change whose perspectives range from comparisons of large open vs. small closed corpora, via creolistics and linguistic contact in general, to obsolescence and endangerment of languages. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, new chapters are offered on matters such as the origin of language, evidence from language for reconstructing human prehistory, invocations of language present in studies of language past, benefits of linguistic fieldwork for historical investigation, ways in which not only biological evolution but also field biology can serve as heuristics for research into the rise and spread of linguistic innovations, and more. Moreover, it: offers novel and broadened content complementing the earlier volume so as to provide the fullest available overview of a wholly engrossing field includes 23 all-new contributed chapters, treating some familiar themes from fresh perspectives but mostly covering entirely new topics features expanded discussion of material from language families other than Indo-European provides a multiplicity of views from numerous specialists in linguistic diachrony. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, researchers and professional linguists, as well as all those interested in the history of particular languages and the history of language more generally.

Desde siempre, el temor a una catástrofe global ha perseguido al ser humano. Hoy estamos escribiendoun capítulo clave para el futuro de nuestro planeta. ¿Cabe algún espacio para el optimismo? «Los signos del calentamiento global están en todas partes y son mucho más complejos que el incremento de la temperatura global. El aumento del nivel del mar y eventos de calor extremo, la pérdida de hábitats y el desplazamiento de grandes masas humanas, son fenómenos que están cambiando el mundo. Sin embargo, todo ello es solo una de entre las muchas formas en que los seres humanos estamos afectando el planeta. La contaminación de distinto tipo, la transformación de la superficie terrestre, la nueva extinción de especies y el excesivo nivel de consumo generan un estrés sobre el planeta que difícilmente reconocemos en su real magnitud. »En un libro notable -no solo por lo interesante y atingente de su contenido, sino por su estructura lógica-, Fernando Acosta nos invita a revisar antecedentes del pasado, a reparar sobre lo que ocurre en el presente y a meditar sobre el futuro, conformando una historia que nos permite repensar el destino de la Tierra. Junto a esto, su valor también reside en que presenta cada uno de los temas de forma amena, con argumentos y contraargumentos, respaldado por una gran evidencia científica y con constantes referencias a grandes escritores e historiadores, construyendo un relato accesible para cualquier persona interesada en el futuro de nuestro pequeño hábitat cósmico y que esté abierta a cuestionar sus propias decisiones de vida. Todo, en momentos en que la supervivencia tanto de la humanidad como de otras especies parece más incierta que nunca.» Gabriel País, Director Ejecutivo de Axion Reseñas:«Un libro ambicioso, informativo y de gran alcance que entrega una visión crítica y excelentemente documentada acerca de la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza, que cubre el pasado y el presente de las sociedades y que reflexiona sobre algunos de los potenciales impactos futuros de las actividades antrópicas. Todos temas trascendentales para la supervivencia de la vida en el planeta tal como la conocemos.»AMBIENTUM (España) «Minucioso recorrido por nuestra atribulada historia como humanidad, poniendo en perspectiva este presente de crisis ambiental. Muy bien documentado y de lectura amena, recorre el camino del hombre y las decisiones que fueron signando el camino hacia la situación crítica en que estamos viviendo.»ECOS (Argentina) «Este texto nos deja tremendamente impresionados. Es un trabajo hermoso donde hay una línea de tiempo estructurada desde el comienzo de los tiempos hasta las experiencias que tenemos en los tiempos actuales. Su fluidez hace que sea muy fácil de leer y por consecuencia de entender. Un libro que debería estar incorporado dentro del currículum de la enseñanza escolar y universitaria. Aquí están los contenidos que necesitamos que sean vistos para impedir la destrucción del medio ambiente.»Sergio Campos, Radio Cooperativa (Chile) «Es impresionante la cantidad de información y la capacidad de mostrar el panorama general que necesitamos hoy día. Es un libro asombrosamente bien fundamentado muy ameno de leer. Como bien señala el título,'la forma en que vivimos'es lo que ha provocado los problemas que estamos sufriendo y es el punto de vista desde el cual debemos entender, mirar y enfrentar los desafíos del siglo XXI.»Anahí Urquiza, FACSO, Universidad de Chile «La manera en que el libro aborda la problemática actual de la humanidad y cómo interactuamos con la naturaleza y el mundo hace que este libro sea imperdible y de un tremendo valor. La humanidad solo se salva cuando todos tengamos la conciencia del daño que hemos provocado al medio ambiente. Un libro magistral que nadie puede dejar de leer.»Sergio Hernández, APRIMIN

Evolutionary science teaches that humans arose as a population, sharing common ancestors with other animals. Most readers of the book of Genesis in the past understood all humans descended from Adam and Eve, a couple specially created by God. These two teachings seem contradictory, but is that necessarily so? In the fractured conversation of human origins, can new insight guide us to solid ground in both science and theology?In The Genealogical Adam and Eve, S. Joshua Swamidass tests a scientific hypothesis: What if the traditional account is somehow true, with the origins of Adam and Eve taking place alongside evolution? Building on well-established but overlooked science, Swamidass explains how it's possible for Adam and Eve to be rightly identified as the ancestors of everyone. His analysis opens up new possibilities for understanding Adam and Eve, consistent both with current scientific consensus and with traditional readings of Scripture. These new possibilities open a conversation about what it means to be human.In this book, Swamidassuntangles several misunderstandings about the words human and ancestry, in both science and theologyexplains how genetic and genealogical ancestry are different, and how universal genealogical ancestry creates a new opportunity for rapprochementexplores implications of genealogical ancestry for the theology of the image of God, the fall, and people'outside the garden'Some think Adam and Eve are a myth. Some think evolution is a myth. Either way, the best available science opens up space to engage larger questions together. In this bold exploration, Swamidass charts a new way forward for peace between mainstream science and the Christian faith.

The first comprehensive look at menopause from prehistory to todayAre the ways we look at menopause all wrong? Historian Susan Mattern says yes, and The Slow Moon Climbs reveals just how wrong we have been. Taking readers from the rainforests of Paraguay to the streets of Tokyo, Mattern draws on historical, scientific, and cultural research to reveal how our perceptions of menopause developed from prehistory to today. For most of human history, people had no word for menopause and did not view it as a medical condition. Rather, in traditional foraging and agrarian societies, it was a transition to another important life stage. This book, then, introduces new ways of understanding life beyond fertility.Mattern examines the fascinating'Grandmother Hypothesis'—which argues for the importance of elders in the rearing of future generations—as well as other evolutionary theories that have generated surprising insights about menopause and the place of older people in society. She looks at agricultural communities where households relied on postreproductive women for the family's survival. And she explores the emergence of menopause as a medical condition in the Western world. It was only around 1700 that people began to see menopause as a dangerous pathological disorder linked to upsetting symptoms that rendered women weak and vulnerable. Mattern argues that menopause was another syndrome, like hysterical suffocation or melancholia, that emerged or reemerged in early modern Europe in tandem with the rise of a professional medical class.The Slow Moon Climbs casts menopause, at last, in the positive light it deserves—not only as an essential life stage, but also as a key factor in the history of human flourishing.

The Tale of Tea is the saga of globalisation. Tea gave birth to paper money, the Opium Wars and Hong Kong, triggered the Anglo-Dutch wars and the American war of independence, shaped the economies and military history of Táng and Sòng China and moulded Chinese art and culture. Whilst black tea dominates the global market today, such tea is a recent invention. No tea plantations existed in the world's largest black tea producing countries, India, Kenya and Sri Lanka, when the Dutch and the English went to war about tea in the 17th century. This book replaces popular myths about tea with recondite knowledge on the hidden origins and detailed history of today's globalised beverage in its many modern guises.

This interdisciplinary book considers national identity through the lens of urban spaces. By bringing together scholars from a range of disciplines, The City as Power provides broad comparative perspectives about the critical importance of urban landscapes as forums for creating, maintaining, and contesting identity and belonging. Rather than serving as passive backdrops, urban spaces and places are active mediums for defining categories of inclusion—and exclusion. With an international scope and ready appeal to visual learners, the book offers a compelling survey of historical and contemporary efforts to enact state ideals, express counter-narratives, and negotiate global trends in cities. The contributors show how successive regimes reshape cityscapes to mirror their respective socio-political agendas, perspectives on history, and assumptions of power. Yet they must do so within the legal, ethnic, religious, social, economic, and cultural geographies inherited from previous regimes. Exploring the rich diversity of urban space, place, and national identity, the book compares core elements of identity projects in a range of political, cultural, and socioeconomic settings. By focusing on the built form and urban settings for social movements, protest, and even organized violence, this timely book demonstrates that cities are not simply lived in but also lived through.

2019 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award Finalist'Science book of the year'—The GuardianOne of New York Times 100 Notable Books for 2018One of Publishers Weekly's Top Ten Books of 2018One of Kirkus's Best Books of 2018 One of Mental Floss's Best Books of 2018One of Science Friday's Best Science Books of 2018“Extraordinary”—New York Times Book Review'Magisterial'—The Atlantic'Engrossing'—Wired'Leading contender as the most outstanding nonfiction work of the year'—Minneapolis Star-TribuneCelebrated New York Times columnist and science writer Carl Zimmer presents a profoundly original perspective on what we pass along from generation to generation. Charles Darwin played a crucial part in turning heredity into a scientific question, and yet he failed spectacularly to answer it. The birth of genetics in the early 1900s seemed to do precisely that. Gradually, people translated their old notions about heredity into a language of genes. As the technology for studying genes became cheaper, millions of people ordered genetic tests to link themselves to missing parents, to distant ancestors, to ethnic identities...But, Zimmer writes, “Each of us carries an amalgam of fragments of DNA, stitched together from some of our many ancestors. Each piece has its own ancestry, traveling a different path back through human history. A particular fragment may sometimes be cause for worry, but most of our DNA influences who we are—our appearance, our height, our penchants—in inconceivably subtle ways.” Heredity isn't just about genes that pass from parent to child. Heredity continues within our own bodies, as a single cell gives rise to trillions of cells that make up our bodies. We say we inherit genes from our ancestors—using a word that once referred to kingdoms and estates—but we inherit other things that matter as much or more to our lives, from microbes to technologies we use to make life more comfortable. We need a new definition of what heredity is and, through Carl Zimmer's lucid exposition and storytelling, this resounding tour de force delivers it. Weaving historical and current scientific research, his own experience with his two daughters, and the kind of original reporting expected of one of the world's best science journalists, Zimmer ultimately unpacks urgent bioethical quandaries arising from new biomedical technologies, but also long-standing presumptions about who we really are and what we can pass on to future generations.

Chinas Gegenwartsgesellschaft gleicht einem sozialwissenschaftlichen Laboratorium: Einerseits ist sie einer rasanten Umgestaltung unterworfen, die in vielerlei Hinsicht Parallelen zur Entwicklung in westlichen Ländern aufweist. Andererseits finden diese Prozesse sozialen Wandels in anderer zeitlicher Abfolge und Geschwindigkeit, vor einem eigenen historischen und kulturellen Hintergrund und unter gänzlich anderen politischen Vorzeichen statt. Dies ermöglicht es, gängige soziologische Theorien nicht nur anzuwenden, sondern zugleich ihre Erklärungskraft für den Fall China kritisch zu hinterfragen. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes nehmen mit den Themen Familie, Bildung, Arbeit und Identität die neuralgischen Punkte der chinesischen Gesellschaft in den Blick. Damit trägt der Band sowohl zu einem vertieften Verständnis der chinesischen Moderne als auch zur soziologischen Theorieentwicklung bei.

It has long been assumed that no Armenian presence remained in eastern Turkey after the 1915 massacres. As a result of what has come to be called the Armenian Genocide, those who survived in Anatolia were assimilated as Muslims, with most losing all traces of their Christian identity. In fact, some did survive and together with their children managed during the last century to conceal their origins. Many of these survivors were orphans, adopted by Turks, only discovering their `true'identity late into their adult lives. Outwardly, they are Turks or Kurds and while some are practising Muslims, others continue to uphold Christian and Armenian traditions behind closed doors.In recent years, a growing number of `secret Armenians'have begun to emerge from the shadows. Spurred by the bold voices of journalists like Hrant Dink, the Armenian newspaper editor murdered in Istanbul in 2007, the pull towards freedom of speech and soul-searching are taking hold across the region. Avedis Hadjian has travelled to the towns and villages once densely populated by Armenians, recording stories of survival and discovery from those who remain in a region that is deemed unsafe for the people who once lived there. This book takes the reader to the heart of these hidden communities for the first time, unearthing their unique heritage and identity. Revealing the lives of a peoples that have been trapped in a history of denial for more than a century, Secret Nation is essential reading for anyone with an interest in the aftermath of the Armenian Genocide in the very places where the events occurred.

Dr. Greg Maguire's thought-provoking book offers a radically new approach to the standard means of developing drugs through the use of the molecules that stem cells release. Emphasizing that living organisms operate through the collective actions of entities within and between all levels of the biological organism, including the quantum level, molecular level, and cellular level, for example, the argument is put forth that drug development, and medicine itself, must treat various indications by understanding and then treating the collective actions at the relevant levels that are found to be perturbed in that particular indication. Motivated by the recent successes in the fields of quantum collective electrodynamics and condensed matter physics, where systems level thinking has explained through mathematical and conceptual reasoning how these phenomenon work, and doing so with heuristic outcomes, Maguire argues that the same system level thinking must be applied to drug development and medicine. The interactive nature of these fundamental collective processes is at the core of developing “systems therapeutics” and, as such, challenges those that believe in fundamental reductionism, where understanding the components of the system will explain the system. During these times, fundamental reductionism is often used to explain diseases as the result of an aberration in a DNA sequence, and targeted approaches to drug development lead to the development of small molecules to specifically target only one pathway. Because of this, there is an understanding that diseases and other indications are multifactorial and often don't involve a genomic alteration; systems biology analysis should lead to “systems therapeutics” where multiple pathways, often at different levels of the organism, are targeted by the therapeutic agents. The therapeutic development approach that Maguire explains is a result of reverse engineering endogenous adult stem cell function that serves to maintain and heal our tissues. Using the pools of molecules that different types of adult stem cells release, each pool of molecules being tissue specific for the indication to be treated, Maguire describes the “systems therapeutic” results. The book is divided into nine sections, each of which can be read as a standalone chapter and serve as a source of references on the particular topic. Although some of the topics use mathematical formulas, none of the material requires mathematical rigor in order to understand the concepts. The last chapter culminates in showing how the “systems therapeutic” approach using the molecules from adult stem cells is used to treat neurodegeneration.

This volume seeks to foreground a “borderless” history and geography of South, Southeast, and East Asian littoral zones that would be maritime-focused, and thereby explore the ancient connections and dynamics of interaction that favoured the encounters among the cultures found throughout the region stretching from the Indian Ocean littorals to the Western Pacific, from the early historical period to the present. Transcending the artificial boundaries of macro-regions and nation-states, and trying to bridge the arbitrary divide between (inherently cosmopolitan) “high” cultures (e.g. Sanskritic, Sinitic, or Islamicate) and “local” or “indigenous” cultures, this multidisciplinary volume explores the metaphor of Monsoon Asia as a vast geo-environmental area inhabited by speakers of numerous language phyla, which for millennia has formed an integrated system of littorals where crops, goods, ideas, cosmologies, and ritual practices circulated on the sea-routes governed by the seasonal monsoon winds. The collective body of work presented in the volume describes Monsoon Asia as an ideal theatre for circulatory dynamics of cultural transfer, interaction, acceptance, selection, and avoidance, and argues that, despite the rich ethnic, linguistic and sociocultural diversity, a shared pattern of values, norms, and cultural models is discernible throughout the region.

Winner of the Labriola Center American Indian National Book Award 2017 Mohawk midwife Katsi Cook lives in Akwesasne, an indigenous community in upstate New York that is downwind and downstream from three Superfund sites. For years she witnessed elevated rates of miscarriages, birth defects, and cancer in her town, ultimately drawing connections between environmental contamination and these maladies. When she brought her findings to environmental health researchers, Cook sparked the United States'first large-scale community-based participatory research project.In The River Is in Us, author Elizabeth Hoover takes us deep into this remarkable community that has partnered with scientists and developed grassroots programs to fight the contamination of its lands and reclaim its health and culture. Through in-depth research into archives, newspapers, and public meetings, as well as numerous interviews with community members and scientists, Hoover shows the exact efforts taken by Akwesasne's massive research project and the grassroots efforts to preserve the Native culture and lands. She also documents how contaminants have altered tribal life, including changes to the Mohawk fishing culture and the rise of diabetes in Akwesasne.Featuring community members such as farmers, health-care providers, area leaders, and environmental specialists, while rigorously evaluating the efficacy of tribal efforts to preserve its culture and protect its health, The River Is in Us offers important lessons for improving environmental health research and health care, plus detailed insights into the struggles and methods of indigenous groups. This moving, uplifting book is an essential read for anyone interested in Native Americans, social justice, and the pollutants contaminating our food, water, and bodies.

Azar Gat sets out to resolve one of the age-old questions of human existence: why people fight and can they stop. Spanning warfare from prehistory to the 21st century, the book shows that, neither an irresistible drive nor a cultural invention, deadly violence and warfare have figured prominently in our behavioural toolkit since the dawn of our species. People have always alternated between cooperation, peaceful competition, and violence to attain evolution-shaped human desires. A marked shift in the balance between these options has occurred since the onset of the industrial age. Rather than modern war becoming more costly (it hasn't), it is peace that has become more rewarding. Scrutinizing existing theories concerning the decline of war - such as the'democratic peace'and'capitalist peace'- Gat shows that they in fact partake of a broader Modernization Peace that has been growing since 1815. By now, war has disappeared within the world's most developed areas. Finally, Gat explains why the Modernization Peace has been disrupted in the past, as during the two World Wars, and how challenges to it may still arise. They include claimants to alternative modernity - such as China and Russia - anti-modernists, and failed modernizers that may spawn terrorism, potentially unconventional. While the world has become more peaceful than ever before, there is still much to worry about in terms of security and no place for complacency.

The Arctic rim of North America presents one of the most daunting environments for humans. Cold and austere, it is lacking in plants but rich in marine mammals-primarily the ringed seal, walrus, and bowhead whale. In this book in the SAA Press Current Perspectives Series, the authors track the history of cultural innovations in the Arctic and Subarctic for the past 12,000 years, including the development of sophisticated architecture, watercraft, fur clothing, hunting technology, and worldviews. Climate change is linked to many of the successes and failures of its inhabitants; warming or cooling periods led to periods of resource abundance or collapse, and in several instances to long-distance migrations. At its western and eastern margins, the Arctic also experienced the impact of Asian and European world systems, from that of the Norse in the East to the Russians in the Bering Strait.

Many prominent Christians insist that the church must yield to contemporary evolutionary theory and therefore modify traditional biblical ideas about the creation of life. They argue that God used—albeit in an undetectable way—evolutionary mechanisms to produce all forms of life. Featuring two dozen highly credentialed scientists, philosophers, and theologians from Europe and North America, this volume contests this proposal, documenting evidential, logical, and theological problems with theistic evolution—making it the most comprehensive critique of theistic evolution yet produced.