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Vitamins and Hormones serial highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Vitamins and Hormones series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Adrenal Gland

This book of the series on “Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease” includes state-of-the-art information on the status of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in the form of 24 chapters. This book has been organized into three sections: (i) General Implications of RAS in human health and Infectious Diseases, (ii) Lung, Liver and Kidney Diseases, and (iii) Development of Cancer. Each chapter has discussed comprehensive knowledge regarding the molecular and cellular aspects of the role of RAS in the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of different disease processes. Biochemical mechanisms associated with angiotensin II type 1 and type II receptors, and angiotensin (1-7) MAS receptors for the occurrence of both harmful and beneficial effects of prolonged activation of RAS in different diseases have been outlined. It is noteworthy to point out that different chapter in this book were prepared by recognized global expertise in the area of inflammation, oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways to highlight the role of RAS in different diseases. It is our sincere hope that this book will be of great interest to both biomedical investigators and health professionals as well as graduate students and postdoctoral fellows all over the world.

This book examines the role of human microbiome in human health and diseases. The initial chapters present tools for genetic manipulation of gut microbiota and the therapeutic applications of engineered microbiota. They discuss the interaction between human microbiota and host in defining the prominent role of microbes in the development and progression of major human diseases. The book also summarizes the current applications and trends for the development, production and analytical characterization of recombinant therapeutic proteins in microbial systems. It also reviews the role of microbes in the production of vaccines and antibiotics. Further, the book presents bacterial products, including proteins, enzymes, immunotoxins and secondary metabolites, that target cancer cells and cause tumour regression. The chapters also discuss the critical role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease and in bowel-related diseases. Towards the end, the book exploresthe role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic health and the pathogenesis of common metabolic disorders. It presents state-of-the-art insights into important aspects of United Nations—Sustainable Developmental Goal 3.

Encyclopedia of Latin America organizes researchers from around the world in Latin American studies and related disciplines and maintains an up-to-date reference work for readers worldwide. Please review the Table of Contents for more in-depth information.

Advances in Genetics, Volume 107, provides the latest information on the rapidly evolving field of genetics, presenting new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of the topic. The book continually publishes important reviews of the broadest interest to geneticists and their colleagues in affiliated disciplines, with this new release including chapters on Advances in Asthma Genetics: Filling persistent gaps, Nutritional control of postembryonic development progression and arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans, Genetic determinants of climate-resilience traits in millets, Founder variants and population genomes - towards precision medicine, and much more. - Critically analyzes future directions for the study of clinical genetics - Written and edited by recognized leaders in the field - Presents new medical breakthroughs that are occurring as a result of advances in our knowledge of genetics

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the management of brain and skull base tumors. It features detailed insight into the intrinsic molecular biology, anatomical foundation, radiological planning, surgical execution, and the novel therapeutics that guide today's treatment regimens. The first section features concepts related to the epidemiology and pathological basis of disease processes, including relevant cellular and molecular biology. In the second section, integral anatomical foundations and principles are covered including microsurgical anatomy of the cerebrum, white matter tracts, ventricles, brainstem, skull base, advancements in radiological imaging, and cognitive examinations. Surgical approaches and how to execute these procedures are then subsequently discussed in the third part of the work. Principles of Neuro-Oncology: Brain & Skull Base is a practically applicable guide to the latest treatment techniques available to treat these patients. Therefore, it is an indispensable resource for all physicians who utilize these methodologies in their day-to-day practice.

Latin America represents about 10% of the global population distributed in 33 countries. There is huge social and economic heterogeneity even within and beyond the same country, particularly Brazil being the largest country, where Portuguese is the official language rather than Spanish. Furthermore, several ranking systems have considered Brazil a unique country within the 10 world highest economies. In view of the diversity in Latin America with different possibilities and realities, we have found it essential to develop a textbook with focus on the Management of Cancer in Latin America, describing our daily reality, problems to overcome and our huge possibilities. In this volume, we discuss various cancers from nasopharyngeal to renal cancer. We hope that this book will serve as a valuable resource of information for health care professionals, practitioners and policy makers.

Pharmacogenomics: Challenges and Opportunities in Therapeutic Implementation, Second Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of the challenges and opportunities facing the therapeutic implications of pharmacogenomics from academic, regulatory, pharmaceutical, socio-ethical and economic perspectives. While emphasis is on the limitations in moving the science into drug development and direct therapeutic applications, this book also focuses on clinical areas with successful applications and important initiatives that have the ability to further advance the discipline. New chapters cover important topics such as pharmacogenomic data technologies, clinical testing strategies, cost-effectiveness, and pharmacogenomic education and practice guidelines. The importance of ethnicity is also discussed, which highlights phar,acogenomic diversity across Latin American populations.With chapters written by interdisciplinary experts and insights into the future direction of the field, this book is an indispensable resource for academic and industry scientists, graduate students and clinicians engaged in pharmacogenomics research and therapeutic implementation. - Provides viewpoints that focus on the scientific and translational challenges and opportunities associated with advancing the field of pharmacogenomics - Highlights progress in both the research and clinical areas of pharmacogenomics, as well as relevant implementation experience, challenges, and perspectives on direct-to-consumer genetic testing - Includes, where applicable, discussion points, review questions, and cases for self-assessment purposes and to facilitate in-depth discussion

This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives.Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach.Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.

Originally thought to be available only to the world's wealthiest nations, genomic medicine has developed into a broad range of clinical methods and technologies whose concrete applications are also revolutionizing health systems in many of the world's resource-limited nations. Genomic Medicine in Emerging Economies: Genomics for Every Nation provides in-depth analysis and key examples of the implementation of medical genomics in low-income nations across the globe, demonstrating how this advancing medical science has already transformed health systems and led to improved patient care in Indonesian, Chilean, Malaysian, Argentinian, Chinese, Sri Lankan, and Colombian populations among others. In addition to defining tools, diagnostics, and treatment pathways at the population-wide level for medical geneticists, genomic researchers, and public health workers to apply in their own work, this book offers an essential, case-study based approach needed to understand how genomic medicine can be used to improve disease-management in a diverse range of economic and social contexts. - Examines essential concepts and protocols, and economic, social and legal considerations related to the implementation of genomic medicine in resource-limited nations - Features concrete success stories of the implementation of medical genomics in Indonesian, Nepalese, Chilean, Malaysian, Tanzanian, Argentinian, Chinese, Sri Lankan and Columbian populations, amongst others - Provides tools, diagnostics and treatment pathways for medical geneticists, genomic researchers and public health workers to apply in their own work - Establishes clear precedents on how genomic technologies can be accessed by nations with limited means and financial support for healthcare

Sphingolipids in Cancer, Volume 140, the latest release in the Advances in Cancer Research series, provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Topics discussed in this updated volume include Mechanisms of ceramide-dependent cancer cell death, Sphingolipids as regulators of autophagy and endocytic trafficking, The role and function of sphingomyelin biosynthesis in the development of cancer, Neutral sphingomyelinases in cancer: Friend or foe?, Sphingolipid rendezvous at the crossroad of NAFLD and senescence, Ceramide signaling and p53 pathways, Sphingolipid regulation of RNA Biology in cancer phenotypes, The role of ceramide-1-phosphate in tumor cell survival and dissemination, and more. - Provides information on cancer research, with this release focusing on sphingolipids - Offers outstanding and original reviews on a range of cancer research topics - Serves as an indispensable reference for researchers and students alike

Worldwide, adverse drug reactions are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients, as well as increased healthcare costs. Published data show that there are around 2 million adverse drug reactions, including 100,000 deaths, which are established as the fourth leading cause of mortality. This culminates an estimated cost of 136 billion dollars to the global healthcare system. However, these values are underestimated, because in many parts of the world there are no reliable records of pharmacovigilance. This is the case in Latin America, where the records of adverse reactions are still insufficient, and therefore it is not possible to properly establish the extent of its effects on public health. At the same time, treatment failure due to sub-therapeutic levels of drugs is not evaluated in healthcare systems, especially in Latin America, where the'importation'of dosages and results from clinical trials form the fundamental basis of the application and acquisition of pharmaceutical products. This is due mainly to current protocols, which assume that patients are a single entity; therefore, drugs effective and well-tolerated in some patients are equally effective in the rest. Clinical experience shows that drugs that work well in some patients are ineffective or cause adverse reactions in others, and may even prove fatal to intolerant patients. The main objective of this book is to catalog the most relevant information concerning healthcare drug effects in Latin America. This could provide a huge benefit for Latin American patients, where it is estimated that there are plenty of side effects and treatment failure due to the'importation'of dosages and therapies regardless of population variability. It should encourage discussion and concern about the implementation and validation of pharmacogenomic testing and clinical guidelines for specific mixed populations of the region. It will also be valuable to demonstrate this research to health professionals (prescribers, insurers and regulators) in the region and the impact of pharmacogenomics on pharmacotherapy cost-effectiveness.

El Manual de Salud Pública (Tercera Edición), ofrece a los lectores una serie de dieciocho temas selectos con los que pretende abarcar los diferentes aspectos del quehacer de la salud pública, desde las herramientas metodológicas de la epidemiología hasta las estrategias del desarrollo del potencial humano, tocando áreas relevantes para la salud poblacional actual.

Childhood acute leukemias are one of the main causes of death in children aged 1 to 14 years in some countries; and unfortunately, we have been unable to prevent it. Certainly, a good parcel of it is due to the poor understanding about its etiology. This book aims to describe the most important theories and hypothesis regarding childhood acute leukemia. Written by the most outstanding researchers in the field, this book intends to contribute to a greater understanding of the etiology of this disease. It goes beyond the simple and common analysis of risk factors, which hardly allows us to draw definite conclusions. By addressing the etiology of the disease, discussing from molecular biology until epidemiology and clinical manifestations, this book will guide present and future approaches, contributing for a better clinical management of leukemia in children. The knowledge regarding etiology is a crucial step for a better evaluation, prevention and treatment of a disease. Thus, this bookfinally intends to provide such knowledge, allowing physicians and practitioners to a better manage of childhood acute leukemias.

The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications is the first comprehensive publication to signal the protective role of a distinct part of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), providing readers with early insight into a complex system which will become of major medical importance in the near future. Focusing on recent research, The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System presents a host of new experimental studies on specific components of the RAS, namely angiotensin AT2 receptors (AT2R), the angiotensin (1–7) peptide with its receptor Mas, and the enzyme ACE 2, which exert significant beneficial, health-promoting actions by counterbalancing the well-known harmful arm of the RAS with its classical angiotensin AT1 receptor. This innovative concept of the protective arm of the RAS, examined in this reference, represents an indispensable background and will be a strong support for biomedical students, researchers, cardiologists, surgeons, nephrologists, diabetologists, and endocrinologists, as well as any other physician or researcher concerned with RAS physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. - Provides a complete understanding of the protective side of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) involving angiotensin AT2 receptor, ACE2, and Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor - Combines the knowledge of editors who pioneered research on the protective renin angiotensin system including; Dr. Thomas Unger, one of the founders of AT2 receptor research; Dr. Ulrike M. Steckelings, who contributed significantly to first preclinical studies with a novel specific AT2-agonist, and Dr. Robson Santos who pioneered research on angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas. - Shows that the protective RAS axes are able to ameliorate the course of several cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and neurological diseases - Provides the basis for the understanding of a novel therapeutic approach to stimulate components of the protective arm of the RAS.

Molecular pathology is based on the emergence of new techniques that greatly enhance the diagnostic accuracy when facing with challenging differential diagnoses. In addition, new molecular techniques are entering the clinical arena for their value in predicting therapy response and tumor prognosis. This book provides a guide for the practicing pathologist and for both pathology residents and fellows during the daily sign-out of challenging cases. The book is organized by anatomical systems and provides a detailed description of molecular tests that may help in the diagnosis. Furthermore, a description of the current molecular tests required to identify patients for treatment is offered. The application of molecular pathology techniques to the clinical practice has already shown its usefulness and the number of such tests is growing exponentially as more molecular targets are discovered. Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Cancer will give practicing and training pathologists an up-to date resource to guide the correct management of pathology cases requiring molecular testing.