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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Computed Tomography for Technologists: Exam Review, Second Edition, is intended to be used as a companion to Computed Tomography for Technologists: A Comprehensive Text, Second Edition, and as a review of computed tomography on its own. This is an excellent resource for students preparing to take the advanced level certification exam offered by The American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT).

Over the past two decades researchers and clinicians in the neurosciences have witnessed a literal information explosion in the area of brain imaging and neuropsychological functioning. Until recently we could not view the nervous system except through the use of invasive procedures. Today, a variety of imaging techniques are available, but this technology has advanced so rapidly that it has been difficult for new information to be consolidated into a single source. The goal of this volume is to present information on technological advances along with current standards and techniques in the area of brain imaging and neuropsychological functioning. The quality of brain imaging techniques has improved dramatically. In 1975 one had to be content with a brain image that only offered a gross distinction between ventricular cavities, brain, and bone tissue. Current imaging techniques offer considerable precision and approximate gross neuroanatomy to such an extent that differentiation between brain nuclei, pathways, and white­ gray matter is possible. These technological advances have progressed so rapidly that basic and clinical research have lagged behind. It is not uncommon, particularly in longitudinal research, for the technical meth­ odology of a study to become obsolete while that study is still in progress. This has hampered certain aspects of systematic research and has also produced the need for a textbook that could address contemporary issues in brain imaging and neuropsychology.

The primary purpose of this book is to bridge the gap be­ tween the practice of clinical medicine and diagnostic radi­ ology. It is intended primarily for utilization by medical students in training and by nonradiologist physicians. In this world of rapidly expanding knowledge in the many specialties of medicine, it is becoming increasingly difficult for many physicians to stay abreast of the newer and constantly changing modalities of diagnosis as well as the therapeutic regimens of the common as well as the less common disease processes within their realm of practice. This book will enable the busy clinician to utilize the consultative services offered by his or her colleagues in diagnostic radiology with maximum effectiveness. The most common clinical applications of the more recent imag­ ing modalities (i. e., nuclear medicine, ultrasound, comput­ erized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) have been categorized and condensed into a format that will be both comprehensible and useful on a daily basis for those physicians routinely requesting these diagnostic examina­ tions for their patients. For simplicity, the book is divided, whenever feasible, into organ systems and subdivided into the multiple classifications of pathologic states (i. e., con­ genital, trauma or iatrogenic, inflammatory, and neo­ plasm). In addition, there are brief comments related to the vii specific advantages and disadvantages as well as the cost effectiveness of each modality.

CT signs of early cerebral infarction are subtle within the first 6 hours after symptom onset, but important to recognize. The CT reading panel of ECASS wants to share its experience by publishing this series of early CT scans from study patients in order to improve early recognition of ischemic infarction by CT and thus to improve patient care, and to provide material for practice. In this book each CT scan can be read with and without neuroradiological description. Follow-up scans of each case confirm early findings.

In 1977 a Philips Tomoscan 200, second generation, whole body CT scanner was installed at the Department of Radiodiagnosis of the University Hospital of Utrecht (The Netherlands) and its new possibilities concerning the measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) had been considered. As a result of the close cooperation between the Clinical Research Group for Bone Metabolism and the Department of Radiodiagnosis of the University Hospital of Utrecht a new project was started. The aim of a pilot study was to investigate the application of CT scanning in BMC determination in comparison with existing parameters such as histovolumetric measurements in transiliac bone biopsy specimens, morphometric measurements in hand X-ray films and other methods. In 1979 a Philips Tomoscan 300, third generation CT scanner became available. With this new scanner many problems of the Tomoscan 200 seemed to be solved. An examination protocol was designed with a standardized method for CT mea­ surements and a follow-up study was started. On account of the availability and the participation of a number of patients it became possible to realize this study. The results made it possible to draw conclusions concerning CT densitometry, with an impact on the management of the osteoporotic patient. A new dimension is added to the diagnostic procedures concerning osteoporosis and to the methods for measuring the effect of therapeutic regimes. Our aim is to offer the reader insight in the possibilities and limitations of this technique, compared with other parameters in BMC determination.

tic knowledge, a multidisciplinary approach is indis­ Over the past 60 years, radiology has progressively uncovered the human body. At first a fleshless skele­ pensable: clinicians, radiologists, surgeons, radio­ therapists, and pathologists must all contribute their ton for global study, the body then appeared in slices, until with present techniques its smallest respective inputs for every patient referred. More­ over, experience is acquired through knowledge of structures are revealed. The physician at the com­ cases whose diagnosis is certain, and with which new puter console is constantly amazed at the never­ ending series of organ sections and their mUltiple cases can be compared. In this way a data base is created, whether in the physician'S memory or in images arising through manipulation of the signal. Cerebral convolutions, orbital content, bone mar­ that of the computer, which is helpful in making row, the face and all its bones can now be made visi­ diagnoses. ble without any danger to the patient. A lesion can be detected, located and identified; it can be ob­ Dr.

Primary reconstructive surgery is assuming increasing importance in the management of fractures of the spine. Analysis of the injury and thus surgical decision-making are greatly facilitated by the diagnostic power of CT and MRI. This volume provides a systemic introduction to the interpretation of CT and MRI images of injuries to the spinal column and the spinal cord, with special emphasis on the assessment or residual stability. Since survey X-rays remain the indispensable first step in radiodiagnosis, the typical appearances of spinal injuries on conventional films are also shown. This will help the reader interpret the CT and MRI images and also reflects the procedure in radiologic practice. The book`s classification of spinal fractures, together with the attempt to conclude how the injury happened by analyzing the damage caused, paves the way for individually oriented therapy.

I have not embarked on the foreword to this scientific monograph by Armando and Gior­ gio ROSSI in the expectation that it will be an easy task, because these two authors are the last remaining members of a family that has left its mark in the field of radiology in our country: therefore, the writer's enthusiasm and detachment could be jeopardized by mem­ ories of his own teachers and elders and the respect he still feels towards them. The line stretches from Armando Rossi Sr., a pioneer in the field of radiology in Italy, a scientist and a versatile teacher, a student of Beclere and Busi, to Lucio Rossi, an eminent teacher,a learned man and a gentleman. An official biographyofArmando Rossi shows that in his last years, his wide didactic interests were directed towards his own family, leading him to devote his attention to those of his grandchildren who were then getting ready to embrace the medical profession.

This book has been written for radiologists, ophthalmologists, neurologists, neurosur­ geons, plastic surgeons, and others interested in the evaluation of disorders with ophthalmologic signs and symptoms. It is designed to provide recent knowledge in this area derived from ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In the past decade, the advent of ultrasonography, computed tomography, and more recently magnetic resonance imaging has provided diagnostic images of the eye, orbit, and brain in a fashion that had been a dream of many prior to the develop­ ment of these techniques. These newer modes of diagnosis have replaced some previous techniques, such as nuclear medicine imaging and, to some degree, vascular studies and orbitography. There are three sections to this book. The first section is a discussion of the imaging techniques. The second is devoted to the role of these imaging methods in the evaluation of ophthalmic disorders. The last section, dealing with radiotherapy for ophthalmologic tumors, is included because the current imaging techniques are needed for treatment planning. We wish to thank the many people who have assisted us in preparing this manuscript. Among these are many librarians, secretaries, trainees, and photographers. Weare especially indebted to artist Peter Clark for his illustrations and to Mr. Martin Leibo­ vici, Associate Curator of New York University Medical School and Director of Health Sciences Library of Goldwater Memorial Hospital, New York City. Also, we wish to thank our families for their help and patience.