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Animal cells have been used in a wide range of applications, from pharmaceuticals to regenerative medicine and cell therapy, as well as evaluating drugs and compounds. These applications are supported by cell processing technology, which refers to the process technology and quality control technology for aseptically culturing cells such as skin, cartilage, and bone cells in vitro and producing the result of cells or tissues. Cell Processing Technology provides the state of the art of cell-processing engineering, including new issues of efficient and automated culture technology of cells in transplantation and non-invasive cell quality assessment technology. The book will be of value to students and inexperienced engineers who are involved in drug discovery and cell medicine.

This volume, edited by Tobie Openshaw and Dean Karalekas, will guide you on a multidisciplinary journey through Indigenous peoples'centuries-old lore of “little people” in Taiwan and the Pacific. Learn about the Taiwan SaiSiyat people's paSta'ay ritual, still held to this day to commemorate the koko ta'ay. Follow the distribution of the legends, interspersed with original stories by modern Indigenous authors. Explore the archaeological find of small-statured negrito remains in Taiwan, and delve into the most current research on the topic by linguists, anthropologists, folklorists, and other specialists to unravel the mystery of what—or who—inspired these ancient legends.

Advances in Nanostructures: Processing and Methodology to Grow Nanostructures provides readers with the most appropriate nanostructuring methods used for obtaining nanoparticles with specific requirements suitable for different applications, taking into consideration characteristics such as dimension and shape. The different methods used to synthesize nanomaterials are thoroughly discussed, along nanomaterials'properties and characterization techniques reviewed. Chapters on advanced nanostructures'applications provide in-depth knowledge on applications of these nanostructures in interdisciplinary fields, such as energy, environment, and healthcare areas. - Discusses various physical and chemical methods of preparing nanomaterials - Presents some of the most important techniques for the characterization of nanostructures and nanoparticles - Features applications of nanostructures in the fields of energy, environment, and healthcare

The research field of “plant speed breeding'is promising to meet the future demand for crop improvement in an efficient and effective manner. The process accelerates breeding and research programs through the shortening of the generation time of crops. Plant Speed Breeding and High-Throughput Technologies explores and analyzes a range of innovations from CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing to state-of-the-art controlled-environment growth chambers.The book integrates achievements of plant speed breeding technologies with an emphasis on the fundamental and advanced systems for genome editing, functional genomics, controlled-environment growth chambers, genomic and phenotypic selection methods, and high-throughput technologies. It examines the applications of technologies across major model plants and key crops such as cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees. The book explores high-throughput genotyping using next-generation sequencing systems, enabling precise single nucleotide polymorphism markers, quantitative trait loci mapping, and genome-wide association studies. These tools are used in identifying candidate genes that will revolutionize crop breeding, as they are capable of tolerating complex abiotic and biotic stresses induced by global climate change.Serving as an ideal reference on plant speed breeding technologies, this book is for graduate students, teachers, researchers, and experts in the fields of plant sciences and plant breeding as well as agronomy and agriculture.

Nesta obra são abordados diversos aspectos inerentes às doenças cardiovasculares e metabólicas, desde a sua fisiopatologia, tratamento, modelos experimentais e técnicas para o seu estudo na pesquisa básica.

Encyclopedia of Food Allergy, organized in 10 sections, with ~200 chapters, and written by world-renowned clinician-scientist authors, is the most comprehensive resource for food allergy ever compiled. With online and physical presence, intuitive and easily accessible organization of information, the reader can quickly access overview and general topics as well as detailed information to inform solutions to clinical or research questions. Research topics provide the necessary background for the novice as well as the details required for those in the field. Clinical topics provide comprehensive and practical information, with generous use of tables, figures, and key points/clinical pearls, to inform clinical decision-making, and promote evidence-based management decisions. Food allergy may affect up to 10% of the population in developed countries and appears to be increasing in prevalence worldwide, with many food allergies proving life-long, severe and potentially fatal. The last decade has witnessed a sea change response to the impact of food allergy through basic science research on the immunology, food science research on the triggers, clinical approaches to daily management, treatment and prevention, and an increasing understanding of the psychosocial and societal implications and how to address them. With the expanding breadth and depth of the field, there is no existing comprehensive resource available for those professionals interested in learning about or contributing to food allergy research and clinical care. This is a complete resource covering broad and detailed aspects of food allergy and adverse food reactions for clinicians, researchers, regulators, food industry, students and other stakeholders who need and will benefit from a rich resource with in-depth and practical information. - Presents in-depth, comprehensive coverage from an outstanding international author base of domain experts - Ideal for new researchers and clinicians who will have a single resource that includes general topics to get them started - Includes access to detailed information in their areas of work AND for many related topics that will help improve their research or clinical care

This Handbook provides readers with the current cutting edge of multiphase flow technology. It reviews the rapid development of multiphase flow technology, demonstrates the latest development of the technology and showcase the very latest applications. It provides readers with comprehensive updated reference information covering theory, modelling and numerical methods, design and measurement, and new applications in multiphase flow systems.The Handbook consists of three parts or volumes:1. Theory: describes the fundamentals including the concepts and definitions of multiphase flows. Classifications of multiphase flows. Basic understanding of different length scales involved – micro/nano, meso and macro. Treatment of such flows by different solution frameworks.2. Modelling and Measurement: covers both classical and state-of the-art measurement and modelling approaches to resolve different classifications of multiphase flows. 3. Applications: highlights the very latest applications of measurement and modelling approaches in tackling different classification of multiphase flows in a variety of natural, biological and industrial systems and different length scales.

This book describes the development of sources of negative ions and their application in science and industry. It describes the physical foundations and implementation of the key methods of negative ion production and control, such as charge exchange, thermionic emission, plasma volume, secondary emission (sputtering) and surface-plasma sources, as well as the history of their development. Following on from this essential foundational material, the book goes on to explore transport of negative ion beams, and beam-plasma instabilities. Now in its second edition, the book has been substantially expanded and updated to address the many developments since it was first published, most importantly the development and investigation of cesiated surfaces with work function ~1.2-1.3 eV in conditions close to discharges in surface plasma sources. The book also includes a new chapter on development of conversion targets for high-energy neutral beam injectors, covering gas targets, plasma targets and photon targets for efficient conversion of high energy negative ion beams to neutral beams.With exposition accessible at the graduate level, and a comprehensive bibliography, this book will appeal to all students and researchers whose work concerns ion sources and their applications to accelerators, beam physics, storage rings, cyclotrons, and plasma traps.

Essential Otology and Neurotology is the newest addition to the Essential Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery series which has been the benchmark guide to otolaryngology since 1973. It provides a concise and effective review of most relevant topics within the evolving field of neurotology. The textbook is structured to maximize data content and allow for quick clinical recall. Each chapter also includes a high yield review in the form of multiple-choice questions to retain critical information. This book serves as a handy study guide for all interested in learning more about the complex anatomy and physiology of the human ear. The editors carefully selected experts in each field to present the most up-to-date practice guidelines for each topic.

This book gives a comprehensive overview of hydrogen negative ion sources and their applications to particle acceleration and nuclear fusion. The book begins with fundamental aspects of negative ion production by volume and surface processes in hydrogen and its isotopes. It covers key topics, such as the need for separation of negative ion production and extraction regions, the need for lowering the work function of the plasma electrode by using caesium vapor or special materials for caesium-free sources, and the ion extractor structure required for hydrogen negative ion sources. Chapters covering various specific ion sources and applications are written by scientists who participated in their development and include sources for accelerators and for neutral beam injection into controlled nuclear fusion reactors.

This book offers an overall review, applying systems engineering and architecture approaches, of the design, optimization, operation and results of leading fusion experiments. These approaches provide a unified means of evaluating reactor design. Methodologies are developed for more coherent construction or evaluation of fusion devices, associated experiments and operating procedures. The main focus is on tokamaks, with almost all machines and their important results being integrated into a systems design space. Case studies focus on DIII-D, TCV, JET, WEST, the fusion reactor prototype ITER and the EU DEMO concept. Stellarator, Mirror and Laser inertial confinement experiments are similarly analysed, including reactor implications of breakeven at NIF.The book examines the engineering and physics design and optimization process for each machine, analysing their performance and major results achieved, thus establishing a basis for the improvement of future machines. The reader will gain a broad historical and up-to-date perspective of the status of nuclear fusion research from both an engineering and physics point of view. Explanations are given of the computational tools needed to design and operate successful experiments and reactor-relevant machines. This book is aimed at both graduate students and practitioners of nuclear fusion science and engineering, as well as those specializing in other fields demanding large and integrated experimental equipment. Systems engineers will obtain valuable insights into fusion applications. References are given to associated complex mathematical derivations, which are beyond the scope of this book. The general reader interested in nuclear fusion will find here an accessible summary of the current state of nuclear fusion.

Low Energy Particle Accelerator-Based Technologies and Their Applications describes types of low energy accelerators, presents some of the main manufacturers, illustrates some of the accelerator laboratories around the globe and shows examples of successful transfers of accelerators to needed laboratories. Key Features: Presents new trends and the state of the art in a field that's growing Provides an overview of numerous applications of such accelerators in medicine, industry, earth sciences, nuclear non-proliferation and oil Fills a gap, with the author drawing on his own experiences with transporting such relatively large machines from one lab to the other that require a tremendous amount of planning, technical and engineering efforts This is an essential reference for advanced students as well as for physicists, engineers and practitioners in accelerator science.About the Author Dr. Vladivoj (Vlado) Valković, a retired professor of physics, is a fellow of the American Physical Society and Institute of Physics (London). He has authored 22 books (from Trace Elements, Taylor & Francis, 1975, to Radioactivity in the Environment, Elsevier, 1st Edition 2001, 2nd Edition 2019), and more than 400 scientific and technical papers in the research areas of nuclear physics, applications of nuclear techniques to trace element analysis in biology, medicine and environmental research. He has lifelong experience in the study of nuclear reactions induced by 14 MeV neutrons. This research has been done through coordination and works on many national and international projects, including US-Croatia bilateral, NATO, IAEA, EU-FP5, FP6 and FP7 projects.Cover photo credit: 3SDH 1 MV Pelletron system with RF source and analysis endstation designed with the intended purpose of aiding in fusion research. It is capable of Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques such as RBS, ERD, PIXE and NRA. Further detectors could be added to the endstation to allow for other techniques. Installed in Japan in 2014. Courtesy of National Electrostatics Corp.

This book discusses in detail the phenomena of Pre-equilibrium emission in statistical nuclear reactions. It serves as an experimental manual for beginners in the field of accelerator-based research, and as a source of complete information on the topic. This book compiles most of the experimental data on pre-equilibrium emission available at low and moderate energies, putting it into an accessible format for the first time. It is intended to help early-career nuclear physicists and doctoral students to understand the phenomenon of pre-equilibrium emission in nuclear reactions. It is ideal for postgraduate students studying accelerator-based experimental physics and dedicated researchers working in the field of nuclear reaction studies.

Robotic Cell Manipulation introduces up-to-date research to realize this new theme of medical robotics. The book is organized in three levels: operation tools (e.g., optical tweezers, microneedles, dielectrophoresis, electromagnetic devices, and microfluidic chips), manipulation types (e.g., microinjection, transportation, rotation fusion, adhesion, separation, etc.), and potential medical applications (e.g., micro-surgery, biopsy, gene editing, cancer treatment, cell-cell interactions, etc.). The technology involves different fields such as robotics, automation, imaging, microfluidics, mechanics, materials, biology and medical sciences. The book provides systematic knowledge on the subject, covering a wide range of basic concepts, theories, methodology, experiments, case studies and potential medical applications. It will enable readers to promptly conduct a systematic review of research and become an essential reference for many new and experienced researchers entering this unique field. - Introduces the applications of robot-assisted manipulation tools in various cell manipulation tasks - Defines many essential concepts in association with the robotic cell manipulation field, including manipulation strategy and manipulation types - Introduces basic concepts and knowledge on various manipulation devices and tasks - Describes some cutting-edge cell manipulation technologies and case studies

iPSC Derived Progenitors, Volume Thirteen in the Advances in Stem Cell Biology series is a timely collection of information and new discoveries in the field of stem cell biology. The book addresses the importance of induced pluripotent stems cells and how can they be differentiated into different progenitors. Progenitors cells are often the first-step to making more differentiating cell types. This volume addresses iPSCs derived from bone, dental pulp, craniofacial, neural stem cells, otic, cardiac, and much more. The volume is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell therapy, cell biology, regenerative medicine, organ transplantation, and is contributed by world-renowned authors. - Provides an overview of the fast-moving field of stem cell biology and function, regenerative medicine and therapeutics - Covers how iPSCs can be differentiated into different progenitors - Contributed by world renowned experts in the field

Index generation functions are binary-input integer valued functions. They represent functions of content addressable memories (CAMs). Applications include: IP address tables; terminal controllers; URL lists; computer virus scanning circuits; memory patch circuits; list of English words; code converters; and pattern matching circuits. This book shows memory-based realization of index generation functions. It shows: 1. methods to implement index generation functions by look-up table (LUT) cascades and index generation units (IGU), 2. methods to reduce the number of variables using linear transformations, and 3. methods to estimate the sizes of memories, with many illustrations, tables, examples, exercises, and their solutions.

Advances in Quantum Chemistry, Volume 86 highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting topics covering Can orbital basis sets compete with explicitly correlated ones for few-electron systems?, Converging high-level equation-of-motion coupled-cluster energetics with the help of Monte Carlo and selected configuration interaction, Coupled cluster downfolding techniques: a review of existing applications in classical and quantum computing for chemical systems, Multi-reference methods for the description of dynamic and nondynamic electron correlation effects in atoms and molecules, Exploring the attosecond laser-driven electron dynamics in the hydrogen molecule with different TD-CI approaches, and much more. Additional sections cover Molecular systems in spatial confinement: variation of linear and nonlinear electrical response of molecules in the bond dissociation processes, Relativistic Infinite-order two-component methods for heavy elements, Second quantized approach to exchange energy revised – beyond the S^2 approximation, Calculating atomic states without the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, Convergence of the Correlated Optimized Effective Potential Method, and more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in Advances in Quantum Chemistry serials - Updated release includes the latest information on this timely topic

The greatly expanded and updated 3rd edition of this textbook offers the reader a comprehensive introduction to the concepts of logic functions and equations and their applications across computer science and engineering. The authors'approach emphasizes a thorough understanding of the fundamental principles as well as numerical and computer-based solution methods. The book provides insight into applications across propositional logic, binary arithmetic, coding, cryptography, complexity, logic design, and artificial intelligence.Updated throughout, some major additions for the 3rd edition include:a new chapter about the concepts contributing to the power of XBOOLE;a new chapter that introduces into the application of the XBOOLE-Monitor XBM 2;many tasks that support the readers in amplifying the learned content at the end of the chapters;solutions of a large subset of these tasks to confirm learning success;challenging tasks that need the power of the XBOOLE software for their solution.The XBOOLE-monitor XBM 2 software is used to solve the exercises; in this way the time-consuming and error-prone manipulation on the bit level is moved to an ordinary PC, more realistic tasks can be solved, and the challenges of thinking about algorithms leads to a higher level of education.

Droplets of Life: Membrane-Less Organelles, Biomolecular Condensates, and Biological Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation provides foundational information on the biophysics, biogenesis, structure, functions, and roles of membrane-less organelles. The study of liquid–liquid phase separation has attracted a lot of attention from disciplines such as cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and others trying to understand how, why, and what roles these condensates play in homeostasis and disease states in living organisms. This book's editor recruited a group of international experts to provide a current and authoritative overview of all aspects associated with this exciting area. Sections introduce membrane-less organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates; MLOs in different sizes, shapes, and composition; and the formation of MLOs due to phase separation and how it can tune reactions, organize the intracellular environment, and provide a role in cellular fitness.. - Presents the first book to establish the foundations of this exciting research area - Combines biophysics, structural and cell biology, and biochemistry perspectives into a single volume - Edited and authored by world-leading scientists - Covers basic physical and biological principles and health and disease implications

Current Progress in iPSC Disease Modeling, Volume Fourteen in the Advances in Stem Cell Biology series, is a timely and expansive collection of information and new discoveries in the field. This new volume addresses advances in research on how induced pluripotent stem cells are used for the creation of new tissues and organs. The creation of iPSC technology allowed the development of disease-specific human pluripotent stem cells. These cells allow researchers to study questions once impossible for some human diseases. This volume addresses iPSCs for vascular tissue engineering, bioprinting, derived lung organoids for pulmonary disorders, skeletal muscle engineering, human kidney organoids, and more. It is written for researchers and scientists in stem cell therapy, cell biology, regenerative medicine and organ transplantation, and is contributed by world-renowned authors in the field. - Provides an overview of the fast-moving field of stem cell biology and function, regenerative medicine and therapeutics - Covers advances in research on how induced pluripotent stem cells are used to create new tissues/organs - Contributed by world-renowned experts in the field

This book shows the importance of rice for human consumption. It focuses on the rice panicle, its morphology and characteristics. High genetic diversity of rice has been economically profitable for mankind; the crop provides food calories to half of the human race on earth and because of its adaptability to diversified and unstable ecological conditions, the plant has an asynchronous flowering system in the panicle. The International Rice Research Institute has a collection of panicles with numerous branching phenotypes and lengths varying from 10 to 43 cm. Due to the heterogeneous architecture, grain filling depends on the position of the spikelet within a panicle. Spikelets on apical branches fertilize early and fill faster compared to their basal counterparts and therefore, individual grain weights of panicle vary widely. The discrepancy in grain filling between spikelets changes with panicle architecture but the relationship of variation in individual grain weight with panicle architecture has not been studied. Spikelet number has increased highly in the newly developed rice cultivars, but it has no benefit accrued on grain filling and yield. This book is recommended for students, researchers and teachers working in this field of expertise.

This handbook covers the fundamental principles of interactions of particles with matter and of most types of detectors used in many fields of physics, starting from particle physics, nuclear physics up to recent experiments for solid state physics. In this second edition chapters are updated to include the most recent developments in detector physics and additional chapters on new types of detectors, like silicon photomultipliers, have been added. In addition the section about medical applications has been extended. All major detector types are described in detail by leading experts in these fields. It also gives deep insight into many applications from homeland security over radiation protection to a whole section about medical physics with strong emphasis on nuclear medicine. The book is suited to achieve a deep knowledge in the field of detector physics and imaging. It can also be used as a reference book to look up the working principles of a given detector type and to get an overview of state-of-the-art applications of the various detector types. It is also helpful for practitioners in nuclear medicine and radiology as it summarizes all detector types in this field and the basic working principles of these detectors. The area of radiation therapy is also covered in detail taking into account the most recent developments.

Volume 7 of the Jenny Stanford Series on Biocatalysis deals with several different aspects of pharmaceuticals, which include not only various applications of drugs and their metabolism but also natural resources for active pharmaceutical ingredients as well as the removal of pharmaceutical pollution. In detail, novel approaches for developing microbial fermentation processes to produce vitamin B6 using microorganisms are described together with novel routes for vitamin B6 biosynthesis. The other topics discussed are new approaches for producing the successful anticancer drug Taxol from naturally occurring precursors, molecular farming through plant engineering as a cost-effective means to produce therapeutic and prophylactic proteins, and successful screening of potent microorganisms producing L-asparaginase for various chemotherapeutic applications. Furthermore, microbial biotransformations in the production and degradation of fluorinated pharmaceuticals are described. The other chapters inform the reader about the biotransformation of xenobiotics/drugs in living systems, the degradation of pharmaceuticals by white-rot fungi and their ligninolytic enzymes, and the removal of pharmaceutical pollution from municipal sewage using laccase.

This book covers a diverse cross section of this interdisciplinary research field, with contributions grouped into four categories: laser-induced filamentation; atoms and molecules in a laser field; interaction of solid materials with a coherent light field; and ion acceleration and ionization of atoms in super intense laser fields.This book series presents up-to-date reviews of advances in this interdisciplinary research field, spanning atomic and molecular physics, as well as molecular and optical science, which have been stimulated by the recent developments in ultrafast laser technologies. Each book compiles peer-reviewed articles by researchers at the forefront of their particular subfields. All the chapters include an overview to allow graduate students and researchers unfamiliar with the subfield to grasp the importance and attractions of the topic covered, followed by reports of cutting-edge discoveries.

This textbook uses a case-study approach to present the core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology in the context of human disease to students who will be involved in patient care. The 29 clinical cases have been carefully selected to cover key scientific concepts and some common, and other not so common, diseases. While the principal focus is on topics relating to metabolic disease, further subjects such as connective tissue disorders, neurological disorders, auto-inflammatory disorders, infective diseases, and cancer are also addressed. Each chapter provides a specific patient report that includes the natural history, pertinent clinical laboratory data, physical findings, subsequent diagnosis, and therapy. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion of the normal biochemical processes and reactions pertaining to the case, along with the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Graphical diagrams are provided in each chapter for ease of comprehension.

Index generation functions are binary-input integer valued functions. They represent functions of content addressable memories (CAMs). Applications include: IP address tables; terminal controllers; URL lists; computer virus scanning circuits; memory patch circuits; list of English words; code converters; and pattern matching circuits. This book shows memory-based realization of index generation functions. It shows: 1. methods to implement index generation functions by look-up table (LUT) cascades and index generation units (IGU), 2. methods to reduce the number of variables using linear transformations, and 3. methods to estimate the sizes of memories, with many illustrations, tables, examples, exercises, and their solutions.

This book focuses on the value of supervised Disulfiram therapy, highlighting the many potential and unique benefits of Disulfiram. One of the oldest drugs available for the long-term management of alcohol dependence, Disulfiram remains a viable treatment option for alcohol dependence and has been shown in recent studies to be more successful in treating patients with alcohol dependence than Naltrexone, Topiramate and Acamprosate. It is also useful in dual diagnosis patients and those with co-morbid cocaine and alcohol dependence. Although Disulfiram's mechanism of action in alcohol dependence was long thought to be its effects as a psychological deterrent, more recent studies point to potential anti-craving effects as well. In dedicated chapters, the book reviews major clinical trials of Disulfiram spanning nearly 60 years, its historical aspects and discovery, side effects, treatment protocols and uses in the context of alcohol dependence. The book also discusses the use ofDisulfiram across diverse populations along with monitoring for compliance and various adverse effects that may manifest. Further topics include Disulfiram implant therapy and the role of Disulfiram in the modern long-term pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence, as well as the role of cognitive behavior therapy in enhancing the effects of Disulfiram and the emerging role of Disulfiram in treating cocaine dependence and pathological gambling. As such, the book offers a “one-stop” comprehensive guide to all aspects of Disulfiram therapy.

This work introduces heavy ion beam probe diagnostics and presents an overview of its applications. The heavy ion beam probe is a unique tool for the measurement of potential in the plasma core in order to understand the role of the electric field in plasma confinement, including the mechanism of transition from low to high confinement regimes (L–H transition). This allows measurement of the steady-state profile of the plasma potential, and its use has been extended to include the measurement of quasi-monochromatic and broadband oscillating components, the turbulent-particle flux and oscillations of the electron density and poloidal magnetic field.Special emphasis is placed on the study of Geodesic Acoustic Modes and Alfvén Eigenmodes excited by energetic particles with experimental data sets. These experimental studies help to understand the link between broadband turbulent physics and quasi-coherent oscillations in devices with a rather different magnetic configuration.Thebook also compares spontaneous and biased transitions from low to high confinement regimes on both classes of closed magnetic traps (tokamak and stellarator) and highlights the common features in the behavior of electric potential and turbulence of magnetized plasmas.A valuable resource for physicists, postgraduates and students specializing in plasma physics and controlled fusion.

Therapeutic enzymes exhibit fascinating features and opportunities, and represent a significant and promising subcategory of modern biopharmaceuticals for the treatment of several severe diseases. Research and drug developments efforts and the advancements in biotechnology over the past twenty years have greatly assisted the introduction of efficient and safe enzyme-based therapies for a range of both rare and common disorders. The introduction and regulatory approval of twenty different recombinant enzymes has enabled effective enzyme-replacement therapy. This volume aims to overview these therapeutic enzymes, focusing in particular on more recently approved enzymes produced by recombinant DNA technology. This volume is composed of four sections. Section 1 provides an overview of the production process and biochemical characterization of therapeutic enzymes, while Section 2 focuses upon the engineering strategies and delivery methods of therapeutic enzymes. Section 3 highlights the clinical applications of approved therapeutic enzymes, including aspects on their structure, indications and mechanisms of action. Together with information on these mechanisms, safety and immunogenicity issues and various adverse events of the recombinant enzymes used for therapy are discussed. Section 4, provides discussion on the prospective and future developments of new therapeutic enzymes. This book is aimed at academics, researchers and students undertaking advanced undergraduate/postgraduate programs in the biopharmaceutical/biotechnology area who wish to gain a comprehensive understanding of enzyme-based therapeutic molecules.

Chemistry/Forensic ScienceForensic chemistry is a subdiscipline of forensic science, its principles guide the analyses performed in modern forensic laboratories. Forensic chemistry's roots lie in medico-legal investigation, toxicology and microscopy and have since led the development of modern forensic analytic techniques and practices for use in a variety of applications. Introduction to Forensic Chemistry is the perfect balance of testing methods and application. Unlike other competing books on the market, coverage is neither too simplistic, nor overly advanced making the book ideal for use in both undergraduate and graduate courses. The book introduces chemical tests, spectroscopy, advanced spectroscopy, and chromatography to students. The second half of the book addresses applications and methods to analyze and interpret controlled substances, trace evidence, questioned documents, firearms, explosives, environmental contaminants, toxins, and other topics. The book looks at innovations in the field over time including the latest development of new discernible chemical reactions, instrumental tools, methods, and more. Key features: Nearly 300 full-color figures illustrating key concepts and over 20 case studies Addresses all the essential topics without extraneous or overly advanced coverage Includes full pedagogy of chapter objectives, key terms, lab problems, end of chapter questions, and additional readings to emphasize key learning points Includes chemical structures and useful spectra as examples Fulfils the forensic chemistry course requirement in FEPAC-accredited programs Includes a chapter on Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive (CBRNE) materials Comprehensive and accessible, without being overly technical, Introduction to Forensic Chemistry will be a welcome addition to the field and an ideal text designed for both the student user and professor in mind. Course ancillaries including an Instructor's Manual with Test Bank and chapter PowerPoint® lecture slides are available with qualified course adoption.

「花はどのようなメカニズムで咲くのか」という昔からの疑問に対して、最新の知見を豊富な写真とカラー図版で紹介した本格的な入門書。シロイヌナズナやイネ、トウモロコシなどを例に挙げ、花の発生を制御する遺伝子のはたらきを、メリステム(分裂組織)の機能と密接に関連させながら丁寧に解説する。説明にあたっては、その理解がどのような研究によってもたらされてきたのか、研究内容や歴史にまで踏み込むように心がけた。

This book provides a single-source reference to the state-of-the-art in logic synthesis. Readers will benefit from the authors'expert perspectives on new technologies and logic synthesis, new data structures, big data and logic synthesis, and convergent logic synthesis. The authors describe techniques that will enable readers to take advantage of recent advances in big data techniques and frameworks in order to have better logic synthesis algorithms.

This comprehensive textbook on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) covers its history, fundamental knowledge, architectures, device technologies, computer-aided design technologies, design tools, examples of application, and future trends. Programmable logic devices represented by FPGAs have been rapidly developed in recent years and have become key electronic devices used in most IT products. This book provides both complete introductions suitable for students and beginners, and high-level techniques useful for engineers and researchers in this field. Differently developed from usual integrated circuits, the FPGA has unique structures, design methodologies, and application techniques. Allowing programming by users, the device can dramatically reduce the rising cost of development in advanced semiconductor chips. The FPGA is now driving the most advanced semiconductor processes and is an all-in-one platform combining memory, CPUs, and various peripheral interfaces. This book introduces the FPGA from various aspects for readers of different levels. Novice learners can acquire a fundamental knowledge of the FPGA, including its history, from Chapter 1; the first half of Chapter 2; and Chapter 4. Professionals who are already familiar with the device will gain a deeper understanding of the structures and design methodologies from Chapters 3 and 5. Chapters 6–8 also provide advanced techniques and cutting-edge applications and trends useful for professionals. Although the first parts are mainly suitable for students, the advanced sections of the book will be valuable for professionals in acquiring an in-depth understanding of the FPGA to maximize the performance of the device.

This book presents field studies on crop production in developing countries such as Vietnam, Kenya, Namibia, Colombia, Afghanistan and Sudan. Further, it examines the achievements of SATREPS, a development assistance program sponsored by the Japanese government that promotes international joint research to address these global issues. In this context, multidisciplinary research teams consisting of breeders, physiologists, soil scientists, agronomists, and other scientists related to agricultural development worked together to tackle the challenges involved in enhancing the capacity of crop production in the respective regions. In addition to presenting novel scientific findings, this book highlights practical field studies that verify the effectiveness of the scientific findings in actual environments. The achievements will help to improve crop production worldwide, and the lessons learnt will be useful in re-designing strategies to address global issues in crop production,particularly in developing regions. Lastly, the outcomes discussed will be useful to policymakers and professionals engaged in crop production and food security in developing countries, as well as researchers and students.

The pursuit of nuclear fusion as an energy source requires a broad knowledge of several disciplines. These include plasma physics, atomic physics, electromagnetics, materials science, computational modeling, superconducting magnet technology, accelerators, lasers, and health physics. Nuclear Fusion distills and combines these disparate subjects to create a concise and coherent foundation to both fusion science and technology. It examines all aspects of physics and technology underlying the major magnetic and inertial confinement approaches to developing nuclear fusion energy. It further chronicles latest developments in the field, and reflects the multi-faceted nature of fusion research, preparing advanced undergraduate and graduate students in physics and engineering to launch into successful and diverse fusion-related research.Nuclear Fusion reflects Dr. Morse's research in both magnetic and inertial confinement fusion, working with the world's top laboratories, and embodies his extensive thirty-five year career in teaching three courses in fusion plasma physics and fusion technology at University of California, Berkeley.

Modern optimization approaches have attracted an increasing number of scientists, decision makers, and researchers. As new issues in this field emerge, different optimization methodologies must be developed and implemented. Exploring Critical Approaches of Evolutionary Computation is a vital scholarly publication that explores the latest developments, methods, approaches, and applications of evolutionary models in a variety of fields. It also emphasizes evolutionary models of computation such as genetic algorithms, evolutionary strategies, classifier systems, evolutionary programming, genetic programming, and related fields such as swarm intelligence and other evolutionary computation techniques. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as neural networks, data mining, and data analytics, this book is designed for IT developers, IT theorists, computer engineers, researchers, practitioners, and upper-level students seeking current research on enhanced information exchange methods and practical aspects of computational systems.

For a few seconds with large machines, scientists and engineers have now created the fusion power of the stars in the laboratory and at the same time find the rich range of complex turbulent electromagnetic waves that transport the plasma confinement systems. The turbulent transport mechanisms created in the laboratory are explained in detail in the second edition of'Turbulent Transport in Magnetized Plasmas'by Professor Horton.The principles and properties of the major plasma confinement machines are explored with basic physics to the extent currently understood. For the observational laws that are not understood — the empirical confinement laws — offering challenges to the next generation of plasma students and researchers — are explained in detail. An example, is the confinement regime — called the'I-mode'— currently a hot topic — is explored.Numerous important problems and puzzles for the next generation of plasma scientists are explained. There is growing demand for new simulation codes utilizing the massively parallel computers with MPI and GPU methods. When the 20 billion dollar ITER machine is tested in the 2020ies, new theories and faster/smarter computer simulations running in near real-time control systems will be used to control the burning hydrogen plasmas.

Tissue Engineering and Regeneration in Dentistry: Current Strategies presents a thorough update on the current advances, methods and understanding in tissue engineering in dentistry. It offers invaluable tools, case studies, and methodologies for undertaking research, including important biological and practical considerations to facilitate successful migration of research from the bench to the clinic. Offers detailed coverage of the basic underlying principles and scientific evidence, and includes protocols to highlight practical applications Written by an internationally renowned team of expert contributors A must-have read for researchers and specialist clinicians in tissue engineering, oral biology, dental materials science, periodontology and oral surgery

This authoritative reference presents the modern concepts of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials as they pertain to the dental field. The book is organized around three main topics: MSCs biology, advanced biomaterials, and clinical applications. The chapters present basic information on stem cell biology and physiology, modern biomaterials that improve bone tissue regeneration, the biomatrices likeplatelet-rich fibrin (PRF) used to functionalize the biomaterials surface, the strategic and safe intraoral seats of harvesting, the new sources for MSCs, as well as the future perspectives and new challenges in these exciting fields. The contributors are top scientists with a great deal of experience in regenerative dentistry and biomedical research. They offer an international perspective and are richly cross-disciplinary, representing academia, research, and industry. MSCs and Innovative Biomaterials in Dentistry is indispensable reading for students, researchers, and clinicians who need to stay up-to-date on the cutting-edge developments of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applied to dental sciences.

Technical plasmas have a wide range of industrial applications. The Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology covers all aspects of plasma technology from the fundamentals to a range of applications across a large number of industries and disciplines. Topics covered include nanotechnology, solar cell technology, biomedical and clinical applications, electronic materials, sustainability, and clean technologies. The book bridges materials science, industrial chemistry, physics, and engineering, making it a must have for researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working on application-oriented plasma technologies.Also Available OnlineThis Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages.US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.comInternational: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk

This book provides a systematic and comprehensive introduction to fusion neutronics, covering all key topics from the fundamental theories and methodologies, as well as a wide range of fusion system designs and experiments. It is the first-ever book focusing on the subject of fusion neutronics research.Compared with other nuclear devices such as fission reactors and accelerators, fusion systems are normally characterized by their complex geometry and nuclear physics, which entail new challenges for neutronics such as complicated modeling, deep penetration, low simulation efficiency, multi-physics coupling, etc. The book focuses on the neutronic characteristics of fusion systems and introduces a series of theories and methodologies that were developed to address the challenges of fusion neutronics. Further, it introduces readers to the unique principles and procedures of neutronics design, experimental methodologies and methodologies for fusion systems. The booknot only highlights the latest advances and trends in the field, but also draws on the experiences and skills collected in the author's more than 40 years of research. To make it more accessible and enhance its practical value, various representative examples are included to illustrate the application and efficiency of the methods, designs and experimental techniques discussed.

While books on the medical applications of x-ray imaging exist, there is not one currently available that focuses on industrial applications. Full of color images that show clear spectrometry and rich with applications, X-Ray Imaging fills the need for a comprehensive work on modern industrial x-ray imaging. It reviews the fundamental science of x-ray imaging and addresses equipment and system configuration. Useful to a broad range of radiation imaging practitioners, the book looks at the rapid development and deployment of digital x-ray imaging system.

金融などのビッグデータ処理やロボットの制御などで注目されるFPGAの原理と応用例がわかる！ 本書は、IoTやビッグデータ、機械学習といった大規模データ処理のニーズ増に伴って、その省電力性と高速な処理速度から注目を集めているFPGAの基盤技術を解説するものです。 近年、半導体技術の進歩に伴って、やや中途半端であったFPGAの性能が著しく向上した一方で、CPUの処理能力の頭打ちが見えてきました。そのため、CPUやGPUといった汎用デバイスよりも電力効率がよく、且つ高速にデータを処理することができるようになったFPGAが、さまざまな応用分野で再注目されています。 読者は本書を読み込むことで、FPGAのなんたるかを一通り学ぶことができ、要求されるパフォーマンスへの最適な回路設計を図ることができるようになります。また、いくつかの応用事例も取り上げているので、商品企画や研究テーマの検討にも役立つ内容になっています。

The second of two volumes in the Electronic Design Automation for Integrated Circuits Handbook, Second Edition, Electronic Design Automation for IC Implementation, Circuit Design, and Process Technology thoroughly examines real-time logic (RTL) to GDSII (a file format used to transfer data of semiconductor physical layout) design flow, analog/mixed signal design, physical verification, and technology computer-aided design (TCAD). Chapters contributed by leading experts authoritatively discuss design for manufacturability (DFM) at the nanoscale, power supply network design and analysis, design modeling, and much more.New to This Edition: Major updates appearing in the initial phases of the design flow, where the level of abstraction keeps rising to support more functionality with lower non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs Significant revisions reflected in the final phases of the design flow, where the complexity due to smaller and smaller geometries is compounded by the slow progress of shorter wavelength lithography New coverage of cutting-edge applications and approaches realized in the decade since publication of the previous edition—these are illustrated by new chapters on 3D circuit integration and clock design Offering improved depth and modernity, Electronic Design Automation for IC Implementation, Circuit Design, and Process Technology provides a valuable, state-of-the-art reference for electronic design automation (EDA) students, researchers, and professionals.

The present book includes a set of selected extended papers from the 12th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO 2015), held in Colmar, France, from 21 to 23 July 2015. The conference brought together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested in the application of informatics to Control, Automation and Robotics. Four simultaneous tracks will be held, covering Intelligent Control Systems, Optimization, Robotics, Automation, Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modelling and Control, and Industrial Engineering, Production and Management. Informatics applications are pervasive in many areas of Control, Automation and Robotics. ICINCO 2015 received 214 submissions, from 42 countries, in all continents. After a double blind paper review performed by the Program Committee, 14% were accepted as fullpapers and thus selected for oral presentation. Additional papers were accepted as short papers and posters. A further selection was made after the Conference, based also on the assessment of presentation quality and audience interest, so that this book includes the extended and revised versions of the very best papers of ICINCO 2015. Commitment to high quality standards is a major concern of ICINCO that will be maintained in the next editions, considering not only the stringent paper acceptance ratios but also the quality of the program committee, keynote lectures, participation level and logistics.

Since the publication of the sixth edition of this benchmark text, numerous advances in the field have been made – particularly in stem cells, 3D culture, scale-up, STR profiling, and culture of specialized cells. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications, Seventh Edition is the updated version of this benchmark text, addressing these recent developments in the field as well as the basic skills and protocols. This eagerly awaited edition reviews the increasing diversity of the applications of cell culture and the proliferation of specialized techniques, and provides an introduction to new subtopics in mini-reviews. New features also include a new chapter on cell line authentication with a review of the major issues and appropriate protocols including DNA profiling and barcoding, as well as some new specialized protocols. Because of the continuing expansion of cell culture, and to keep the bulk of the book to a reasonable size, some specialized protocols are presented as supplementary material online. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications, Seventh Edition provides the most accessible and comprehensive introduction available to the culture and experimental manipulation of animal cells. This text is an indispensable resource for those in or entering the field, including academic research scientists, clinical and biopharmaceutical researchers, undergraduate and graduate students, cell and molecular biology and genetics lab managers, trainees and technicians.

“Were this story a novel, it would have the character of an implausible fable, but as often occurred in the Holocaust, reality exceeds the imagination.”—Michael Berenbaum, from the ForewordWhen Hitler invaded Warsaw in the fall of 1939, hundreds of thousands of civilians were trapped in the besieged city. The Rebbe Joseph Schneersohn, the leader of the ultra-orthodox Lubavitcher Jews, was among them. When word of his plight went out, a group of American Jews initiated what would ultimately become one of the strangest—and most miraculous—rescues of World War II. And this is the incredible but true story that Bryan Mark Rigg tells in The Rabbi Saved by Hitler's Soldiers.Amid the chaos and hell of the emerging Holocaust, a small group of German soldiers shepherded Rebbe Schneersohn and his Hasidic followers out of Poland. In the course of the daring escape—traveling by train to Berlin, rerouted to Latvia and Sweden, and carried by ship through U-boat-infested waters to America—the Rebbe would learn a shocking truth. The leader of the rescue operation, the decorated Wehrmacht soldier Ernst Bloch, was himself half-Jewish, and a victim of the rising tide of German anti-Semitism. Perhaps even more remarkable were the central roles of Admiral Wilhelm Canaris, head of the Nazi military intelligence service, and of Helmuth Wohlthat, chief administrator of Göring's Four Year Plan. Pursuing every lead, amassing critical evidence, pulling together all the pieces of what could well be a political thriller, Rigg reconstructs the Rebbe's improbable escape, and tells a harrowing story about identity and moral responsibility. His book is the definitive account of an extraordinary episode in the history of World War II.

This invaluable resource delineates procedures for development and use of stem cells in the laboratory and explores the potential for clinical applications. The text discusses mesenchymal stem cell isolation, isolation of adipose derived stem cells, new trends of induced pluripotent stem cells in disease treatment, cord blood banking, future directions of the discussed therapies and much more. The chapters are contributed by preeminent scientists in the field and present a comprehensive picture of stem cell processes, from development in the laboratory to effects and side-effects of clinical application.Stem Cell Processing and the other books in the Stem Cells in Clinical Applications series, edited by Dr. Phuc Van Pham, is essential reading for scientists, researchers, advanced students and clinicians working in stem cells, regenerative medicine or tissue engineering.

This book deals with the new method of laser-driven acceleration for application to radiation biophysics and medicine. It provides multidisciplinary contributions from world leading scientist in order to assess the state of the art of innovative tools for radiation biology research and medical applications of ionizing radiation. The book contains insightful contributions on highly topical aspects of spatio-temporal radiation biophysics, evolving over several orders of magnitude, typically from femtosecond and sub-micrometer scales. Particular attention is devoted to the emerging technology of laser-driven particle accelerators and their application to spatio-temporal radiation biology and medical physics, customization of non-conventional and selective radiotherapy and optimized radioprotection protocols.

Neurorestoratology is one of the most important disciplines in modern medicine and is also the most important discipline in neuroscience. Its core aim is to restore, promote and maintain the integrity of impaired or lost neuronal functions and/or structures by using novel cell-based comprehensive neurorestorative strategies. This book is the first and a unique one that systematically expounds the main aspects of neurorestoratology, which includes three sections with 22 chapters in two volumes. It systematically elaborates CNS neurorestorable theory and neurorestorative mechanisms. It firstly comprehends the Neurorestorative Process as a whole and Neurorestorative law. It fully describes all neurorestorative strategies and their continuing clinical progresses and achievements, especially the cell-based comprehensive neurorestorative strategies. Volume 1 includes Section One: Overview, and Section Two: Techniques and Effects of Neurorestorative Strategies Section One describes the establishing process of discipline, the origin and development of each neurorestorative strategy, which records and reproduces the pioneers'difficult journey of indomitable exploration and developing process of this discipline. Furthermore the Neurorestorative process, CNS neurorestorable theory, Neurorestorative law (more or less self-restoring always occurs by nature while facing insults, further active or appropriate medical intervention can better restore functions or /and structures) and mechanisms are in detail presented and discussed, which makes people easily understand the basics of Neurorestoratology and the dynamic changing of neural degeneration or damages following neurorestorative mechanisms at physiological or different pathophysiological stages Section Two is devoted to the techniques and effects of CNS neurorestorative strategies that mainly include cell therapy, neuromodulation, medicine and factors, bioengineering and tissue-engineering, neurorestorative surgery and alternative therapies. Additionally neurorehabilitation as a complementary neurorestorative strategy is also described. Volume 2 shows Section Three: Neurorestorative Strategies for Disorders Section Three presents neurorestorative strategies to treat trauma or neurodegenerative diseases in nervous system. In which, neurorestorative therapy for spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, autism, optic neuropathy, and peripheral nerve injury are presented in great detail. Recent advancement and scientific progresses in this area have certainly suggested that standing up or walking to some extent is not a just dream for some patients with complete chronic spinal cord injury. Likewise, patients with ALS, Parkinson's disease, dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases can also be stabilized or have their functions improved for a period of time. Similarly, with the help of such treatments, patients with chronic stroke can also improve their quality of life and cerebral palsy children can have their intelligence and self-care abilities improved tremendously. As we know, expectations on improving the quality of life and prolonging lifespan have been the eternal desire of human beings since the immemorial era. The ethical stance presented in the Declaration of Helsinki requires physicians to try their best to help patients with new medical methods. We hope this book will accelerate a change in thinking among clinicians and healthcare providers and excite more of them with their responsibilities to help patients with neurorestorative strategies; also, this book will further advance the concept of neurorestoratology and its implementations in translational medicine. This book is edited and contributed by many top scientists and physicians worldwide, such as: Neuroretoratology founders, Hongyun Huang, Geoffrey Raisman, Paul Sanberg and etc. The boo