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Pyroelectric Materials An authoritative and practical discussion of pyroelectric materials and their applications In Pyroelectric Materials: Physics and Applications, the authors deliver a comprehensive exploration of the physics of pyroelectric materials and their applications. With authoritative coverage of a wide variety of critical topics in the field, the authors provide the readers with chapters on dielectric fundamentals, pyroelectricity, pyroelectric materials and their applications such as pyroelectric infrared detectors, pyroelectric energy harvesting, and pyroelectric fusion. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the fundamentals of dielectrics, including discussions of polarization, dispersion, relaxation, and the molecular theory of induced charges in a dielectric Comprehensive explorations of pyroelectricity, including its history, theory, and a simple model of pyroelectric effect Perfect for researchers and professionals with an interest in pyroelectric materials, the book is also useful for graduate students taking courses involving pyroelectric materials and their applications.

Materials have played a revolutionary role in the development of the modern technological age, and their various applications have made our lives increasingly comfortable here on our home, the beautiful blue planet Earth. With the application of heat, pyroelectric materials produce electric current, qualifying them for use in uncooled infrared detectors. Infrared detectors are encountered in a vast number of applications in both war and peace—many of their uses are routine to us in everyday life. With the advent of new technologies, thermal sensing and imaging have become useful diagnostic tools for medical, industrial, and military applications. In medicine, infrared thermal imaging is applied to detect vascular disorders and arthritic rheumatisms as well as to monitor muscular performances and make preclinical diagnoses of breast cancer. Recently, these materials have been used in nuclear particle generation, and their usefulness in energy harvesting is currently under exploration. This monograph contains comprehensive cutting-edge information on pyroelectric materials and their preparation, properties, and applications, such as uncooled wideband infrared detectors, particle generators, and ambient energy harvesters. The complete lifecycle of a pyroelectric material is presented here for readers—from the theory of operation, to structure, and processing and applications—providing a cohesive overview of all of the necessary concepts, including theoretical background and current developments in the field of pyroelectric devices. It describes the preparation, structure, properties and figures of merit for practical pyroelectric materials such as triglycine sulfate, lead zirconate titanate, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate, barium strontium titanate, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate, polyvinylidene fluoride, zinc oxide, and others, including the merits and demerits of their use in devices.

Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters BCI (WoS).The purpose of this book is to present the current state of knowledge in the field of energy harvesting using piezoelectric and pyroelectric materials. The book is addressed to students and academics engaged in research in the fields of energy harvesting, material sciences and engineering. Scientists and engineers who are working in the area of energy conservation and renewable energy resources should find it useful as well. Explanations of fundamental physical properties such as piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity are included to aid the understanding of the non-specialist. Specific technologies and particular applications are also presented. This book is divided into two parts, each subdivided into chapters. Part I concerns fundamentals. Chapter 1 reports the discoveries, standard issues and various materials involved with energy harvesting. Chapter 2 presents electromechanical models enabling an understanding of how energy harvesting systems behave. The vibration theory and designs for various piezoelectric energy harvesting structures are addressed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 describes the analytical expressions for the energy flow in piezoelectric energy harvesting systems, in particular, with cymbal and flexible transducers. A description of the conversion enhancement for powering low-energy consumption devices is presented in Chapter 5. Part II concerns Applications and Case Studies. It begins with Chapter 6, in which the principles and applications of piezoelectric nanogenerators are reported. Chapter 7 describes the utilization of energy harvesting from low-frequency energy sources. There are more ways to use vibrational energy than waste heat. However, Chapter 8 presents the fundamentals of an important application of heat conversion with a copolymer. Finally, commercial energy harvesting products and a technological forecast are provided in Chapter 9.

In an era dominated by electronic devices and interconnected technologies, the weak point of this technology remains the limited lifespan and lengthy maintenance of conventional batteries. The pervasive use of wireless sensor networks and Internet of Things (IoT) applications has accentuated the inadequacies of battery technology, which has not kept pace with the miniaturization of electronic devices. Frequent battery replacements for remote devices have become a critical bottleneck, hindering the seamless operation of devices that play a pivotal role in various industries. Addressing this universal challenge head-on, Emerging Materials, Technologies, and Solutions for Energy Harvesting emerges as a tool for innovation and sustainability. This book explores energy harvesting, a paradigm shift that transforms ambient energy sources such as thermal gradients, solar energy, radio frequency, and vibration energy into a viable and enduring power solution. By presenting innovative materials, technologies, and solutions, the book is the key to unlocking a future where devices can thrive on efficient, cost-effective, and compact energy harvesting systems, eliminating frequent battery replacements. This comprehensive guide identifies the issue but provides a transformative solution. Readers embark on a journey through the intricacies of energy harvesting research, exploring topics ranging from system design and power management to the fundamentals of thermoelectric, piezoelectric, and pyroelectric materials. It is an invaluable resource that empowers individuals to expand their theoretical knowledge and practically apply emerging solutions in their research and professional endeavors. Emerging Materials, Technologies, and Solutions for Energy Harvesting is not just a book; it is the bridge to a future where sustainable energy solutions redefine the landscape of electronic devices and wireless technologies.

This book presents a comprehensive review of the most important methods used in the characterisation of piezoelectric, ferroelectric and pyroelectric materials. It covers techniques for the analysis of bulk materials and thick and thin film materials and devices. There is a growing demand by industry to adapt and integrate piezoelectric materials into ever smaller devices and structures. Such applications development requires the joint development of reliable, robust, accurate and – most importantly – relevant and applicable measurement and characterisation methods and models. In the past few years there has been a rapid development of new techniques to model and measure the variety of properties that are deemed important for applications development engineers and scientists.The book has been written by the leaders in the field and many chapters represent established measurement best practice, with a strong emphasis on application of the methods via worked examples and detailed experimental procedural descriptions. Each chapter contains numerous diagrams, images, and measurement data, all of which are fully referenced and indexed. The book is intended to occupy space in the research or technical lab, and will be a valuable and practical resource for students, materials scientists, engineers, and lab technicians.

Functional macromolecular complexes are classified as distinctive functional material groups in the fields of chemistry and materials science. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis and applications of functional macromolecular complexes with a focus on Japanese chemists who are leading this field. Translated from the original Japanese title, it gives an overview of the synthesis, structures, functions, and applications of functional macromolecular complexes in an easily understandable manner. Useful for students who are interested in functional materials, as well as researchers and young scientists new to coordination chemistry in academic and industry settings, the book will help to generate new scientific and technological advances for the future.

The book will contain the collection of keynote and invited papers of the 5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics.

Addressed to physical and chemical scientists and engineers, this book provides information on the design, manufacture, and assessment of components with critical dimensions or critical tolerances in the 0.1-100 nanometer range. Such tiny parts are now used in automobile engines, cassette players, and other common products. The 16 lectures presented are from an advanced vacation school on instrumentation and nanotechnology in Warwick, England, September 1990. Among the topics are signal processing, ultrasonic sensors, and nanoactuators for controlled displacements..

This book introduces the basics of the Internet of Things (IoT) and explores the foundational role ofsensors in IoT applications. The IoT is a network of devices and objects: sensors, actuators, hardware,software, human beings, domestic appliances, health monitoring equipment, and other thingsconnected to the internet, which is designed to operate in a coordinated fashion to receive, process,and interpret signals and take appropriate action.It provides a seamless real-time interface between the physical and digital worlds by integratingsensors with networking, computation, and actuation facilities. This book sketches a perspective ofthe IoT with sensors as the focus of attention. Diverse applications of the IoT that are destined tomake an impact on our everyday lives in the near future are discussed.It presents a comprehensive overview of the most recent sensor technologies used in the IoT tokeep the reader abreast of the current advances at the frontiers of knowledge.The book will cater to student and professional audiences, and will be useful for postgraduate andPh.D. students studying physics, engineering, and computer science as well as researchers, engineers,and industrial workers engaged in this fast-progressing field.Key Features:• Explains the basic concepts and important terms of ‘Internet of Things'in simple language• Provides an up-to-date coverage of the key sensors used in IoT applications• Explores IoT applications in smart cities, smart agriculture, smart factory, and many more

There are many images of science and the activities of scientists. Some would imply that science would eventually reach the limits of knowledge while others create an expectation of endless horizons. Some people would believe that science has or will provide the answers to key open questions that lay ahead, while others experience fear regarding its development. In this book, we will look at all these aspects, going from particles, via atoms, cells, starts, galaxies, our place in the universe, to explore what makes us, human beings, really unique in nature: our ability to imagine and shape the future by making use of the scientific method. The book is an EPS action designed to address the social dimension of science and the grand challenges in Physics that will bring radical change to developed societies, to raise standards of living at the global scale, and to provide basic understanding of nature on the Horizon 2050. Key Features: Describe the world's physics agenda to solve at the horizon 2050. Explore our ability to imagine and shape the future by making use of the scientific method. Reports prepare for a wide community avoiding as much as possible technical jargon, communicating results for non-experts in the field. Specific target audiences are young people looking for perspectives in physics and policy makers. The book should reach a broad audience that is willing to explore a future shaped by science.

The book gives an insight into the latest research going on worldwide in the area of functional materials that specifically utilized for the energy harvesting, storage, and environmental monitoring. Since the technology is moving very fast day by day, it has become a need of hour to stay updated with recent advancements in materials which include electronic, magnetic, optical, adaptive, dielectric materials, etc., that are required to develop new functionalities with better performance that is beneficial for sustainable environment. The broad areas that are covered in the book include the knowledge of wide range of materials for energy harvesting, energy storage, and sensors for environmental monitoring. This book is a value additional reference for beginners, researchers, and academicians regarding the new functional materials for device applications. This book covers a wide range of topics: multifunctional materials, 2D materials, sensing materials, materials for environmental studies, DFT and solar simulation of materials, perovskite and double perovskite materials, materials for energy conversion and storage, smart materials, advanced functional materials, polymeric materials, composites, materials for sustainable development, nanomaterials, and thin films.

Condensation Particle Counting Technology and Its Applications introduces the principles, key components, calibration methods, and applications of condensation particle counting systems.This book delves into the adverse effects of fine particles on human health, along with the existing detection technologies for these particles. It discusses the theories and methods of optical measurement for fine particles and elaborates on the applicable conditions for each light scattering theory, providing a theoretical foundation for detecting particle-scattered light. This book concludes with an overview of the challenges posed by ongoing climate change and future research prospects in condensation particle counting (CPC).This book is intended for industry professionals and environmental researchers specializing in particle and aerosol measurement, detection methods, and technology.

This book highlights the fundamentals and recent advances for developing novel polymer composites for various applications, including 3D printing, automotive, textiles, agriculture, nanogenerators, energy storage and biomedical engineering. It presents various facile processing techniques to prepare polymeric composites with attractive properties like mechanical strength, flexibility, thermal & electrical performances for end used applications from bench to field. This in-sight of properties, performances and utility will lead to technological applications of polymer composites. It provides a platform for evolving and expanding technological solutions for challenges in the contemporary world, and presents a concrete path for advancement in this domain of polymer composite for professionals, researchers, material scientists, and students.

As the global community confronts challenges in energy, environment, health, agriculture, industry, and construction, the significance of sustainable materials becomes paramount. The looming specter of resource depletion necessitates a paradigm shift, urging researchers and engineers to anticipate future needs and forge materials that align with evolving requirements. Next Generation Materials for Sustainable Engineering underscores the urgency of conserving resources and provides a blueprint for achieving this through judicious and sustainable use. From polymers to alloys, nanocomposites to biomaterials, this book traverses the expansive landscape of materials, deciphering their structures and properties with an eye toward sustainability. The relentless pursuit of innovation in synthesis protocols takes center stage, unveiling pathways to creating novel materials. Through meticulous characterization and insightful analyses, the book unravels the mysteries of these materials, offering a panoramic view of their applications. The chapters dedicated to specific material applications, such as spintronics, nanowires, phase change materials, and nanocomposites, offer a detailed panorama of the latest advancements. This book bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical applications by exploring materials for renewable energy, electronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, lithium-sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, and biomedical applications. The book serves as a beacon for academicians, researchers, and material scientists, guiding them through state-of-the-art developments, emerging trends, and challenges in material science and engineering. It enriches their knowledge base and charts a roadmap for the promotion of research in this critical domain. The fusion of advances in materials with the ethos of sustainability is a central theme, interpreting how research and development can be integrated with practical applications.

This book focuses on summarizing recent research trends for new beyond-CMOS and beyond-silicon devices, circuits, and architectures for computing. It reports the recent achievements in this field from leading research trends around the globe, specifically focusing on nanoscale beyond silicon materials and devices, functional nanomaterials, nanoscale devices, beyond-CMOS devices materials, and their opportunities and challenges. The book is devoted to the fast-evolving field of modern material science and nanoelectronics, particularly to the physics and technology of functional nanomaterials and devices.

Discover the latest advances in ferroelectric and piezoelectric material sciences with this comprehensive monograph, divided into six chapters, each offering unique insights into the field.Chapter 1 delves into the manufacture and study of new ceramic materials, focusing on complex oxides of various metals (Aurivillius phases). The authors explore layered bismuth titanates and niobates, known for their high Curie temperature, and discuss how varying their chemical composition can lead to significant changes in their electrophysical properties. Chapter 2 explores the fascinating world of ferroelectrics — dielectrics with spontaneous polarization. Mathematical models and approaches of fractional calculus are used to understand the process of polarization switching in these materials, shedding light on the fractality of electrical responses. In Chapter 3, readers gain valuable insights into the inhomogeneous polarization process of polycrystalline ferroelectrics, a crucial stage in creating piezoceramic samples for energy converters. The authors present a comprehensive mathematical model that allows the determination of various characteristics, including dielectric and piezoelectric hysteresis loops and the effect of attenuation processes.Chapter 4 focuses on state-of-the-art piezoelectric energy harvesting, discussing theoretical, experimental, and computer modelling approaches. The authors discuss piezoelectric generators (PEGs) of different types (cantilever, stack and axis) and nonlinear effects arising at their operation. Chapter 5 presents expanded test and finite element models for cantilever-type and axial-type PEGs with active elements. The studies cover various structural and electric schemes of the PEGs with proof mass, bimorph and cylindrical piezoelectric elements, and excitation loads. Finally, Chapter 6 reviews some results in the last five years, obtained in modelling the vibration of devices from piezoactive materials, including five important effects: piezoelectric, flexoelectric, pyroelectric, piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic.As a diverse addition to the literature, this book is a relevant resource for researchers, engineers, and students seeking to expand their knowledge of cutting-edge developments in this exciting field.

Emerging Energy Materials: Applications and Challenges guides the reader through materials used in progressive energy systems.It tackles their use in energy storage across solar, bio, geothermal, wind, fossil, hydrogen, nuclear, and thermal energy. Specific chapters are dedicated to energy reaping systems currently in development. This book contributes to the current literature by highlighting concerns that are frequently overlooked in energy materials textbooks. Awareness of these challenges and contemplation of possible solutions is critical for advancing the field of energy material technologies.Key features: Provides up-to-date information on the synthesis, characterization, and a range of applications using various physical and chemical methods Presents the latest advances in future energy materials and technologies subjected to specific applications Includes applied illustrations, references, and advances in order to explain the challenges and trade-offs in the field of energy material research and development Includes coverage of solar cell and photovoltaic, hydro power, nuclear energy, fuel cell, battery electrode, supercapacitor and hydrogen storage applications This book is a timely reference for researchers looking to improve their understanding of emerging energy materials, as well as postgraduate students considering a career within materials science, renewable energy and materials chemistry.

This book explains various methods needed to overcome the challenges faced during environmental remediation with a focus on nanotechnology. The book comprises ten edited chapters that aim to inform and educate readers about recent technologies that are beneficial for pollution control.Starting with an introduction to environmental remediation, the book covers innovative nanomaterials including spinel nanoferrites, carbonaceous quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and nanobioadsorbents. In addition to highlighting the environmental benefits of these materials, the book includes chapters on the potential of nanotechnology for harnessing the environment to generate energy through nanogenerators and piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.Key features of the book include notes on fundamental issues and challenges regarding environmental remediation, easy to read content with pictorial illustrations and scholarly references for each chapter. The book is an informative resource for students and academicians in science, technology and environmental science discipline.

Applied Continuum Mechanics for Thermo-Fluids presents the tensor notation rules and integral theorems before defining the preliminary concepts and applications of continuum mechanics. It bridges the gap between physical concepts and mathematical expressions with a rigorous mathematical treatment. After discussing fundamental concepts of continuum mechanics, the text explains basic subjects such as the Stokes hypothesis, the second coefficient of viscosity, non-Newtonian fluids, non-symmetric stress tensor, and the full Navier-Stokes equation. With coverage of interdisciplinary topics, the book highlights issues such as relativistic fluid mechanics, stochastic mechanics, fractional calculus, nanoscale fluid mechanics, polar fluids, electrodynamics, and traffic flows. It describes fundamental concepts of vorticity dynamics, including the definition of vorticity and circulation, with corresponding balance equations and related theorems.This text is intended for upper-level undergraduate and postgraduate mechanical, chemical, aerospace, civil engineering, and physics students taking continuum mechanics, advanced fluid mechanics, convective heat transfer, turbulence, or any other similar courses. In addition, this book can be an excellent resource for scientists who want to initiate research on topics related to thermo-fluids.Instructors will be able to utilize a Solutions Manual and Figure Slides for their courses. The eBook+ version includes the following enhancements: Videos placed throughout the text containing further explanation of key topics Multiple-choice quizzes to reinforce readers'understanding of physical concepts

This textbook introduces readers to the language, concepts, and tools of crystallography, as well as many aspects of crystal chemistry. Important topics, such as bonding, electronegativity, lattice energy, symmetry operations, crystal defects, and structure-property relationships are covered. Worked examples are included where appropriate. By uniquely combining elements of crystallography and crystal chemistry, the text is a useful and accessible resource for students across many disciplines. Chapter summaries and example problems are included to optimize use by students and faculty in both graduate and undergraduate curricula. Historical context to relevant discoveries and biographical sketches of many of the scientists involved in the development of this field are also provided to expand the student's knowledge of both solid-state science and scientists.

The 1st International Conference on Intelligent Computation and Analytics on Sustainable Energy (ICICASEE 2023) was held at Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering & Technology (GKCIET), Malda, West Bengal, India. GKCIET is a premier engineering institute located in Malda, West Bengal, India. Being established in 2010, at present the institute offers B.Tech and Diploma Civil Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and engineering and Food process□ing technology. The conference was aimed to provide a platform for researchers, academicians, indus□try professionals, and students to exchange knowledge and ideas on intelligent computation, analytics, and their applications in sustainable energy systems. The Department of Electrical Engineering of the institute hosted the conference from September 21–23, 2023.

Piezoelectric Materials Analyze the foundational materials of the electronics industry In recent years piezoelectric materials have become one of the world's most important classes of functional materials. Their ability to convert between mechanical and electrical energy makes them indispensable for sensors, transducers, actuators, catalysts, and many other foundational electronic devices. As electronics industries expand at unprecedented rates, the range of applications for piezoelectric materials continues to grow. Piezoelectric Materials offers a comprehensive overview of this group of materials, its key properties, and its applications. Beginning with the fundamental science of piezoelectric phenomena, it then analyzes different the numerous different classes of piezoelectric materials and their current and future industrial functions. The result is essential for engineers and materials scientists working in any number of areas. Piezoelectric Materials readers will also find: Analysis of materials types include lead-based and lead-free piezoelectric materials, textured piezoceramics, piezoelectric thin films, and many moreDetailed discussion of applications including dielectric energy storage and biomedical technologyAuthorship by a leading researcher of piezoelectric materials Piezoelectric Materials is ideal for materials scientists, electronic engineers, polymer chemists, solid state chemists, and any other researchers or professionals working with these key materials.

Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition, 13-vol set, consolidates and enhances the most up-to-date literature of the materials processing and manufacturing universe. It provides authoritative analysis of all processes, technologies, and techniques for converting industrial materials from a raw state into finished parts or products. Coverage encompasses solidification, powder, deposition, and deformation processing. Additional discussion includes plant and tool design, analysis and characterization of processing techniques, high-temperatures studies, and the influence of process scale on component characteristics and behavior. Building and expanding on the previous edition, it includes recent developments and advances in the field, such as updated processing technologies, costs and characterizations. This new edition will also explore sustainability and environmental impact of materials processing in greater detail. Comprehensive Materials Processing, Second Edition will serve as a valuable, one-stop resource to students, academics, and researchers in the fields of engineering and materials science, as well as those in adjacent fields. Industry professionals will also benefit from this comprehensive resource. - Updated to include recent developments in the field, such as updated processing technologies and costs - Explores sustainability and the environmental impact of materials - Includes practical tools such as integrated case studies, user-defined process schemata, and multimedia modeling and functionality - Maximizes research efficiency by collating the most important and established information into one concise resource with consistently formatted chapters

Smart drug delivery at both the micro- and nanoscale is an evolving field with numerous potential applications. It has the potential to revolutionize drug therapy by making treatments more effective, reducing side effects, and improving patient outcomes.This book presents a comprehensive review of the most recent studies on smart micro- and nanomaterials with a focus on their “smart” activity for formation of targeted and responsive drug-delivery carriers. This volume: Introduces readers to the fundamentals of these the micro- and nanoscale materials as well as approaches to smart drug delivery and drug delivery systems. Covers polymers, metals, and composite materials as well as quantum dots and carbon nanotubes. Describes of all possible stimulated systems for drug delivery such as enzyme-responsive, small molecules-responsive, thermo-responsive, pH-responsive, electric field-responsive, magnetic field-responsive, light-responsive, ultrasound-responsive, and reductive environment responsive. Offers a critical perspective on the future scope of smart drug delivery systems. This reference work is written to support researchers in the fields of materials engineering and biotechnology with the goal of improving the diagnosis and treatment of disease and patient quality of life.

This book presents 60 selected peer-reviewed contributions from the international conference Physics and Mechanics of New Materials and Their Applications, PHENMA 2023 (3-8 October, 2023, Surabaya, Indonesia), focusing on processing techniques, physics, mechanics, and applications of advanced materials. The book describes a broad spectrum of promising nanostructures, crystal structures, materials, and composites with unique properties. It presents nanotechnological design approaches, environmental-friendly processing techniques, and physicochemical as well as mechanical studies of advanced materials. The selected contributions describe recent progress in energy harvesting and piezoelectric materials optimization, electromagnetoelastic actuators for nanotechnology research, impedance spectroscopy and study of ceramic materials, catalyst synthesis and control of morphological characteristics, synthesis and study of electrocatalysts for fuel cells. The presented results are important forongoing efforts concerning the theory, modelling, and testing of advanced materials. Other results are devoted to the analysis of technogenic raw materials and different material applications in science, technique and industry.

This volume of the'Journal of Nano Research'contains peer-reviewed papers that announce the research results in the area of applied and functional nanomaterials and recent nanotechnologies: heterostructures nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of dyes and pathogens in the water and wastewater; magnetic nitrogen-doped catalysts for efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate for degradation of organic pollutants; nanocomposite foams for remediation of congo red dye; researching of electron transport behaviour in InSb semiconductor; analysis of the hydrophilic self-cleaning and ultraviolet-shielding coatings for industrial and home applications, etc. The collected articles will be helpful to many specialists from various industrial branches whose activity is related to nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.

Power small devices more efficiently and practically with these essential materials Piezoelectric energy harvesting is an increasingly widely-deployed technique to generate electricity from mechanical energy. Reliability, ease of use, and cleanliness make piezoelectric energy harvesting in small electronic devices a potentially valuable alternative to the practical challenges and waste production of disposable or even reusable batteries. However, piezoelectric materials have their own challenges, advantages, and limitations, and choosing between them is a difficult engineering problem in itself; hybrid piezoelectric materials, which can be used to compensate the weaknesses of individual piezoelectric materials (like ceramic or polymer), are the emerging solution. Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Conversion offers a systematic analysis of these hybrid piezoelectric materials and their applications. Each hybrid piezoelectric material is analyzed for its fundamentals, structural requirements, and applications, and the result is a significant contribution to materials science and electronic engineering. Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Conversion readers will also find: Comprehensive coverage of piezoelectric materials to provide the best fit for any set of engineering needs Detailed discussion of inorganic, organic, and hybrid piezoelectric materials Surface modification of piezoelectric filler in composite based piezoelectric materials Importance of semiconductive and conductive materials in enhancing piezoelectric response of hybrid piezoelectric materials In depth analysis of bio-based hybrid piezoelectric materials Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting and Conversion is ideal for researchers in materials sciences, polymers, textiles, green and renewable energy, and all related fields.

Due to their biodegradability, renewability and superior lubrication performance compared to commercial fossil lubricants, vegetable oils are becoming substitutes for petroleum-based lubricants in different sectors, especially in the automotive industry. Biolubricants covers feedstocks, physicochemical properties, process to chemically alter raw oils from feedstocks, lubrication characteristics, as well as the additives to enhance properties.

Nanophototherapy: Preparations and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of the various multifunctional nanoparticles used for phototherapy, with an emphasis on fundamental nanotechnology and the latest research of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The different types of phototherapeutic nanomaterials are thoroughly described, along with their structural features and synthesis. This is the first book to cover nanomaterial-based phototherapy for both cancer and bacterial infections. It is an essential resource for researchers, academics, and professionals interested in the potential of multifunctional nanomaterials for therapeutic applications. - Overviews the types, structural features, design, and fabrication of advanced nanomaterial-based phototherapy of cancer and microbial infections - Provides fundamentals and reviews the latest research on nanomaterial-based phototherapy for the treatment of cancer and bacterial infections - Features definitions, synthesis, and characterization of various nanomaterials, such as NIR-based metals, photosensitizer-loaded nanomaterials, polymer nanoparticles, and more

Self-powered Sensors: A Path to Wearable Electronics features recent developments in chemical, photonic, pharmaceutical, microbiological, biomimetic, and bio-inspired approaches for MEMS/NEMS and medicinal self-powered sensors. Unconventional nanomaterial sensors driven by self-sufficient energy are given a contemporary review, with a focus on the categorization of energy sources and comparisons of research involving self-powered solar, piezoresistive, triboelectric, and thermodynamic technologies. This book also focuses on the different techniques, materials, comparisons of fabrication of self-powered sensors as well as thermoelectric self-powered sensors and its implantable applications. - Presents state-of-the-art technologies and advancements in the design and application of self-powered sensors - Examines the advantages and disadvantages of self-powered nanomaterial sensors in terms of energy collecting techniques and sensing applications - Reviews the incorporation of self-operating devices and novel uses for neuromorphic sensors

This book reveals key challenges to ensuring the secure and sustainable production and use of energy resources and provides corresponding solutions. This book covers the advanced technologies applied in renewable energy generation, energy storage, an alternative to petroleum fuels, waste to energy, solar energy, the impact of fossil fuel combustion on the environment, green buildings, social sustainability, etc. It goes beyond theory and describes practical challenges and solutions associated with energy and sustainability. This book is of particular interest to graduate students and academic or industrial researchers/professionals working in renewable energy, sustainability, bioenergy, and mechanical and automobile engineering. This book makes a forceful foundation for the establishment of the role of renewable energy in energy transition for a sustainable, cleaner, and greener future. This book is unique compared to other available books because it covers a wide variety of topics on a single platform.

This book focuses on the numerous energy harvesting techniques and their system implementation towards the fulfilment of energy requirements in compact electronic devices. These cover a wide range of applications in portable devices, bio-medical services, agriculture needs, mechanical systems, sensor networks, automobiles, food sector, home appliances, industry needs, etc. The authors detail energy harvesting methods using the latest technologies in acoustics, bio-chemical, thermal, artificial light, fluid flow, vibrations, EM energy, RF energy, piezoelectric, electrostatic, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, hybrid harvesting, ultrasonic, infrared, light, wind, and solar. The book is intended for researchers, academics, professionals, and students in energy harvesting.

Developed for the TVET NCV student at Level 2, Succeed In NCV Robotics L2provides students with the necessary theoretical knowledge and the practical application to confidently write their exams and progress to the next level.The features of the Succeed In NCV Robotics L2 resource provides students with everything they need to succeed, by: • Focusing on TVET appropriate language, with difficult words defined where they are used and a glossary at the back on the textbook. • Listing learning outcomes at the start of each module and reviewing them again in summary form at the end of the chapter for students to use when studying. • Presenting information visually through illustrations, diagrams and photos. • Using current examples and Case Studies that link theory to industry, bringing the content to life.• Including QR codes to additional information and videos to enhance the teaching and learning process. • Providing multiple tasks to facilitate class discussion, revision, and build‑up of student competence. • Providing assessment questions at the end of each module, and exemplar National Exam, allows sufficient practice for tests and exams

This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Recent Advances in Materials, Manufacturing and Thermal Engineering (RAMMTE 2022). It broadly covers the topics of manufacturing and thermal engineering. Various topics covered in this book include alternative fuels, automation, mechatronics and robotics, CAD, CAM, FMS, CIM, CN, CFD, failure and fracture mechanics, friction, wear, tribology, and surface engineering, heat treatment, microstructure and refrigeration and cryogenics, heating ventilation and air conditioning system, heat transfer, internal combustion engines, machinability and formability of materials, mechanisms and machines, rapid manufacturing technologies and prototyping, turbo machinery, thermal engineering, and traditional and non-traditional machining processes. This book is useful for researchers and professionals working in the areas of manufacturing and thermal engineering.

Perovskite Metal Oxides: Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides an overview on the topic, including the synthesis of various types of perovskites, their properties, characterization and application. The book reviews the applications of this category of materials for photovoltaics, electronics, biomedical, fuel cell, photocatalyst, sensor, energy storage and catalysis, along with processing techniques of perovskite metal oxides with a focus on low-cost and high-efficiency methods, including various properties and probable applications in academia and industry. Other sections discuss strategies to improve the functionality of perovskite metal oxide materials, including chemical methods and controlling the size, shape and structure of the materials. Finally, applications of perovskite metal oxides in energy conversion and storage, sensing and electronics are covered. - Provides an overview of perovskite metal oxides, with an emphasis on synthesis, fabrication and characterization methods - Discusses strategies to improve the functionality of perovskite metal oxide materials, including chemical methods and controlling the size, shape and structure of the materials - Reviews applications of perovskite metal oxides in energy conversion and storage, sensing and electronics

Advanced Fluoropolymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication, Processing, Characterization and Applications presents a comprehensive review on the fundamental chemistry, physics, biology and engineering of advanced fluoropolymer nanocomposites. Detailed attention is given to the synthesis, processing characterization, properties and applications of fluoropolymer nanocomposites. Morphological, thermal, electrical, mechanical, tribological and viscoelastic properties are also discussed in detail, along with the influence of synthesis methods on the formation of fluoropolymer nanocomposites, including the effect of nanofiller size and shape and the dispersion state of various nanofillers in different fluoropolymer matrices. This book will be a useful reference resource for scientists, engineers and postgraduate students working in the field of polymer science and technology, materials science and engineering, composites and nanocomposites. This resource will help them find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems associated with their research. It will also assist researchers in becoming more acquainted with the field to address key questions within a short time. - Covers the range of fluoropolymer nanocomposites and their fabrication, processing, structural, physical, thermal, electrical and mechanical properties - Discusses high-performance applications in the electronics, energy, architecture, environmental, biomedical and textile industries - Presents the latest information on disposal and recycling, safety considerations, and the environmental and health impact of fluoropolymer nanocomposites

This book contains eight chapters that detail advances in energy research. Chapter One focuses on the utilization of Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) ceramics and PU/PZT composites for energy harvesting. Chapter Two offers a scenario analysis of fusion power penetration into the electric energy market. The aim of Chapter Three is to spur more research to discuss and develop new synthetic strategies and additional applications of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in electrochemical energy storage. Chapter Four proposes grid-forming and two-layer controls for virtual power plants (VPPs) in distribution systems. Chapter Five discusses multi-point fuel injection systems in detail. Chapter Six proposes an integrated approach to the production and management of methane and hydrogen. Chapter Seven explores the potential of a solar heat supply system equipped with flat solar collectors, a storage tank for storing a heat source, and a heat pump for heating the premises of small buildings located in three different cities of Central Asia. Lastly, Chapter Eight gives a possible explanation for the experimentally observed anomalous physical phenomenon of the low-energy transmutation of atomic nuclei of chemical elements in carbon-hydrogen plasma.

This book provides readers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems with a broad range of functionalities that can be added to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources. The book also includes examples of applications for brain-computer interfaces and event-driven imaging systems. Provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art reference for miniaturized More-than-Moore systems;Covers functionalities to add to 3D microsystems, including flexible electronics, metasurfaces and power sources;Includes current applications, such as brain-computer interfaces, event - driven imaging and edge computing.

Encyclopedia of Materials: Electronics, Three Volume Set provides a compilation on all aspects of electronic materials and devices, i.e., their science, engineering and technology. As electronic materials are integrated into numerous devices and widely used in almost all sectors, including information and communication technology, automation and control, robotics, manufacturing, process industries, instrumentation, energy and power systems, healthcare, and defense and security, this book is an ideal reference. This area of science will play an influential role in the future. In addition, given the rapid expansion of publications in this field, the compilation of definitive reviews of this kind is especially important and invaluable. The study of electronic materials is truly multidisciplinary, therefore the contributors to, and the audience for, this work will be from the fields of materials science, engineering, physics and chemistry. This title will provide users with a single and unique reference source for fundamental and applied research in electronic materials, incorporating elements from many different disciplines and applications. The work will be an invaluable resource for libraries in universities, research organizations, and manufacturing and technology companies. - Offers users a'one-stop', comprehensive resource, providing contemporary reviews of current electronic materials research and insights into future directions of the field - Clearly structured and meticulously organized, the Encyclopedia is split into 10 sections on key topics and clearly cross-referenced to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily - Includes chapters written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions - Provides students, researchers and practitioners with frontier knowledge in a rapidly expanding area, underpinning the most influential technologies of our time

Physicochemical mechanics is a self-contained theoretical framework that can be used to study and model physicochemical processes, based on well-known concepts taken from classical mechanics. This intuitive approach exploits the principles of Newtonian mechanics alongside Einstein's theory of Brownian motion in order to accurately describe complex biochemical systems, and can be used to model a broad range of phenomena including thermodiffusion, transmembrane transport and protein folding. The book begins by presenting the basic principles of classical mechanics and thermodynamics, before introducing the two new postulates of physicochemical mechanics. It is shown that these foundational concepts can be applied to systematically describe all major mass transport and equilibrium equations, and many practical applications of the theory are discussed. This text will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and graduate students in biological physics, biochemistry and chemical engineering, and a useful resource for researchers seeking an introduction to this modern theoretical approach.

This volume contains six chapters that detail recent advances in energy research. Chapter One addresses devices designed for both sunlight and artificial illumination as well as the emerging bifacial devices. Chapter Two describes the application of electrodeposited Ni-based, non-noble metal alloys and composites, as cathodes in the zero-gap membrane industrial cells. Chapter Three details the elaboration, characterization, modelling and application of the Polyurethane/Lead Zirconate Titanate composites for mechanical energy harvesting. Chapter Four discusses details of algal based biofuel production, factors affecting production, their efficient recovery and omics approach to improve the biofuel production. Chapter Five presents the use of floating offshore wind turbines for green electricity generation. Lastly, Chapter Six explains the findings of recent research on the generation of a hydrogen-based synthesis gas obtained from water electrolysis that uses an added carbon source.

Flexoelectricity is the ability of materials to generate a voltage when they are bent or, conversely, to bend under voltage. Flexoelectricity can be present in all materials; however, the magnitude of the flexoelectric coefficients is so small that flexoelectricity is virtually imperceptible on the human scale. The book's objective is to look at the flexoelectric effect in ceramics for various applications point of view such as sensor, actuator and energy harvesting etc. It briefly discusses the flexoelectric effect theories and models with the latest development in this field. Several methods are discussed to increase the flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric and other ceramics. It focused on the latest development in various possible applications such as flexopyroelectric, flexocaloric and nano energy generators. Apart from these, it will also discuss the inverse flexoelectric effect, flexoelectric effect in 2D materials, ambiguities and controversies in this field. This book resolved many questions related to flexoelectricity and made significant discoveries with profound implications beyond flexoelectricity, in such diverse areas as caloric or MEMS devices, etc. It covers the most recent breakthroughs in nano-generator, composite-based ceramics to maximize energy harvesting and storage. Therefore, this book will be handy for a researcher working in this direction of ceramics and can be a reference book for allied specializations. It will open a new approach to using the flexoelectric effect in various ceramics and varieties of applications. - Provides an in-depth study of the flexoelectric effect of a broad range of ceramic materials - It updates the state of art progress that has been done in the area of flexoelectric-based energy harvesting via nano-generator or nanocomposites of ceramics - Provides most recent advancement in the area of lead-free, lead-based ceramics, 2D material, flexocaloric and flexopyroelectric applications - The inverse flexoelectric effect is discussed in detail, which helps newcomers and expert researchers, scientists, and engineers working in this field - Includes an evaluation of ambiguities and controversies about the flexoelectric effect

The Electrocaloric Effect: Materials and Applications reviews the fundamentals of the electrocaloric effect, the most relevant electrocaloric materials, and electrocaloric measurements and device applications. The book introduces the electrocaloric effect, along with modeling and simulations of this effect. Then, it addresses the latest advances in synthesis, characterization and optimization of the most relevant electrocaloric materials, including ferroelectric materials, liquid materials, lead-free materials, polymers and composites. Finally, there is a review of the latest techniques in measurement and applications in refrigeration and cooling and a discussion of the advantages, challenges and perspectives of the future of electrocaloric refrigeration. - Provides a comprehensive introduction to the electrocaloric effect including experimental techniques to measure, model, and simulate the effect - Reviews the most relevant electrocaloric materials such as composites, polymers, metal oxides, ferroelectric materials, and more - Touches on the design and application of electrocaloric materials for devices with potential cooling and refrigeration applications

SOLAR FUELS In this book, you will have the opportunity to have comprehensive knowledge about the use of energy from the sun, which is our source of life, by converting it into different chemical fuels as well as catching up with the latest technology. The most important obstacle to solar meeting all our energy needs is that solar energy is not always accessible and, therefore, cannot be used when needed. Consequently, the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy, which has become increasingly important in recent years, is a groundbreaking topic in the field of renewable energy. This type of chemical energy is called solar fuel. Hydrogen, methanol, methane, and carbon monoxide are among the solar fuels, which can be produced via solar-thermal, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalytic or photoelectrochemical routes. Solar Fuels compiles the objectives related to the new semiconductor materials and manufacturing techniques for solar fuel generation. Chapters are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields. A multidisciplinary contributor profile, including chemical engineering, materials science, environmental engineering, and mechanical and aerospace engineering provides a broader point of view and coverage of the topic. Therefore, readers absolutely will have a chance to learn about not only the fundamentals, but also the various aspects of materials science and manufacturing technologies for solar fuel production. Moreover, readers from diverse fields should take advantage of this book to comprehend the impacts of solar energy conversion in chemical form. Audience The book will be of interest to a multidisciplinary group of fields in industry and academia, including physics, chemistry, materials science, biochemical engineering, optoelectronic information, photovoltaic and renewable energy engineering, electrochemistry, electrical engineering, and mechanical and manufacturing engineering.

With rapid technological developments and lifestyle advancements, electronic sensors are being seamlessly integrated into many devices. This comprehensive handbook explores current, state-of-the-art developments in flexible and wearable sensor technology and its future challenges.Numerous recent efforts have improved the sensing capability and functionality of flexible and wearable sensors. However, there are still many challenges in making them super-smart by incorporating features such as self-power, self-healing, and multifunctionality. These features can be developed with the use of multifunctional nanostructured materials, unique architectural designs, and other advanced technologies. This book provides details about the recent advancements, materials, and technologies used for flexible and wearable sensors. Its wide range of topics addresses the fundamentals of flexible and wearable sensors, their working principles, and their advanced applications.This handbook provides new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the principles, technologies, and applications of sensors in healthcare, energy, and the environment.

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Generally, sources for power generation are broken down into two categories: thermal and non-thermal. Thermal sources for power generation include combustion, geothermal, solar, nuclear, and waste heat, which essentially provide heat as a means for power generation. This book examines non-thermal (mechanical, electrochemical, nanoscale self-powered, and hybrid) sources of power generation and emphasizes recent advances in distributed power generation systems.Key Features Details recent advances made in wind power, including onshore, offshore, fixed and floating platform, and air wind energy systems, and offers detailed assessments of progress Covers advances in generation of hydropower, exploring dam hydropower, novel wave energy converters, and novel systems and turbines for hydrokinetic energy conversion to power Examines all types of fuel cells and their multi-functional roles, along with hybrid fuel cell systems in complete detail Explores advances in the development of self-powered nanogenerators for use in portable, wearable, and implantable power electronics Focuses on technologies with the best commercial possibilities and provides perspectives on future challenges that need to be solved This book will be of value to all researchers in academia, industry, and government interested in pursuing power generation technologies and seeking a comprehensive understanding of available and emerging non-thermal power generation sources. Readers who are interested in learning about thermal power generation sources can find it in the author's companion text Advanced Power Generation Systems: Thermal Sources (2023).

This very well-received book, now in its third edition, equips the radiologist with the information needed in order to diagnose internal medicine disorders and their complications from the radiological perspective. It offers an easy-to-consult tool that documents the most common and most important radiological signs of a wide range of diseases, across diverse specialties, with the aid of an excellent gallery of images and illustrations. Compared with the second edition, new updates have been added, including three new chapters that cover autonomic medicine, psychosomatic medicine, and forensic medicine. Internal Medicine – An Illustrated Radiological Guide puts the radiologist in the internal medicine physician's shoes. It teaches radiologists how to think in terms of disease progression and complications, explains where to look for and to image these complications, and identifies the best modalities for reaching a diagnosis. It will also benefit internal medicine physicians by clarifying the help that radiology can offer them and assisting in the choice of investigation for diagnostic confirmation.

Spectroscopy can be defined as the study of the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, during which absorption, emission, or scattering of radiation may take place. The structure and chemical properties of a system can easily be understood and studied with the help of atomic and molecular spectroscopic techniques because there exists a fundamental relationship between the properties of a substance and the interaction of radiation with that substance. The importance of spectroscopy in the physical and chemical processes going on in planets, stars, and comets as well as in the interstellar medium has been continuously growing as a result of the use of satellites and the development of radiotelescopes for the microwave and millimeter wave regions. This book on spectroscopy gives a wealth of information that may be derived from spectra.

Analytical instrumentation is crucial to research in molecular biology, medicine, geology, food science, materials science, forensics, and many other fields. Undergraduate Instrumental Analysis, 8th Edition, provides the reader with an understanding of all major instrumental analyses, and is unique in that it starts with the fundamental principles, and then develops the level of sophistication that is needed to make each method a workable tool for the student. Each chapter includes a discussion of the fundamental principles underlying each technique, detailed descriptions of the instrumentation, and a large number of applications. Each chapter includes an updated bibliography and problems, and most chapters have suggested experiments appropriate to the technique.This edition has been completely updated, revised, and expanded. The order of presentation has been changed from the 7th edition in that after the introduction to spectroscopy, UV-Vis is discussed. This order is more in keeping with the preference of most instructors. Naturally, once the fundamentals are introduced, instructors are free to change the order of presentation. Mathematics beyond algebra is kept to a minimum, but for the interested student, in this edition we provide an expanded discussion of measurement uncertainty that uses elementary calculus (although a formula approach can be used with no loss of context). Unique among all instrumental analysis texts we explicitly discuss safety, up front in Chapter 2. The presentation intentionally avoids a finger-wagging, thou-shalt-not approach in favor of a how-to discussion of good laboratory and industrial practice. It is focused on hazards (and remedies) that might be encountered in the use of instrumentation. Among the new topics introduced in this edition are:• Photoacoustic spectroscopy.• Cryogenic NMR probes and actively shielded magnets.• The nature of mixtures (in the context of separations).• Troubleshooting and leaks in high vacuum systems such as mass spectrometers.• Instrumentation laboratory safety.• Standard reference materials and standard reference data.In addition, the authors have included many instrument manufacturer's websites, which contain extensive resources. We have also included many government websites and a discussion of resources available from National Measurement Laboratories in all industrialized countries. Students are introduced to standard methods and protocols developed by regulatory agencies and consensus standards organizations in this context as well.