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Moving Particle Semi-implicit Method: A Meshfree Particle Method for Fluid Dynamics begins by familiarizing the reader with basic theory that supports their journey through sections on advanced MPH methods. The unique insights that this method provides include fluid-structure interaction, non-Newtonian flow, and cavitation, making it relevant to a wide range of applications in the mechanical, structural, and nuclear industries, and in bioengineering. Co-authored by the originator of the MPS method, this book is the most authoritative guide available. It will be of great value to students, academics and researchers in industry. - Presents the differences between MPH and SPH, helping readers choose between methods for different purposes - Provides pieces of computer code that readers can use in their own simulations - Includes the full, extended algorithms - Explores the use of MPS in a range of industries and applications, including practical advice

The Material Point Method: A Continuum-Based Particle Method for Extreme Loading Cases systematically introduces the theory, code design, and application of the material point method, covering subjects such as the spatial and temporal discretization of MPM, frequently-used strength models and equations of state of materials, contact algorithms in MPM, adaptive MPM, the hybrid/coupled material point finite element method, object-oriented programming of MPM, and the application of MPM in impact, explosion, and metal forming. Recent progresses are also stated in this monograph, including improvement of efficiency, memory storage, coupling/combination with the finite element method, the contact algorithm, and their application to problems. - Provides a user's guide and several numerical examples of the MPM3D-F90 code that can be downloaded from a website - Presents models that describe different types of material behaviors, with a focus on extreme events. - Includes applications of MPM and its extensions in extreme events, such as transient crack propagation, impact/penetration, blast, fluid-structure interaction, and biomechanical responses to extreme loading

This is the first-ever book on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and its variations, covering the theoretical background, numerical techniques, code implementation issues, and many novel and interesting applications.It contains many appealing and practical examples, including free surface flows, high explosive detonation and explosion, underwater explosion and water mitigation of explosive shocks, high velocity impact and penetration, and multiple scale simulations coupled with the molecular dynamics method. An SPH source code is provided, making this a friendly book for readers and SPH users.

This book addresses selected aspects of steel-deformation modelling, both at very high temperatures and under the conditions in which the liquid and the solid phases coexist. Steel-deformation modelling with its simultaneous solidification is particularly difficult due to its specificity and complexity. With regard to industrial applications and the development of new, integrated continuous casting and rolling processes, the issues related to modelling are becoming increasingly important. Since the numerous industrial tests that are necessary when traditional methods are used to design the process of continuous casting immediately followed by rolling are expensive, new modelling concepts have been sought. Comprehensive tests were applied to solve problems related to the deformation of steel with a semi-solid core. Physical tests using specialist laboratory instruments (Gleeble 3800thermo-mechanical simulator, NANOTOM 180 N computer tomography, Zwick Z250 testing equipment, 3D blue-light scanning systems), and advanced mathematical modelling (finite element method (FEM), SPH smoothed particle method, cellular automata method CA) were used. This book presents in detail a modelling concept for steel deformation in the semi-solid state based on an approach integrating physical and computer simulations with a full or partial information exchange between these areas.

A simplified approach to Malliavin calculus adapted to Poisson random measures is developed and applied in this book. Called the “lent particle method” it is based on perturbation of the position of particles. Poisson random measures describe phenomena involving random jumps (for instance in mathematical finance) or the random distribution of particles (as in statistical physics). Thanks to the theory of Dirichlet forms, the authors develop a mathematical tool for a quite general class of random Poisson measures and significantly simplify computations of Malliavin matrices of Poisson functionals. The method gives rise to a new explicit calculus that they illustrate on various examples: it consists in adding a particle and then removing it after computing the gradient. Using this method, one can establish absolute continuity of Poisson functionals such as Lévy areas, solutions of SDEs driven by Poisson measure and, by iteration, obtain regularity of laws. The authors also give applications to error calculus theory. This book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of stochastic analysis and finance, and in the domain of statistical physics. Professors preparing courses on these topics will also find it useful. The prerequisite is a knowledge of probability theory.

the solution or its gradient. These new discretization techniques are promising approaches to overcome the severe problem of mesh-generation. Furthermore, the easy coupling of meshfree discretizations of continuous phenomena to dis­ crete particle models and the straightforward Lagrangian treatment of PDEs via these techniques make them very interesting from a practical as well as a theoretical point of view. Generally speaking, there are two different types of meshfree approaches; first, the classical particle methods [104, 105, 107, 108] and second, meshfree discretizations based on data fitting techniques [13, 39]. Traditional parti­ cle methods stem from physics applications like Boltzmann equations [3, 50] and are also of great interest in the mathematical modeling community since many applications nowadays require the use of molecular and atomistic mod­ els (for instance in semi-conductor design). Note however that these methods are Lagrangian methods; i. e., they are based On a time-dependent formulation or conservation law and can be applied only within this context. In a particle method we use a discrete set of points to discretize the domain of interest and the solution at a certain time. The PDE is then transformed into equa­ tions of motion for the discrete particles such that the particles can be moved via these equations. After time discretization of the equations of motion we obtain a certain particle distribution for every time step.

Stochastic numerical methods play an important role in large scale computations in the applied sciences. The first goal of this book is to give a mathematical description of classical direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) procedures for rarefied gases, using the theory of Markov processes as a unifying framework. The second goal is a systematic treatment of an extension of DSMC, called stochastic weighted particle method. This method includes several new features, which are introduced for the purpose of variance reduction (rare event simulation). Rigorous convergence results as well as detailed numerical studies are presented.

This book aims to engage “Young Science – Talented & Ambitious” for a lasting collaboration to advance holistic mathematical modeling of “how the body works” in variant surroundings. The book sets road signs to mathematics in body's vital, physical, and cognitive functions, as well as to factors of health impact in person's environmental and social settings. It showcases selected current research in mathematical and biological theory, mathematical models at molecular, organism, and population levels as well as engineering, imaging, and data sciences methodologies, including bio-informatics and machine learning applications. For overarching theory, evaluation of surrogate structures with category theory, multi-scale whole-body dynamics by separation of functional organization from cellular material as well as mathematical axioms matching classic principles of philosophy in traditional Chinese medicine are introduced. Interested are systems-oriented researchers in all sciences related to human health who seek new profile-shaping challenges in transdisciplinary collaboration.

The book provides a strong platform for delineating the complex mechanism underlying cancer therapeutics along with the therapies countering drug resistance. It describes tumor angiogenesis and cancer metastasis, oncogenes and oncogenesis. It covers natural phytochemicals and herbal nanomedicines. It includes the recent advances in nanocomposite films and SiRNA-mediated drug delivery. Cancer biology, mechanistic insight and therapeutics. Valuable source about nanomedicine design, nano-based drug delivery systems and approaches for cancer therapy.

Numerical Methods for Strong Nonlinearities in Mechanics deals with recent advances in the numerical treatment of contact/friction and damage phenomena. Although physically distinct, these phenomena both lead to a strong nonlinearity in the mechanical problem, therefore limiting the regularity of the problem, which is now non-differentiable. This has two direct consequences: on the one hand, the mathematical characteristics of the problem deviate from wellestablished forms, requiring innovative discretization schemes; on the other hand, the low regularity makes it particularly difficult to solve the corresponding large-scale algebraic systems robustly and efficiently. In addition, neither the uniqueness, nor the existence of solutions, remain assured, resulting in bifurcation points, limit loads and structural instabilities, which are always tricky to overcome numerically.

This unique compendium comprehensively covers several important topics related to the field of maritime hydraulics, particularly the underlying physics in the wave structure interaction with the coastal structures, coastal and inland flooding during extreme events in addition to perineal erosion. These topics are well understood through physical and numerical modelling, in which the scale effects, proving the models and its range of applicability are vividly discussed.This useful reference text serves as a guide to engineers, planners, researchers, decision makers and graduate students working in the field of coastal, estuarine and harbor engineering.

This book collects the selected papers of the XIV Congress of the International Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment held in Chengdu, Sichuan, China from September 21st - 27th, 2023, with the theme of Engineering Geology for a Habitable Earth. The meeting proceedings analyses the dynamic role of engineering geology in our changing world. The congress is expected to enhance the inter-disciplinary research development of international engineering geology and the environment, and contribute to the advancement of major projects, ecological progress, and habitable earth with in-depth discussion in the area of engineering geology and global climate change, geological hazard assessment and prevention, geotechnical properties of rock and soil mass, engineering geology and the environmental issues concerning marine, transportation, urban and ecological environment protection, engineering geology and resilience engineering construction, intelligent engineering geology, and new theories, methods, and techniques in engineering geology.

In the evolving market of product design, the optimization of surface patterns is a crucial factor in determining the functionality of future products. However, despite numerous surface designs introduced in recent years, the field remains significantly underdeveloped. The absence of systematic and well-defined methodologies for generating deterministic topologies has turned the design of surfaces into more of an art than a precise science. This deficiency is further exacerbated by a dominant design culture that attempts to tame nature rather than establish harmonious coexistence within the Man Engineered Systems Domain (MESD). The challenge lies in the lack of a holistic surface design methodology that can merge function, form, and topography to produce optimized constructs capable of efficient operation within an envelope of constraints. Bio-Locomotion Interfaces and Biologization Potential in 4-D Printing is a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced in biomimetic surface design. This groundbreaking book recognizes the underdeveloped state of the field and proposes a trans-disciplinary approach that seamlessly integrates engineering, physics, and biology. It addresses the need for a new surface design methodology, emphasizing the importance of generating bio-inspired functional surfaces in MESD. Unlike existing approaches that rely on mere bio-mimicry, this book delves into the core of design generation, emphasizing the implementation of design rules rather than the replication of natural constructions. It is the ultimate guide for scholars seeking to bridge the gap between biology and engineering and acquire the methodologies needed to deduce design rules and construct deterministic surfaces inspired by bio-analogues. The book systematically navigates through the fundamentals of surface metrology, the elements of surface design on natural surfaces, and the implications for surface customization. Each chapter is meticulously crafted to provide scholars with a solid foundation, covering topics from thermodynamics and friction to the customization of surfaces for friction and the potential of bio-inspiration in additive manufacturing. Bio-Locomotion Interfaces and Biologization Potential in 4-D Printing is not just a book; it is a roadmap for academic scholars, offering a transformative journey where art meets science, and nature harmoniously coexists with engineering ingenuity.

This book focuses on landslide hazard mapping, identification of site-specific drivers of landslide occurrence, and assessment of landslide susceptibility, vulnerability, risk and mitigation using advanced techniques and approaches. The book encompasses the use of geospatial technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, and advanced statistical models to explore multi-dimensionality of landslide hazard. The book is a synthesis of research papers presented at the National Conference on Landslide Risk Assessment and Mitigation in India, organized by the Department of Geography, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, 01–02 November 2022. The book is organized into four parts made up of 21 chapters. Part I deals with landslide hazard mapping. Part II covers landslide susceptibility mapping and assessment. Part III evaluates landslide risk. Finally, Part IV presents multi-disciplinary approach and holistic mechanism to devise landslide mitigation strategies. The chapters help better understand the intertwined physical processes, causes of landslides, potential risk factors, movement characteristics, and role of engineering and technology to minimize upcoming human, physical and economic losses. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, academicians, stakeholders, and policy makers.

This book presents the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Monte Carlo and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods in Scientific Computing that was held in Linz, Austria, and organized by the Johannes Kepler University Linz and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, in July 2022. These biennial conferences are major events for Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo researchers. The proceedings include articles based on invited lectures as well as carefully selected contributed papers on all theoretical aspects and applications of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods. Offering information on the latest developments in these highly active areas, this book is an excellent reference resource for theoreticians and practitioners interested in solving high-dimensional computational problems, in particular arising in finance, statistics and computer graphics.

This unique volume covers two fundamental elements of computational methods — numbers and functions. It provides an in-depth discussion of the behaviors of numbers, including both real and complex numbers. The discussion leads to the important closure properties of numbers, ensuring solution consistence and existence, and also possible failure in numerical computations in science and engineering.This text then introduces types of functions that take numbers as independent variables and produce a single number. Approaches for constructing inverse functions are also provided. Frequently used basis functions are introduced, with detailed studies on their properties and behaviors. Techniques are presented for constructing basis functions and their use in function approximation in computational methods.

Injuries due to air turbulence has increased recently, therefore there is considerable concern and interest in understanding and detecting it more accurately. Presently hardly any research deals with air turbulence detection using remote sensing images. Most works use conventional optical remote sensing data with classical methods such as a library spectral signature, band ratio, and principal component analysis without designating new methods and technology. Very little research has attempted to implement optical and microwave remote sensing images for air turbulence detections.This book provides new image processing procedures for air turbulence detection using advanced remote sensing images and quantum image processing. Currently, there is a huge gap between research work in the field of air turbulence detection and advanced remote sensing technology. Most of the theories are not operated in terms of software modules. Most of the software packages in the field of remote sensing images cannot deal with advanced image processing techniques in air turbulence detections due to heavy mathematics work. In this view, this book fills a gap between advanced remote sensing technology and air turbulence detection. For instance, quantum image processing with a new generation of remote sensing technology such as RADARSAT-2 SAR images is also implemented to provide accurate air turbulence detections.

This book gathers contributions on a variety of flowing collective systems. While primarily focusing on pedestrian dynamics, it also reflects the latest developments in areas such as vehicular traffic and granular flows and addresses related emerging topics such as self-propelled particles, data transport, swarm behaviour, intercellular transport, and individual interactions to complex systems. Combining fundamental research and practical applications in the various fields discussed, the book offers a valuable asset for researchers and professionals in areas such as civil and transportation engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, physics, computer science, and mathematics.

Unveiling improvements in the nonlocal theory of the Peridynamics, this book brings recent developments and new extensions to the standard Peridynamic method, making it capable of solving shell-like structures, while keeping its character of a strong formulation based on the interactions between pairs of material points, called “Peridynamic bonds”. The proposed formulation is a natural extension of the standard continuum Peridynamics, allowing thin structures to be modelled using only one layer of particles at the mid-surface of the structure, contrary to the standard continuum Peridynamics. The book navigates the mechanics formulation of the Peridynamic Timoshenko beam and Reissner-Mindlin plate and presents breakthrough strategies for shear-locking in thin structures. Enhanced methods are introduced for analysing fibre-reinforced composites, offering precision in predicting damage patterns in composite structures when subjected to low and moderate velocity impacts.

This book is a collection of papers presented at the 14th International Conference on the Mechanical Behavior of Materials (ICM-14) held in Santiago, Chile, July 12–14, 2023. The mechanical properties of materials play a critical role in industrial and economic development. Advances in this field present significant challenges for current researchers in both industry and academia. The topics covered include mechanics of materials at the nano- and macro-scale, including metals, composites, ceramics, computational mechanics, dynamics, material processing, optimization, and biomechanics. The scope of materials of interest includes both industrial materials and those under development or used in specific applications. Some specific subjects include general mechanical behavior and constitutive models, mathematical modeling of materials, nano- and micro-mechanics, plasticity, computational mechanics, computational materials design, optimization of structures and materials, multi-scale modeling, and various specific materials such as biomaterials, high-temperature materials, and composites.

The book explains basic ideas behind several kinds of applied multi-objective optimization and shows how it will be applied in practical contexts in the domain of healthcare, engineering design, and manufacturing. The book discusses how meta-heuristic algorithms are successful in resolving challenging, multi-objective optimization issues in various disciplines, including engineering, economics, medical and environmental management. The topic is useful for graduates, researchers and lecturers in optimization, engineering, management science and computer science.

This book serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on data analysis and statistical analysis. It covers fundamental operations in Excel, such as table components, formula bar, and ribbon, and introduces visualization techniques and PDE derivation using Excel. It also provides an overview of Google Colab, including code and text cells, and explores visualization and deep learning applications.Key features of the book include topics like statistical analysis, regression analysis, optimization, correlation analysis, and neural networks. It adopts a practical approach by providing examples and step-by-step instructions for learners to apply the techniques to real-world problems.The book also highlights the strengths and features of both Excel and Google Colab, allowing learners to leverage the capabilities of each platform. The clear explanations of concepts, visual aids, and code snippets aid comprehension help learners understand the principles of data analysis and statistical analysis. Overall, this book serves as a valuable resource for professionals, researchers, and students seeking to develop skills in data analysis, regression statistics, optimization, and advanced modeling techniques using Excel, Colab, and neural networks.

This unique compendium presents the Gradient Smoothing Methods (GSMs), as a general solver for linear and nonlinear PDEs (Partial Differential Equations) with a focus on fluids and flowing solids.The volume introduces the basic concepts and theories of the gradient smoothing technique used in the GSMs. Formulations for both Eulerian-GSM and Lagrangian-GSM are presented. The key ingredients of GSMs and its effectiveness in solving challenging fluid/solid flow problems with complex geometries are then discussed.Applications of GSM are highlighted, including compressible and incompressible flows, hydrodynamics with flexible free surface, and flowing solids with material strength and large deformation in geotechnical engineering, in particular, landslide simulations.In-house MATLAB codes are provided for both Eulerian and Lagrangian GSMs, along with detailed descriptions. More efficient FORTRAN source codes for solving complex engineering problems are also available on Github.

Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences: Methods, Models and Applications provides cutting-edge theory and applications of modern-day artificial intelligence and data science in the Earth, environment, and planetary science fields. The book is divided into three sections: (i) Methods, covering the fundamentals of intelligence systems, along with an introduction to the preparation of datasets; (ii) Models, detailing model development, data assimilation, and techniques in each field; and (iii) Applications, presenting case studies of artificial intelligence and data science solutions to Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences problems, as well as future perspectives. Intelligence Systems for Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences will be of interest to students, academics, and postgraduate professionals in the field of applied sciences, Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences and would also serve as an excellent companion resource to courses studying artificial intelligence applications for theoretical and practical studies in Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences. - Facilitates the application of artificial intelligence and data science systems to create comprehensive methodologies for analyzing, processing, predicting, and management strategies in the fields of Earth, environment, and planetary science - Developed with an interdisciplinary framework, with an aim to promote artificial intelligence models for real-time Earth systems - Includes a section on case studies of artificial intelligence and data science solutions to Earth, environmental, and planetary sciences problems, as well as future perspectives

This book focuses on discrete element methods for arbitrarily shaped granular materials, including super-quadric models, spherical harmonic functions and level set methods, and numerical analysis of the flow characteristics of non-spherical granular materials. This book is used as a reference book for scientific researchers engaged in dynamic analysis of granular materials and optimal design of equipment structures in the fields of engineering mechanics, applied physics, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering, as well as for graduate students or senior undergraduates of related majors in institutions of higher education.

Invisible Digital helps us makes sense of something we cannot see by presenting an innovative approach to digital images and digital culture. At its heart is a novel method for exploring software used in the creation of moving images as markers of converging cultural, organizational and technological influences. The three main case studies of Invisible Digital are the animated feature Moana (2016) and the computer games No Man's Sky (2016) and Everything (2017). All three were created using procedural techniques: simulation software for Moana, and procedural content generation for No Man's Sky and Everything. Production culture disclosures associated with procedural techniques often emphasize the influences of automated systems and their algorithms, making them ideal for a study that interrogates digital processes. The approach of Invisible Digital is informed by relational theories and the concept of entanglement based on materialist perspectives, combined with insights from work that more explicitly interrogates algorithms and algorithmic culture. Aylish Wood employs the notion of assemblages to introduce the concept of material-cultural narratives. Using this conceptual framework, she draws out material-cultural narratives for each case study to demonstrate what they reveal about software and digital culture. These analyses of software provide a widely applicable method through which moving image studies can contribute more fully to the wider and growing debates about algorithmic culture.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 24th IFIP WG 5.4 International TRIZ Future Conference on AI-Powered Innovation and Inventive Design, TFC 2024, held in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, during November 6–8, 2024. The 42 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 72 submissions. They were organized in the following topical sections: Part I - AI-Driven TRIZ and Innovation Part II - Sustainable and Industrial Design with TRIZ; Digital Transformation, Industry 4.0, and Predictive Analytics; Interdisciplinary and Cognitive Approaches in TRIZ; Customer Experience and Service Innovation with TRIZ.

This book presents select proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG 2024). It includes papers on ground improvement methodologies, dynamics of transportation infrastructure, and geotechnical intricacies of mega projects. It covers topics such as underground transportation systems and heights of airfields and pavements. This book discusses diverse thematic landscapes, offering profound explorations into sensor technologies, data analytics, and machine learning applications. The publication highlights advanced practices, latest developments, and efforts to foster collaboration, innovation, and sustainable solutions for transportation infrastructure worldwide. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in transportation geotechnics.

The application of microwaves has been a major advancement in food processing over the past 50 years, and yet to date there have been very few publications focusing exclusively on microwave processing and none covering the latest technological and theoretical advances. Microwave Processing of Foods: Challenges, Advances and Prospects fills this gap by covering all aspects of the microwave processing of foods including the latest novel advances in this fast-moving subject area. This text presents multidisciplinary views of novel microwave systems, novel process modeling, engineering and design, as well as practical approaches on methodology and findings regarding the effect of microwave on the food quality and process safety. The volume comprises several chapters on the newest processing and machinery aspects, engineering design and process modeling, process safety and novel processes based on full or partial application of microwave in food processing. This book also considers economic aspects, food quality issues and future trends of microwave application in the food industry. Each chapter in this text functions as a critical review, presenting the current state of knowledge based on the personal experience of the authors and the current state of published research in one particular area of food processing. While the main focus is on processing, the physical principles and the chemical and microbiological basis of the process are also covered, plus the impact of the technology on the quality and safety of food. This book presents a comprehensive and fully up-to-date reference on the principles and applications of microwave processing of food products.

Despite the growing emphasis on energy efficiency in building design, our indoor environments often fall short of providing optimal conditions for health and well-being. Indoor air quality, temperature, and lighting levels play crucial roles in occupant health, yet they are frequently overlooked in building practices. This oversight leads to environments that can harm health, contributing to respiratory problems, allergies, and reduced productivity. Design Strategies for Efficient and Sustainable Building Facilities offers a comprehensive solution. We delve into recent advances in building design, construction, and operation that prioritize energy efficiency and occupant health. By incorporating intelligent sensors, automation systems, and renewable energy sources like solar and wind power, buildings can be transformed into healthy, sustainable spaces that promote well-being. This book is tailored for researchers, professionals, university professors, and master's and doctoral students who seek to advance sustainable building practices. By exploring topics such as thermal comfort, air quality monitoring, and sustainable materials, readers will gain valuable insights into creating buildings that reduce environmental impact and enhance the health and well-being of occupants. Together, we can reshape the future of building practices, creating environments that nurture both people and the planet.

This book includes peer-reviewed articles from the Third World Conference on Floating Solutions WCFS 2023 Japan with an aim to pioneer the SDGs and Next SDGs by making the most use of oceans and water. In recent years, the safety and security of people's lives around the world have been threatened by frequent floods and rising sea levels attributable to climate change. The COP 26 has set a common global goal of limiting the temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. It is an urgent task to cope with climate change as well as to utilize decarbonized and renewable energy. The UN is promoting the SDGs which aim to achieve 17 Goals between 2015 and 2030. However, efforts to reach the Goals will not end in 2030 but will be an ongoing challenge for humanity beyond 2030. Here, we tentatively call the Goals to be achieved after the SDGs as'Next SDGs.'Ocean and water have the potential to provide solutions to the disasters such as flooding and sea level rise due to climate change. In this context, WCFS 2023 presents ocean and water as the urban infrastructure and explores new technology and feasible solutions. In particular, it is necessary to consider urban planning, marine architecture, port planning connecting land and sea, disaster prevention, renewable energy, and food production on the sea and water. Further, it is indispensable that knowledge, experience, dream, and strong desire to realize these challenges are supported by a diversity of people.

Exosome Communication: Advances in Research and Therapeutics for Health and Disease serves as a crucial reference for pharmaceutical scientists, focusing on the key qualities of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles. Exosomes are intracellular membrane-based vesicles with diverse compositions, offering significant advantages over traditional drug delivery systems such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, due to their nonimmunogenic nature. This book provides a comprehensive exploration of exosomes, starting with their history and development, understanding extracellular vesicles and biogenesis, and techniques for isolation and characterization. This book also addresses critical considerations like quality control, heterogeneity reduction, regulatory and ethical aspects, clinical trials, and scale-up manufacturing. - Comprehensive Coverage: Detailed exploration of the research history, development, and different isolation techniques of exosomes. - Therapeutic Applications: In-depth discussion of the diverse therapeutic applications of exosomes in health and disease. - Development Challenges: Insightful analysis of the challenges for the development of exosome nanovesicle-based formulations for drug delivery.

This book gathers the proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Civil Engineering and Buildings Services (CIBv), held in Brașov, Romania on November 2-3, 2023. It covers highly diverse topics such as structural analysis and optimization, concrete, steel and timber structures, computer aided design of structures, railways, roads and bridges, geotechnics and foundations, experimental methods in the investigation of structures, new and improved building materials, risk assessment of natural hazards, advanced energy design for HVAC installations, energy performance of buildings, and efficient buildings. Written by leading researchers and engineers, and selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, the contributions highlight numerous exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations.

This book presents select proceedings of the 67th Congress of the Indian Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics (ISTAM-2022). The content includes chapters on topics such as fluid mechanics, aerospace dynamics, atmospheric sciences and oceanography, geophysical environmental fluid dynamics, biomechanics, computational fluid dynamics, experimental methods in fluid dynamics, mathematical modelling, statistical mechanics, computational solid mechanics, experimental method in solid mechanics, mechanics of composites, and robotics and control. The book will be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in applied and computational mechanics and allied fields.

Mathematical methods in engineering are characterized by a wide range of techniques for approaching various problems. Moreover, completely different analysis techniques can be applied to the same problem, which is justified by the difference in specific applications. Therefore, the study of the analyses and solutions of specific problems leads the researcher to generate their own techniques for the analysis of similar problems continuously arising in the process of technical development. Computational Methods and Mathematical Modeling in Cyberphysics and Engineering Applications contains solutions to specific problems in current areas of computational engineering and cyberphysics.

This book is a collection of the best peer-reviewed papers presented at the ninth Asian joint workshop on thermophysics and fluid science organized in Utsunomiya, Japan, in November 2022. The book is a valuable addition to the conference series started in the year 2006, with contents that include the research outputs from Asian countries—India, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea. Some of the papers are collaborative efforts by academicians from these countries. The book provides an overview of recent research in the fields of fluid and thermal engineering. The chapters in the book deal with research problems on aerodynamics, propulsion, transonic and supersonic flows, aero-acoustics, fluid dynamics, thermodynamics, combustion, heat and mass transfer, and turbomachinery. Analytical, experimental, and numerical approaches are employed in the chapters. This volume will benefit academicians, researchers, and students working on research problems in thermal and fluid sciences.

Heat Exchangers: Mechanical Design, Materials Selection, Nondestructive Testing, and Manufacturing Methods, Third Edition covers mechanical design of pressure vessels and shell and tube heat exchangers, including bolted flange joint design, as well as selection of a wide spectrum of materials for heat exchanger construction, their physical properties, corrosion behavior, and fabrication methods like welding.Discussing the basics of quality control, the book includes ISO Standards for QMS, and references modern quality concepts such as Kaizen, TPM, and TQM. It presents Six Sigma and Lean tools, for heat exchangers manufacturing industries. The book explores heat exchanger manufacturing methods such as fabrication of shell and tube heat exchangers and brazing and soldering of compact heat exchangers.The book serves as a useful reference for researchers, graduate students, and engineers in the field of heat exchanger design, including pressure vessel manufacturers.

This book gathers the latest research, innovations, and applications in the field of civil engineering, as presented by leading national and international academics, researchers, engineers, and postgraduate students at the AWAM International Conference on Civil Engineering 2022 (AICCE'22), held in Penang, Malaysia on February 15-17, 2022. The book covers highly diverse topics in the main fields of civil engineering, including structural and earthquake engineering, environmental engineering, geotechnical engineering, highway and transportation engineering, water resources engineering, and geomatic and construction management. In line with the conference theme, “Sustainability And Resiliency: Re-Engineering the Future”, which relates to the United Nations'17 Global Goals for Sustainable Development, it highlights important elements in the planning and development stages to establish design standards beneficial to the environment and its surroundings. The contributions introduce numerousexciting ideas that spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaborations between various specialists in the field of civil engineering.This book is part of a 3-volume series of these conference proceedings, it represents Volume 3 in the series.

GSP 353 contains 41 peer-reviewed papers on geotechnical systems presented at Geo-Congress 2024, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, February 25–28, 2024.

GSP 352 contains 53 peer-reviewed papers on geotechnical data analysis and computation presented at Geo-Congress 2024, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, February 25–28, 2024.

Enriched Numerical Techniques: Implementation and Applications explores recent advances in enriched numerical techniques, including the extended finite element method, meshfree methods, extended isogeometric analysis and coupled numerical techniques. Techniques for implementation and programming issues are discussed, with other sections discussing applications for enriched numerical techniques in solving a range of engineering problems. The level set methodologies for complex shaped irregularities is presented, as are enriched numerical methodologies for various complex and advanced problems such as Nonlinear Structural Analysis, Fracture and Fatigue in Structures, Elasto-Plastic Crack Growth, Large Deformation Analysis, Frictional Contact Problems, Thermo-Mechanical Problems, Fluid Flow Investigations, Composite Materials and Bio-mechanics. - Features explanations on how to use enriched numerical techniques to model problems in fracture mechanics, continuum mechanics, fluid flow, and biomechanics - Explains methods through the use of worked examples throughout - Provides practical advice on how to tackle programming issues

The urgent need for sustainable solutions to combat climate change and promote environmental stewardship has reached a critical juncture in our rapidly changing world. As industries grapple with the consequences of unchecked carbon emissions and a growing waste crisis, academic scholars, researchers, and professionals face an ever-increasing demand for innovative approaches. The transition from petroleum-derived materials to eco-friendly alternatives, along with the establishment of a recycling-oriented society, presents a complex challenge that demands immediate attention and action. Building a Low-Carbon Society Through Applied Environmental Materials Science is a transformative book that stands as a beacon of hope and knowledge for those seeking answers to the pressing environmental issues of our time. It offers a comprehensive roadmap to navigate the intricate web of low-carbon technologies and materials science. Through a collection of meticulously curated chapters, this book empowers readers with the insights, ideas, and innovations needed to address the challenges head-on. Crafted for academic scholars, university students, and corporate engineers, Building a Low-Carbon Society Through Applied Environmental Materials Science brings a solution and a profound understanding of the current state of environmental materials science, equipping readers with the tools to drive change in their respective fields. This book not only identifies the problems but also offers practical, forward-thinking solutions to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable and eco-conscious future. Join us on this transformative journey as we redefine our relationship with the environment and pave the way for a low-carbon, recycling-oriented society in harmony with nature using methods backed by scientific evidence.

This three-volume book gathers peer-reviewed papers presented at the 21st International Conference on Geometry and Graphics (ICGG 2024), held in Kitakyushu, Japan, from 5 to 9 August 2024. The conference started in 1978 and is promoted by the International Society for Geometry and Graphics, which aims to foster international collaboration and stimulate the scientific research and teaching methodology in the fields of Geometry and Graphics. The ICGG 2024 covered the following five topics taken over from ICGG 2022: Theoretical Graphics and Geometry; Applied Geometry and Graphics; Engineering Computer Graphics; Graphics Education; Geometry and Graphics in History, to which a new section of Related Topics was added in response to the growing body of research on Geometry and Graphics. Volume 3 collects papers on two of these topics, Engineering Computer Graphics and Geometry and Graphics in History, as well as poster papers on all these topics. Given its breadth of coverage, the book will introduce engineers, architects, and designers interested in computer applications, graphics, and geometry to the latest advances in the field, with a particular focus on science, the arts, and mathematics education.

This book presents peer-reviewed contributions from the MICCAI 2023 Computational Biomechanics for Medicine CBM XVIII Workshop held in conjunction with the 26th International MICCAI Conference. The content focuses on applications of computational biomechanics to computer-integrated medicine, which includes medical image computing, application of machine learning in image analysis and biomechanics, atlas based biomechanical simulations, novel algorithms of computational biomechanics and experimental methods for analysis of disease and injury mechanisms. The book details state-of-the-art progress in the above fields to researchers, students, and professionals.

‘Geotechnical Engineering Challenges to Meet Current and Emerging Needs of Society'includes the papers presented at the XVIII European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (Lisbon, Portugal, August 26 to 30th, 2024). The papers aim to contribute to a better understanding of problems and solutions of geotechnical nature, as well as to a more adequate management of natural resources. Case studies are included to better disseminate the success and failure of Geotechnical Engineering practice. The peer-reviewed articles of these proceedings address the six main topics: New developments on structural design Geohazards Risk analysis and safety evaluation Current and new construction methods Environment, water, and energy Future city world vision With contributions from academic researchers and industry practitioners from Europe and abroad, this collection of conference articles features an interesting and wide-ranging combination of innovation, emerging technologies and case histories, and will be of interest to academics and professionals in Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering.

River Flow 2022 includes the keynote lecture and contributed papers presented at River Flow 2022, the 11th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (8-10 November 2022, Kingston and Ottawa, Canada; held virtually).River Flow 2022 provides an overview of the latest experimental, theoretical and computational findings on fundamental river flow and transport processes, river morphology and morphodynamics, while covering also issues related to the effects of hydraulic structures on flow regime, river morphology and ecology; sustainable river engineering practices (including stream restoration and re-naturalization); and effects of climate change including extreme flood events. The book presents the state-of-the-art in river research and engineering, and is aimed at academics and practitioners in hydraulics, hydrology and environmental engineering.

With the continued improvements in computing power and digital information availability, we are witnessing the increasing use of high-performance computers to enhance simulations for the forecasting of hazards, disasters, and responses. This major reference work summarizes the theories, analysis methods, and computational results of various earthquake simulations by the use of supercomputers. It covers simulations in the fields of seismology, physical geology, earthquake engineering — specifically the seismic response of structures — and the socioeconomic impact of post-earthquake recovery on cities and societies. Individual chapters address phenomena such as earthquake cycles and plate boundary behavior, tsunamis, structural response to strong ground motion, and post-disaster traffic flow and economic activity. The methods used for these simulations include finite element methods, discrete element methods, smoothed particle hydrodynamics, and multi-agent models, among others.The simulations included in this book provide an effective bird's-eye view of cutting-edge simulations enhanced with high-performance computing for earthquake occurrence, earthquake damage, and recovery from the damage, combining three of the major fields of earthquake studies: earth science, earthquake engineering, and disaster-mitigation-related social science. The book is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduates, and researchers in these fields.

This book introduces a unified implementation of bond- and state-based peridynamic theory (PD) within a commercial finite element framework, Ansys, utilizing its native elements. It details the implementation of the PD theory and its integration with traditional finite elements. The primary objective is to equip students, researchers, and practicing engineers with both theoretical and practical knowledge of the PD theory, along with the skills necessary for analyzing engineering problems using Ansys. The book demonstrates that, unlike the conventional finite element method (FEM), the PD theory is highly suitable for progressive failure analysis, the multi-scale analysis of materials involving fracture and failure, and multi-physics analysis, including electromigration, corrosion, and electrodeposition. Additionally, it provides a step-by-step illustration of the specific procedures in the pre-processing, solution, and post-processing phases of the analysis through the Graphical User Interface (GUI) for various applications. The book is designed to be introductory and self-contained, minimizing the need for additional reference material.

Researchers and scientists have invested a great deal of effort into developing computers and other devices to be more capable of doing a wider range of tasks. As a result, the potential of computers to do a wide range of tasks in different environments, at varying speeds, and in smaller forms is growing dramatically every day. Currently, there is a race to create robots or computers with human-level intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine or software to think like a human being. The study of the human brain, specifically how humans learn, make decisions, and react when trying to solve issues, is the basis of AI. The creation of intelligent software and systems, or intelligent computing (IC), is the outcome of AI studies. An IC system can perceive, reason, learn, and use language. In IC systems, AI and other cutting-edge techniques are employed to create system intelligence. IC has been applied to almost every area of computer science, including networking, software engineering, gaming, robotics, expert systems, natural language processing, computer vision, image processing, and data science. In modern times, IC is also employed to tackle a wide range of challenging issues in numerous disciplines, such as weather forecasting, agriculture science, medicine, and economics. This book offers the most recent advancements in both IC and AI for all these reasons.

This book presents peer reviewed articles from the 11th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2023). APAC aims to promote academic and technological progress and activities, international technical transfer and cooperation, and opportunities for engineers and researchers to maintain and improve scientific and technical competence in the field of coastal engineering and related fields, among Asian and Pacific countries/regions. Besides coastal engineering, related fields include but not limited to coastal environment, marine ecology, coastal oceanography, and fishery science and engineering. APAC is jointly supported by the Chinese Ocean Engineering Society (COES), the Coastal Engineering Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), and the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (KSCOE).Chapters'OILPARI - a real-time oil transport simulator for marine disaster response: Its functionary, update, and progresstoward the next generation,'Application of Building Cube Method to reproduce high-resolution hydrodynamics of a dredged borrow pit in Osaka Bay, Japan'and'Geographical Distribution and Recent Change in the Meteorological Event Causing the Annual Maximum Wave Height and Storm Surge around Japan'are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.