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The book provides a strong platform for delineating the complex mechanism underlying cancer therapeutics along with the therapies countering drug resistance. It describes tumor angiogenesis and cancer metastasis, oncogenes and oncogenesis. It covers natural phytochemicals and herbal nanomedicines. It includes the recent advances in nanocomposite films and SiRNA-mediated drug delivery. Cancer biology, mechanistic insight and therapeutics. Valuable source about nanomedicine design, nano-based drug delivery systems and approaches for cancer therapy.

The book comprises a series of contributions and case studies fused together around the concept and dynamics of innovation – product, process, systems, marketing, organisation, roles, relations, norms, values and policy. The underlying theme is innovation as necessarily transformative, where the transformation is in the economic system for a better world. That better world is one that is inclusive, efficient and meets the global challenges. To that end the tools of innovation, measurement (effects vis-à-vis outcomes) and the enabling financial mechanisms are examined, evaluated and change is explored.

This book provides an expert perspective, from some of the world's leading surgeons, on the papers that have had the greatest impact in the field of thyroid and parathyroid surgery over the past decade.The broad range of topics covered will enable the reader to understand how recent research developments have led to changes in current thyroid and parathyroid surgical practice and represents an excellent resource for trainees at all levels preparing for specialty examinations.This book contains: Concise review and analysis of key papers by expert clinicians with each chapter focused on the most important aspects of the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid disease Essential reading for students, residents, fellows and surgeons studying for their professional exams or wanting an update on the current thyroid and parathyroid surgery literature Critical distillation of the diverse and expanding research over a broad range of topics from this field that includes investigation and management of benign and malignant thyroid disease, primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, thyroid and parathyroid surgery and surgical complications Expert analysis of the key contemporary papers and topics underlying the practice of endocrine neck surgery for general surgeons, otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons, endocrine surgeons, trainees and other healthcare professionals

Dieses Buch ist eine kompakte klinische Einführung in die Lyme-Borreliose für Ärzte aller Fachrichtungen, die Patienten mit Verdacht auf B. burgdorferi-Infektion betreuen, sei es im Krankenhaus oder in der Allgemeinpraxis. Das Buch bietet viele praxisorientierte Informationen zu Symptomatik, Diagnose, Behandlung und Prophylaxe mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf der Situation in Europa. Gleichzeitig beschreibt es den aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand so detailliert, wie es für das Verständnis der pathogenetischen Zusammenhänge und deren Relevanz für die medizinische Versorgung erforderlich ist. Die Autoren sind Mitglieder einer interdisziplinären Expertengruppe von Epidemiologen, Biologen, Mikrobiologen und Klinikern, die seit vielen Jahren auf dem Gebiet der zeckenübertragenen Krankheiten tätig sind. Die persönliche Erfahrung jedes einzelnen Autors, die er durch die tägliche Arbeit mit Patienten in Spezialkliniken oder durch die Konfrontation mit komplizierten Fragen der Grundlagenforschung, Epidemiologie und Labordiagnostik der Lyme-Borreliose gesammelt hat, stellt eine wichtige Stütze des Buches dar. Aus dem Blickwinkel des klinischen Managements und der praktischen Problemlösung geschrieben, wird diese aktuelle Monographie den Kliniker bei der Bewältigung diagnostischer Herausforderungen und der angemessenen medizinischen Versorgung von Patienten mit Lyme-Borreliose unterstützen.

Biomarkers in Environmental and Human Health Biomonitoring: An Integrated Perspective provides a holistic view of the biomonitoring of environmental degradation, accumulated toxicity, and associated human health concerns. The book incorporates theoretical and practical aspects of the biomonitoring of environmental pollution and the health surveillance of ecological communities using samples from living organisms which are analyzed for contaminants and toxin levels. In the first half, the book provides a general overview if the different types of biomarkers, their significance as bioindicators for contaminants and detection of toxicity, as well as how they can be utilized in the restoration of degraded ecosystems. The second half of the book discusses molecular biomarkers and how they are used as diagnostic and prognostic tools for pollution monitoring. It also reviews analytical tools used to validate the biomarkers in the detection and monitoring of pollution and disease. Finally, the book delves into how novel approaches like genetic ecotoxicology; Big Data, and artificial intelligence calculates the potential consequences of environmental pollution on the ecosystems and on human health. - Covers the fundamentals, types, significance, and limitations of biomarkers - Examines various types of plants, animals, and secondary metabolites in identifying and monitoring toxicity in different ecosystems and potential impacts on health - Reviews biomarker-based and bioinformatic tools in the detection and monitoring of environmental pollution and associated human health

This atlas aims to provide the reader with comprehensive and structured knowledge of contemporary head and neck surgical procedures in patients with both benign and malignant diseases. The bulk of the atlas is devoted to the surgical management of malignant tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract, with a separate chapter focusing on each major anatomic subsite. All aspects of endoscopy are covered, as is surgery of the upper airway, including tracheostomy, laryngotracheal reconstruction and surgery for vocal cord paralysis. Thorough consideration is also given to procedures for the treatment of carotid body tumors, branchial arch anomalies, deep neck space infections, pharyngeal pouches, and benign disease of the thyroid, parathyroid, and salivary glands. A final chapter addresses in detail the reconstruction of surgical defects in the head and neck. Each chapter includes bespoke drawings and diagrams to illustrate specific technical points and surgical steps. The authors are leading head and neck surgeons from Europe, North America, India, Africa, and Australia. Readers seeking a better understanding of how to carry out surgical procedures in this anatomic region will find the atlas to be an invaluable aid.

This book provides a state-of-the-art review of the biology, treatment, and other critical aspects of neuroblastoma, reflecting the dramatic advances that have been achieved in understanding and management. Topics are arranged according to the book's dominant themes of the “seed” (tumor genomics, epigenetics, metabolism, and stem cells) and the “soil” (tumor microenvironment, adaptive and innate immunity, and exosomes) and how both of these influences can serve as rich targets for intervention, whether by targeted molecular therapy or immunotherapy. Therapeutic strategies that are currently in use or under consideration for the future are discussed in detail, with the focus on precision medicine. Further individual chapters are devoted to the biology and genetics of relapsed/refractory neuroblastoma and emerging methods of evaluating tumor burden. Finally, in keeping with the, albeit modest, increase in cure rates in high-risk disease, immune and cellular therapies are reviewed. This coverage of what is becoming a not-so-enigmatic tumor will appeal to a broad readership including both experimental oncologists and clinicians who care for patients with neuroblastoma.

Brain Tumors and Nanotechnology explores the complex world of brain tumors and the ground-breaking role that nanotechnology is playing in both detection and treatment. It offers comprehensive and up-to-date strategies in the treatment of brain tumors, with a special emphasis on the revolutionary impact of nanotechnology. It begins with an in-depth analysis of the anatomy of the brain and nervous system, highlighting the constituents of the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurons and glial cells. It also offers a thorough understanding of the intricate structure of the human brain, including the hemispheres, brainstem, diencephalon, and ventricular system. It then reveals the understanding of the complicated nature of brain tumors and the potential for nanotechnology to revolutionize their diagnosis and treatment. Brain Tumors and Nanotechnology will be a longstanding valuable resource for researchers, medical professionals, and students in the field.

Neurology is one of the most fascinating areas of medical science and general biology but it has traditionally been limited to some dedicated aspects only. However, modern neuroscience has embarked on exciting and diverse frontiers related to the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of neurological disease and nowadays, neurology has become multidisciplinary. There are many books available that deal with only one key concept of neurology but a book with a multidisciplinary approach is lacking so far.This book emphasizes all the conventional and applied divisions associated with neurology in reference to medical physiology and general biology and covers all aspects to integrate the topics of inter-related approaches. It provides complete information on each aspect of neurodegenerative disorders and brain injury, including autonomic nervous system, neuro-oncology, cerebellar ataxias, spinal cord disorders, neuro-ophthalmic disorders, and neuro-otological disorders such as dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, and hearing impairments, in a concise and informative way. It highlights the challenges related to neurological disorders along with their ongoing molecular mechanisms and treatments. The book provides simple and reader-friendly representations and artwork that will help in understanding the concepts.

This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Academic and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies has served as the definitive reference in the field of basic research in the epilepsies for five decades through four well-regarded editions. Since its inception, the book has been an indispensable must-read and belongs in the hands of every experimental epilepsy investigator, practicing epileptologist, clinical neuroscientist, and student for both clinical and basic science reference, doctoral and board exam preparation. This fifth edition is the most ambitious yet and remains the definitive reference in the field, providing encyclopedic and updated coverage of the current understanding of basic research in the epilepsies, while also mapping new research directions for the next decade, and reviewing how molecular laboratory evidence is now being translated into new therapeutics. In 79 chapters, the book considers the role of interactions between neurons, synapses, and glia in the initiation, spread, and arrest of seizures. It examines mechanisms of excitability, synchronization, seizure susceptibility and, ultimately, their contributions to epileptogenesis. It provides a framework for expanding the monogenic epilepsy genome and understanding the complex heredity responsible for common epilepsies. It explores the molecular and cellular disease mechanisms of ion channelopathies, developmental epilepsy genes, and progressive myoclonic epilepsies. It considers newly emerging mechanisms of epilepsy comorbidities. And, for the first time, it describes current efforts to identify biomarkers of disease progression and translate discoveries of epilepsy disease mechanisms into new therapeutic strategies at the frontier of molecular medicine.

This revised and expanded second edition provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of topics relating to head and neck and endocrine surgery, including: maxillofacial injuries, surgery of the scalp, surgery of the salivary glands, jaw tumors, surgery of the oral cavity (lips, tongue, floor of the mouth, and palate), swellings and ulcers of the face, inflammation in the neck, cervical lymphadenopathy, midline and lateral neck swellings, tumors of the pharynx, and endocrine surgery (thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, suprarenal glands, and neuroendocrine tumors). This second edition also includes additional and detailed chapters on thyroidectomy procedures, thyroid and parathyroid endocrine emergencies, thyroid and parathyroid disease during pregnancy, and thyroid and parathyroid transplantation. The coverage extends beyond surgical indications and procedures to encompass aspects such as anatomy, clinical presentation, and imaging diagnosis. With its clear structure, the book facilitates quick reference and will serve as a valuable tool for practitioners, as well as for upper-level graduate students.

Due to the lack of secure, efficient, and patient-friendly therapies for neurodegenerative disorders, there is a rising demand for innovative approaches. Despite the limited number of nanocarriers approved for human use, they have demonstrated significant potential in preclinical and, in some instances, clinical trials. In alignment with this objective, the chapters of the book are structured to offer a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in medication and dosage form development, specifically emphasizing the nanoparticulate system for targeting the brain. This book aims to furnish readers with a thorough understanding of the clinical application of nanocarrier systems for treating neurodegenerative disorders, encompassing the latest developments, challenges, safety concerns, toxicity issues, regulatory considerations, prospects, and limitations. Individuals in academia, the scientific community, business, and education seeking a more effective approach to target the brain will find valuable insights in this resource.Key Features Provides a comparative perspective of various nanocarrier systems, therefore facilitating the researcher's selection of appropriate nanoparticulate carriers Highlights the related restrictions of brain delivery and current available medicines Includes information on the advantages and disadvantages of various biomaterials utilized in the development of nanocarriers for brain targeting Emphasizes distinct facets of surface functionalization according to the brain area of interest Presents the current advances, preclinical and clinical development, and the future potential of multiple brain-targeting technologies

Comprehensive Hematology and Stem Cell Research is the first major reference to cover both stem cell research and therapy as well as the range of hematological disorders they are currently used to treat and may potentially be able to treat in the future. This five volume set includes fundamentals, such as the underlying mechanisms of the blood and immune system, highlighting blood disorders and cancers of the blood, including lymphoma, leukemia, and myeloma. Other sections cover stem cell research and therapy, from harvesting stem cells to their utilization in cancer treatments. Finally, the work looks to the future and explores newer stem cell research that may lead to future treatments. This book is an excellent resource for students at the graduate and post-graduate levels, academics, and researchers in the fields hematology, immunology and oncology. - Compiles foundational knowledge and breakthrough research into one concise, comprehensive reference - Takes a translational, bench-to-bedside approach to hematological disorders and stem cell therapies - Covers clinical applications of stem cells, advances in the field, and promising new research

​This open access book explores how legal proceedings in and out-of-court can be matched to the complex problems underlying disputes concerning child custody, residence and contact between parents. It focusses in particular on Nordic experiences of in and out-of-court mechanisms as means of resolving custody disputes. The contributors are internationally renowned and experienced researchers from the legal, psychological, and sociological fields who provide empirical as well as legal perspectives. They examine central legal, ethical and knowledge-based dilemmas in custody dispute proceedings. The findings speak to an international audience and suggest ways how to best realize the interests of the child. It transcends disciplinary, institutional, and jurisdictional boundaries in search of new knowledge.

Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set builds on the success of the first edition, providing neuroscience researchers with the ideal'one-stop'resource on all topics related to human brain understanding. Given the length of time since the first edition published, EHB2 is thoroughly revised, with substantial updates on many new and exciting topics, including areas such as human neuroimaging, non-invasive brain stimulation, molecular biology (including genetics and epigenetics), and the clinical diagnoses of brain disorders, along with chapters exploring the introduction of new theoretical and methodological ideas in areas ranging from cognitive neuroscience to evolution of the human brain. In total, there are 440 articles – a vast increase from 224 previously - thus reflecting the huge explosion in neuroscience research during the last 20 years. EHB2 provides a brand new generation of neuroscientists with the perfect tool with which to learn and master the fundamentals of how and why the human brain operates as it does. - Provides a comprehensive and up-to-date resource for exploring the human brain - Includes timely, key topics, providing an excellent overview of the field in a thematically structured one-stop shop location - Moves from an alphabetical structure to a systems/topic approach that is more fruitful for specialized readers and allows easier serendipity to less expert readers

This book tries to emphasize the mechanisms associated with the resistance towards various anti-cancer therapies The focus has been given to the role of cancer stem cells, immune cells, and the multiway impact of tumor microenvironment in drug resistance. The book delves into the role of epigenetic alterations, autophagy, intracellular compartments, and the impact of gut microbiome on therapeutic resistance. Each chapter of the book has elaborated on these aspects that are exclusively or mutually driving the therapeutic non-responsiveness towards various current clinical candidates. In addition to that the book has also discussed novel strategies to overcome the therapeutic challenge by employing combinatorial therapies that can prove to be useful and effective. Overall the book reflects on the current treatment challenges, futuristic strategies and new research initiatives that explore novel treatment options.

Toxicodynamics in Drug Research, Volume 2: Public Health and Toxicology Issues examines the implications of public health issues and the impact of pharmaceuticals, chemical and food toxicants, dietary phytochemicals, and medical treatments on human health. Volume 2: Public Health and Toxicology Issues in Drug Research: Toxicity and Toxicodynamics covers topics on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics such as population pharmacokinetics/toxicokinetics, the design of toxicokinetic studies, and the use of toxicokinetic data in preclinical safety assessments. The book investigates the health effect caused by the bioaccumulation of pharmaceutical and personal care products and the impact of drug-induced toxicity on different systems of the body. It discusses the mechanistic pathways of food toxicants and illustrates the molecular mechanisms of the chemopreventive role of dietary phytochemicals. It also delves into the toxic effects of medical treatments and materials. Ethical, legal, societal, and professional issues in toxicology round off the coverage providing a valuable resource to interested in learning more about the health impact and public health issues related to the toxicity of pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, personal care products, and medical treatments. - Discusses the impact of pharmaceuticals, food, and chemical toxicants on human health - Examines the toxic effects of medical treatments, clinical administrations, and materials - Explores public health issues around drug safety and toxicology

The second volume of the book Emerging Human Viral Diseases discusses pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies against viral encephalitis, gastroenteritis, and human immunodeficiency viral infections. The chapters discuss symptoms, diagnostics, and preventive strategies against viral infections. The book also reviews the epidemiology and evolution of viruses causing these infections. It also examines symptoms and strategies for developing novel diagnostics and the vaccine against these viruses. Toward the end, it discusses various biosafety principles for handling emerging viruses and reviews various bioinformatics tools and databases in virology research. This timely book offers valuable resource for the scientists working in the field of emerging viral infections and those involved in preventing, controlling, and managing viral diseases. Inclusively this book will be valuable guide covering most recent scientific progress in emerging human viral diseases and management and will serve as the best resource for undergraduates, graduates, medical professionals, researchers, public health physicians, and national and international health authorities.

Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited, neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by chorea, motor instabilities, psychiatric manifestations and cognitive decline. Early genetic testing provides an opportunity for clinical interventions aimed at delaying onset and/or slowing progression of disease; however, current treatments for HD are limited, with only two FDA-approved drugs available to manage chorea. Encouragingly, however, several disease-modifying treatment approaches are in the therapeutic pipeline, with more than 200 clinical studies, and many more preclinical studies, in the works. Robust and reliable biomarkers are needed to predict disease onset, monitor disease progression and assess treatment responses. More specifically, biomarkers to stratify patients for clinical trials and biomarkers to track drug efficacy will certainly lead to improved clinical trial design and success. This book represents the first book focused solely on biomarkers for HD and represents adistinct resource that will be informative, not only for clinicians and those involved in clinical trial design, but also for a wide range of neurodegenerative disease researchers. This edited volume is written by top leaders in the field, and takes a cross-disciplinary approach to cover a broad spectrum of biomarker types, in order to provide the latest advances in the development of biochemical, molecular, imaging and digital biomarkers that have been investigated for HD. With the ultimate goal of treating patients, the development of disease-associated biomarkers has never been more important.

Digital technologies are changing both the national and global business landscapes. Digitalization within firms and industries and newcomers from other fields give new conditions for competition through new business models. The Handbook of Research on Business Model Innovation Through Disruption and Digitalization discusses the aspects of the innovation of business models through disruption and digitalization. It further includes chapters on theories and practices related to the overall theme of how business models are developed. Covering topics such as agile networks, interactive business models, and managerial implications, this major reference work is a dynamic resource for business leaders and executives, IT managers, human resource managers, entrepreneurs, government officials, students and faculty of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide problem linked to numerous diseases affecting men, women, and children of all ages. Enormous progress in the study of vitamin D has been made since the first edition of this highly-acclaimed book was published nearly 20 years ago, and current research continues to draw headlines. Feldman and Pike's Vitamin D, Fifth Edition continues to build on the successful formula from previous editions, taking the reader from the basic elements of fundamental research to the most sophisticated concepts in therapeutics. The two comprehensive volumes provide investigators, clinicians, and students with a comprehensive, definitive, and up-to-date compendium of the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, where each area is covered by both basic and clinical experts in the field. In Volume I: Biochemistry, Physiology and Diagnostics, international experts in endocrinology, bone biology, and human physiology take readers through the basic research of vitamin D. This impressive reference presents a comprehensive review of the multi-faceted actions of vitamin D relating both to skeletal and extra-skeletal action. Researchers from all areas of vitamin D will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle and will, therefore, be able to develop more targeted genomic and proteomic insights into the mechanisms of disease. Volume II: Health, Disease and Therapy authoritatively covers the evidence for new roles of vitamin D, ranging from organ transplantation to cancer, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, and renal disease. The coverage is appropriately broad, drawing on aspects of internal medicine, pediatrics, nutrition, orthopedics, oncology, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, and immunology, as well as, new areas for vitamin D including sports medicine, opthalmology, veterinary medicine and ICU care – including COVID-19. Clinical researchers will gain a strong understanding of the molecular basis for a particular disease and better understand future directions for research in this still-growing field. - A comprehensive reference ranging from basic biochemistry, cell biology, and physiology principles to the clinical diagnostic and management implications of vitamin D - Saves researchers and clinicians time in quickly accessing the very latest details on the diverse scientific and clinical aspects of vitamin D, as opposed to searching through thousands of journal articles - Chapters written by the most prominent and well-published names in the field

Dieses Buch bietet neue Einblicke in die Pathogenese der Atherosklerose. Die Kapitel befassen sich mit den Risikofaktoren für Atherosklerose, den Auswirkungen von Wachstum und Alterung auf die Gefäßarchitektur und der entscheidenden Rolle, die das Mikrogefäßsystem bei der Entstehung von Atherosklerose spielt. Eine mikrovaskuläre Dysfunktion würde erklären, warum die bekannten Risikofaktoren das Risiko für den Einzelnen tatsächlich erhöhen. Dieser Pathomechanismus würde nicht nur für die obstruktive Atherombildung gelten, sondern auch für die aneurysmatische Dilatation sowie für die Dissektion der Aorta und der peripheren Arterien. Durch diese Brille betrachtet, ergeben sich neue präventive und therapeutische Möglichkeiten.In Atherosclerosis Pathogenesis and Microvascular Dysfunction wird ein einheitlicher Mechanismus für die Entstehung von Atherosklerose vorgeschlagen und es werden potenzielle präventive und therapeutische Möglichkeiten auf der Grundlage dieses Konzepts beschrieben. Das Buch stellt daher eine zeitgemäße und wertvolle Ressource für Ärzte der Inneren Medizin, Kardiologie, Angiologie, Herz- und Gefäßchirurgen, Pathologen, Forscher, Auszubildende und Studenten dar.

Silk-based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering, Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Second Edition is a must-have reference, providing comprehensive coverage of silk-based biomaterials and their importance in translational uses and biomedicine. This new edition considers the progress made in the past eight years, featuring many new chapters, including a discussion of cutting-edge fabrication methods and techniques, new and improved blends/composites, and an expanded range of applications in tissue engineering, regenerative and precision medicine. The book holistically reviews the types, structure and properties, processing methods, and specific biomedical applications for silk-based biomaterials. This will be a vital resource for materials and tissue engineering scientists, R&D departments in industry and academia, and academics interested in biomaterials, regenerative, and precision medicine. - Covers all key silk biomaterial types, including mulberry, Bombyx mori and nonmulberry/wild silk protein fibroins, sericins and spider silk, as well as their composite blends and various structures and scaffold platforms - Describes the cutting-edge processing techniques for each silk type, from traditional to nonconventional methods, such as using ionic liquids and engineering nanofibers and other biomedical matrices - Explores a range of applications in tissue engineering and regenerative and precision medicine, including bioprinting, bioelectronics and medical devices

These books bring together a panel of expert arbovirologists who recall the history of arbovirology from very personal perspectives. In these timely volumes, the authors describe seminal moments in their experiences in the field and how they integrated these findings with lab studies to further clarify the ecology and epidemiology of diverse arboviruses. Authors identify the most pressing questions that remain to be answered, providing a basis for current research and a stimulus to engage those entering the field. Over the last 20 years a generational gap has developed between the giants of arbovirus research and discovery and the new generation. This gap developed due to an ebbing of training and investment in passing the scepter to the next generation, leading to a lack of continuity among the generations that threatens to derail the rich history of virus discovery, field epidemiology and understanding of the richness of diversity that surrounds us. This lack of continuity may have immediate and disastrous consequences for public health when yet to be discovered arboviruses emerge. The purpose of these books is to bridge this gap by providing a historical context for the work being done today and provide continuity between the generations. To this end, the books provide a narrative of the thrill of scientific discovery and excitement of field adventures and lab studies of that generation -- essential reading for every arbovirologist, and highly recommended for all virologists and public health officials, as well as those students considering future research options. Volume I consists of the personal reflections of arbovirologists who played a significant role in the advancement of arbovirology across the globe. Volume II transitions to descriptions of region-specific and virus family-specific perspectives of arbovirology, as well as recollections of the early events of molecular advances and pathogenesis studies.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the efficacy of cancer drugs is often limited due to poor bioavailability and drug resistance. Traditional treatment strategies, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and combinational regimens, are associated with side effects and fail to deliver an adequate amount of the drug to the target site. Chemotherapy has paved the way for novel drug delivery systems in cancer treatment, enhancing efficacy, patient compliance and reducing side effects by specifically targeting the site of action. These novel drug delivery systems employ various drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, transdermal drug delivery systems, intranasal drug delivery systems, and others to improve drug solubility, stability, and controlled release patterns. The application of novel drug delivery systems in chemoimmunotherapy has become a hotspot in cancer treatment, and this book explores the potential of gene therapy alongside recent patents on anticancer formulations. The discussion also extends to clinical trials, which are crucial for validating these novel approaches and ensuring that effective treatments reach patients. The initial chapters provide an overview of current therapeutic approaches, while subsequent chapters focus on the role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment, emphasizing various nanoparticle-based formulations. Liposomes, transdermal drug delivery systems, microsomes, phytosomes, niosomes, intranasal drug delivery systems, and gene-drug delivery systems for cancer therapy are also discussed. Furthermore, the book addresses novel drug delivery systems, patents, and ongoing clinical trials, offering valuable insights for researchers, academicians, and scientists working towards advancements in the therapeutic management of cancer.

This book intends to report new concept of onco-spheres in cancer ecosystem. Onco-spheres are defined as where cancer cells (living organisms) dynamically interact with nontumor cellular (other living organisms) and noncellular components (non-living environmental factors) in the ‘host'internal environment (habitat) to construct a self-sustainable cancer ecosystem, which can be scoped at three different levels: primary/regional, distal and systemic onco-spheres. Cancer cells should be conceived as ‘living organisms', interacting with cellular or noncellular components in the host internal environment, not only with the local tumor microenvironment (TME) but also constantly communicating with a distant organ niche as well interacting with the host's nervous, endocrine and immune systems, to construct a self-sustainable ‘biosphere', as we termed the tumor ecosystem. By looking at theinteraction of cancer and host as a unique ecosystem, we will use ecology principles to further delineate the features of the dynamics of the tumor ecosystem. As the pioneer in proposing this concept, we feel that this full-scale overview of the tumor ecosystem is able to inform the readers about this concept, and to pave the way for designing novel therapeutic strategies on actionable targets within tumor ecosystem. The book is likely to be of interest to immunologist, biologist, medical students, researchers and general public who wish to learn more on this new concept of tumor ecosystem, and how this could be applied in many fields of research.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1971.

Thoroughly updated to reflect today's recent advances in adult and pediatric endocrinology, DeGroot's Endocrinology, 8th Edition, remains the comprehensive, international reference of choice for today's endocrinologists and fellows. A full peer review of the previous edition, conducted by a largely new group of renowned editors, was used to update this trusted, two-volume resource. In-depth coverage of both basic and clinical aspects of endocrinology and up-to-date information on the treatment and management of endocrine disorders are provided by a diverse group of expert contributors from six continents. A full-color format and helpful algorithms summarize clinical decision-making and practical approaches to patient management. - Organizes content by all the glands that regulate the endocrine system while integrating basic science and clinical presentations of disease. - Includes new chapters: Anatomy and Physiology of the Hypothalmus and Pituitary, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function, Genetic Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Pathology, Primary Aldosteronism, Transgender Healthcare, Erectile Dysfunction, Prevalence and Causes of Male Infertility, Sexual Dysfunction in the Female, Glucose Toxicity and Oxidative Stress. - Emphasizes basic science and evidence-based practice throughout. - Features extensive updates to content on thyroid and adrenal disfunction, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and human disease, clinical management of diabetes, and advances in genetics. - Includes algorithms to outline effective treatment protocols. - Contains new emphasis boxes that highlight key points in each chapter. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book focuses on the emerging research in the field of treatment of solid tumors or cancer with new drug delivery systems using nanotechnology. Nanotechnology has given us a good scope for development of new innovative drug delivery strategies to increase the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with reduced off-target side effects. Cancer is one of the main causes of death worldwide due to the limitations of classical therapies such as low solubility of active drugs, toxic side effects on healthy cells and resistance of tumor cells. These issues are partly solved by the recent development of polymeric nanoparticles, which improve drug absorption and the therapeutic index, while reducing side effects. Drug carriers must be biocompatible, biodegradable and non-immunogenic. Coupled to a ligand that has affinity for that particular cell, polymeric nanoparticles are used to target specifically malignant cells or tissues and, in turn, improve drug stability. This book presents the latest advances in the application of polymeric particles for cancer treatment, with focus on the tumor microenvironment, synthesis, active and passive targeting, patents, targeting over-expressed receptors, tumor-targeting ligands, theranostics, glioblastoma tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and pH-responsive nanoparticles

The book offers a comprehensive overview of all parathyroid gland disorders both, benign and malignant. It emphases established concepts, presents the ongoing controversies, challenges and debates on diagnosis and treatment of different parathyroid gland disorders, with a view of clarifying some uncertainties, making suggestions to resolve others, and establishing strategies to reach therapeutic success.In addition to general information on parathyroid gland embryology, surgical anatomy, histology and physiology, the chapters explore hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica, hypoparathyroidism, hungry bone syndrome, the importance of calcium in the human body and differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. The last chapters investigate post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, thyroid cancer, recent intra-operative localizing tools, and illustrate new techniques of parathyroidectomy, as well as parathyroid transplantation. The book will be an invaluable and indispensable source of knowledge and reference for all specialists and trainees entrusted with the care of patients suffering from parathyroid disease.

The development of new CNS drugs is notoriously difficult. Drugs must reach CNS target sites for action and these sites are protected by a number of barriers, the most important being the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Many factors are therefore critical to consider for CNS drug delivery, e.g. active/passive transport across the BBB, intra-brain distribution, and central/systemic pharmacokinetics, to name a few. Neurological disease and trauma conditions add further complexity because CNS barriers, drug distribution and pharmacokinetics are dynamic and often changed by disease/trauma. Knowledge of all these factors and their interplay in different conditions is of utmost importance for proper CNS drug development and disease treatment. In recent years much information has become available for a better understanding of the many factors important for CNS drug delivery and how they interact to affect drug action. This book describes small and large drug delivery to the brain with anemphasis on the physiology of the BBB and the principles and concepts for drug delivery across the BBB and distribution within the brain. It contains methods descriptions for studying drug delivery, routes and approaches of administering drugs into the brain, the influence of disease, drug industry perspectives, and a primer on neuroanatomy and physiological considerations written specifically for drug delivery scientists. Therewith, it contributes to an in-depth understanding of the interplay between brain (patho)-physiology and drug characteristics. Furthermore, the content is designed to be both cutting-edge and educational, so that the book can be used in high-level training of academic and industry scientists with full references to original publications.

A Clinical Guide to Thyroidectomies is a comprehensive compilation that gives extensive detail on thyroid surgery, with examples illustrated by photographs and artwork. It aims to help surgeons practice safe and adequate thyroid surgery and provides updates on new technologies and techniques, such as robotic and remote site thyroidectomy. Thyroid surgery is practiced not only by dedicated endocrine surgeons, but also by general surgeons, surgical oncologists, and head and neck otolaryngologists. This book will be useful for practitioners in all of these disciplines.

New Insights on the Development of the Vascular System examines the most recent literature and data on the development of the vascular system, along with advice on new laboratory techniques and approaches to data analysis. This volume is a comprehensive handbook to the state-of-the-art in vascular system development. Several genetic and epigenetic mechanisms are involved in the early development of the vascular system, and there is extensive literature on the genetic background and molecular mechanisms responsible for blood vessel formation. Yet new data and techniques have been developed in recent years. Although scientific literature covers the descriptive aspects of embryonic vascular system development, modern techniques such as the technology of cell fusion, cell sorting and image analysis give new insight into the mechanisms by which vessels form and regress and how blood flow changes directions in the same vessels. - Gives a comprehensive overview of the most recent literature in the field of vascular system development - Presents new data, including sections on endothelial cell signaling and technologies of cell fusion, cell sorting and image analysis - Provides useful insights on the analysis of new experimental work - Suggests modern techniques for scientists to use in the lab - Gives an overview of vascular biology that will be useful for those needing rapid familiarity - Provides an expert guide to the state-of-the-art in vascular system development as written by a leader in the field

This book examines dominant discourses in social justice education globally. It presents cutting-edge research on the major global trends in education, social justice and policy research. Using diverse paradigms, ranging from critical theory to discourse analysis, the book examines major social justice and equity education reforms and policy issues in a global culture, with a focus on the ambivalent and problematic relationship between social justice education discourses, ideology and the state. The book discusses democracy, ideology and social justice, which are among the most critical and significant factors defining and contextualising the processes surrounding social justice education reforms globally. It critiques current social justice education practices and policy reforms, illustrating the shifts in the relationship between the state, ideology, and social justice education policy.Written by authors from diverse backgrounds and regions, this book examines current developments in research concerning social justice education. It enables readers to gain a more holistic understanding of the nexus between social justice education, and dominant ideologies, both locally and globally. It also provides an easily accessible, practical, yet scholarly insights into local and global trends in the field of social justice education. Discourses of Globalization, Ideology and Social Justice, with contributions from key scholars worldwide, should be required reading for a broad spectrum of users, including policy-makers, academics, graduate students, education policy researchers, administrators, and practitioners.

This book describes the dynamics of biological cells and their mathematical modeling. The topics cover the dynamics of RNA polymerases in transcription, construction of vascular networks in angiogenesis, and synchronization of cardiomyocytes. Statistical analysis of single cell dynamics and classification of proteins by mathematical modeling are also presented. The book provides the most up-to-date information on both experimental results and mathematical models that can be used to analyze cellular dynamics. Novel experimental results and approaches to understand them will be appealing to the readers. Each chapter contains 1) an introductory description of the phenomenon, 2) explanations about the mathematical technique to analyze it, 3) new experimental results, 4) mathematical modeling and its application to the phenomenon. Elementary introductions for the biological phenomenon and mathematical approach to them are especially useful for beginners.The importance of collaboration between mathematics and biological sciences has been increasing and providing new outcomes. This book gives good examples of the fruitful collaboration between mathematics and biological sciences.

This book brings together expert opinions from scientists to consider the evidence for climate change and its impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections. It considers what is meant by'climate change', how effective climate models are in relation to ecosystems, and provides predictions for changes in climate at global, regional and local scales relevant for ticks and tick-borne infections. It examines changes to tick distribution and the evidence that climate change is responsible. The effect of climate on the physiology and behaviour of ticks is stressed, including potentially critical impacts on the tick microbiome. Given that the notoriety of ticks derives from pathogens they transmit, the book considers whether changes in climate affect vector capacity. Ticks transmit a remarkable range of micro- and macro-parasites many of which are pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. The intimacy between a tick-borne agent and a tick vector means that any impacts of climate on a tick vector will impact tick-borne pathogens. Most obviously, such impacts will be apparent as changes in disease incidence and prevalence. The evidence that climate change is affecting diseases caused by tick-borne pathogens is considered, along with the potential to make robust predictions of future events. This book contains: Expert opinions and predictions. Global coverage of trends in ticks and disease. In-depth examination of climate change and tick distribution links. This book is suitable for researchers and students studying zoology, biological sciences, medical entomology, animal health, veterinary medicine, epidemiology, parasitology, and climate change impacts; and for those concerned with public health planning or livestock management where ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a threat.

Stromal Signaling in Cancer, Volume 154 in the Advances in Cancer Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics surrounding cancer research. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Cancer Research series - Updated release includes the latest information on Stromal Signaling in Cancer

In the vasculature, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular mechanosensing, and blood vessel stability. This book aims to provide the reader with an overview of the various roles of the ECM during angiogenesis and covers its important role for the maintenance of vascular integrity, capillary and arterial morphogenesis, as well as lymphangiogenesis. Furthermore, aspects of regulation of endothelial cell and pericyte functions by the ECM under physiological and pathological conditions are discussed. In addition, the reader will learn more about different approaches to exploit ECM molecules for designing therapeutic approaches or as biomarkers to improve therapeutic decisions. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Matrix Pathobiology and Angiogenesis is a valuable resource for experienced researchers and early career scientist alike, who are interested in in learning more about this exciting and developing field. The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology and the International Society for Matrix Biology.

Alle chirurgisch relevanten Erkrankungen der endokrinen Organe sind systematisch mit Schwerpunkten auf dem diagnostischen Vorgehen, der Therapieplanung und -durchführung und dem perioperativen Management beschrieben. Die Darstellung wird zusätzlich durch instruktive Videos veranschaulicht, die mit der MoreMedia-App des Springer-Verlages aufgerufen werden können. Experten aus zahlreichen Zentren im deutschsprachigen Raum haben mit ihrem Wissen zu dem Buch beigetragen.Das Buch ist ein Teil des vierbändigen Werkes'Springer Reference Viszeral- und Allgemeinchirurgie', herausgegeben von M. E. Kreis, D. K. Bartsch und H. Lang. Parallel zur gedruckten Ausgabe erscheint auch eine online-Version des Gesamtwerks, die als Live Reference-Ausgabe kontinuierlich aktualisiert wird.

This contributed volume explores the ways in which researchers engineer new biomaterials for the challenging problems of the peripheral and central nervous systems. These biomaterials are uniquely positioned for use in creating in vitro models of injury and disease, testing therapeutic treatments, understanding neural development, and mapping the multi-scalar environment of the brain. This book informs readers from biology, chemistry, materials science, engineering, and neuroscience on cutting edge research in engineering technologies, from fundamental material development through pre-clinical studies. The book also highlights target applications in three areas of research: (1) engineering neural models and materials, (2) probing biological underpinnings of neurological function and disease, and (3) designing therapeutic and diagnostic treatments for neurological disease.

This comprehensive book on Endocrine Surgery covers disorders of thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands along with neuroendocrine tumors of pancreas and gastrointestinal tract. It is a comprehensive, up-to-date treatise covering embryology, anatomy, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnoses, and treatment modalities of surgical endocrine diseases. The authors explore the pertinent surgical endocrinology topics with a South Asian perspective. Color illustrations, flowcharts and tables make the topics lucid for professionals. This book provides the essential information surgeons require for evaluation and management of patients, both with straight forward, and complex endocrine problems. Key Features Focusses on concise yet comprehensive, up-to-date coverage of surgical endocrine diseases Discusses Robot Assisted Endocrine Surgery and explores its impact on healthcare finances Highlights the difference between practices used in western and resource limited countries by incorporating a South Asian perspective for region specific diseases.

A comparative and comprehensive account of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict between the Court of Justice and national courts with the power of constitutional review. This monograph addresses the incidences of, and reasons for, constitutional clashes in the application and enforcement of EU law. It aims to determine how the principle of primacy of EU law works in reality and whether the jurisprudence of the courts under analysis supports this concept. To this end, the book explores the three areas of constitutional conflict: ultra vires review, identity review, and fundamental rights review. The book substantiates the descriptive and strengthens the normative contributions of the theory of constitutional pluralism in relation to the web of relations in the European judicial space. By examining the influence that the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict has on the balance of powers between the Court of Justice and constitutional courts, the volume develops the judicial triangle as an analytical tool that depicts the consequences for the horizontal (constitutional courts vis-à-vis the Court of Justice) and vertical judicial relationships (Court of Justice vis-à-vis ordinary national courts; constitutional courts vis-à-vis ordinary national courts). By offering a thorough compilation of the jurisprudence of constitutional conflict in the EU, The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conflict in the European Union improves our understanding of the principle of primacy of EU law and its limits, as well as reinforces the theory of constitutional pluralism in explaining and guiding judicial power relations and interactions in the EU.

This book sonstitutes selected papers from the first International Conference on Cyber Warfare, Security and Space Research, SpacSec 2021, held in Jaipur, India, in December 2021.The 19 full and 6 short papers were thoroughly reviewed and selected from the 98 submissions. The papers present research on cyber warfare, cyber security, and space research area, including the understanding of threats and risks to systems, the development of a strong innovative culture, and incident detection and post-incident investigation.

Anti-angiogenic Drugs as Chemosensitizers in Cancer Therapy, Volume 19 focuses on the use of anti-angiogenic drugs as sensitizers of tumor cells to the inhibitory activity of antitumor agents. Conventional and novel anti-neoplastic agents (cytotoxic molecules, hormones/antihormones, immunotherapies) are taken into consideration, along with advances made in combination therapies. The book encompasses examples of studies on the use of antiangiogenic compounds—molecules that inhibit the growth of vessels inside a tumor—together with antineoplastic drugs in order to sensitize the resistant tumor to their cytotoxic effects, thus reducing adverse side reactions and resistance and improving the therapeutic response of cancer patients. In addition, the book discusses clinical applications in various types of cancer, such as colorectal, lung, breast, renal, genitourinary, skin and brain and circulating tumors. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who wants to be up-to-date on the most recent and promising developments in the field. - Provides the most updated reviews on anti-angiogenic drugs as chemosensitizers by leaders in the field - Encompasses summarized tables and schematic diagrams in each chapter to give a clear overview on recent findings in a didactic manner - Brings not only relevant information of current research but also new ideas and suggestions for further investigations to help advance the field

Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry IV provides a first point of entry for scientists interested in heterocyclic ring systems. Given the rapid expansion of publications in this field, this compilation of definitive reviews is especially important and invaluable. Written by leading scientists who have evaluated and summarized the most important data published over the last decade, this book is an invaluable addition to the reference library of anyone working with heterocyclic ring systems. Spanning 14 volumes, over 13,000 pages, and 240 chapters, this new edition builds on, and complements, the material in previous editions. This comprehensive resource is designed to be used both as a standalone resource and in conjunction with earlier works. Comprehensive – CHEC IV offers a comprehensive review of current heterocycles research and critical insight into the future direction of the field with an emphasis on useful and reliable synthesis and reactions, negating the need for individual searches in the primary literature and across various databases Reputation – This 4th edition matches the impressive reputation of the previous editions as the go-to foundational reference in heterocyclic chemistry Clearly structured - Meticulously organized, articles are split into 14 sections on key topics and clearly cross-referenced to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Interdisciplinary - chapters written by academics and practitioners from various fields and regions ensures that the knowledge within is easily understood by and applicable to a large audience

This reference book, which is the second volume of Targeting Oxidative Stress in Cancer, explores oxidative stress as the potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The initial chapters discuss the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and its effects on different signaling pathways. Subsequently, the sections examine the impact of redox signaling on tumor cell proliferation and consider the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals and nutraceuticals in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer. In turn, it examines the evidence supporting the use of Vitamin C in cancer management, before presenting various synthetic and natural compounds that have therapeutic implications for oxidative stress-induced cancer. It also explores the correlation between non-coding RNA and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the book summarizes the role of stem cells in ROS-induced cancer therapy and reviews the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles to alter redox haemostasis in cancer cells. Lastly, it explores heat-shock proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and probiotics as potential therapeutic agents in ROS-mediated cancer. This book is a useful resource for basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy. ​

The first chapter of this book reviews the main inflammatory processes described for ischemic stroke. In the second chapter, the authors discuss the development, functionality, myelination, pathologies, and molecular regulation of SC motility, further elucidating the significant role that migration plays in the repair of damaged nervous tissue. In Chapter 3, the distal components along with the sensitive receptors and the interconnectivity relevant to the nociception focusing on the modulatory role of the thalamus are examined. In Chapter 4, the origin, development, functionality, physiology, and pathology of astrocytes, further expanding on the significant roles that migration plays in the repair of damaged nervous tissue is looked at. In Chapter 5, the molecular mechanism of the attack of the HSV-1 genome on the cytoskeleton of brain neurons, leading to Alzheimer's symptoms, and the mechanism of restoration of the cytoskeleton by GMS, are reviewed. Next, the main evidence in literature in order to better understand and define the risks for patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures and taking aspirin is defined. The most common neurosurgical procedures are reviewed, elective or in emergency, summarizing the most important and recent literature evidence about the topic. The authors also try to collect and describe data not only about the hemorrhagic risk, but also about the thrombo-embolic one. In Chapter 7, a case series involving three traumatic brain injury (TBI) participants who underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning and neuropsychological assessments at two-time points is discussed, at one-month and twelve-month post-TBI. Longitudinal studies of TBI can reveal important information regarding the reorganization of the functional aspect of the brain. Untreated head injuries can take a long time to heal, affecting their physical and cognitive activities. The chapter focuses on neuropsychological performance and reorganization in functional connectivity. The authors of Chapter 8 exclusively concentrates on the influence of physical exercise on improvements in cognition and memory. The last chapter reviews the effects of deep breathing exercises on stress reduction.

This volume explores the dynamic topic of tight junctions. The book focuses on tight junctions'role in sealing adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow band just beneath their apical surface. The book explains how tight junctions consist of a network of claudins and other proteins, and delves into how they hold cells together and form functional and protective barriers, regulating the passage of molecules and ions through the space between cells.The book opens with a discussion of the evolution of research on tight junctions, discussing a range of primary areas of growth, including the current knowledge on the particular physiological function of different claudins due to the development of an array of knock out mice. The chapters also explore in-depth studies of tight junctions in specific tissues (gut, lung and endothelia). This book offers a comprehensive understanding on post-translational modifications of occludin and its impact on tight junction function, as well as the molecular composition and function of tricellular tight junctions. This volume is particularly relevant to students and scientists in neuroscience, cell biology, physiology, cell differentiation, and cancer research.

This book is a compact clinical introduction to Lyme borreliosis for physicians of all specialties who care for patients with suspected B. burgdorferi infection, whether in hospital or general practice. The book provides a great deal of practice-oriented information on symptomatology, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis with a special emphasis on the situation in Europe. At the same time, it describes contemporary scientific knowledge in as much detail as is required in order to understand the pathogenetic relationships and their relevance to medical care. The authors are members of an interdisciplinary expert group of epidemiologists, biologists, microbiologists, and clinicians who have been working in the area of tick-borne diseases for many years. The personal experience of each of the authors, accumulated through their daily work with patients in special clinics or by confrontation with complicated questions in basic research, epidemiology, and laboratory diagnostics of Lyme borreliosis, represents an important mainstay of the book. Written from the perspective of clinical management and practical problem-solving, this topical monograph will assist clinicians in meeting diagnostic challenges and providing appropriate medical aid to patients with Lyme borreliosis.