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By defining international communities of practice (CoPs) as domains of knowledge, this book investigates the adoption of new international practices via collective learning—that is, the redefinition of what is acceptable and feasible. Explaining how inclusive practices at the World Bank became institutionalized, it shows that while changes in presidents can influence practices of international organizations, shifts in collective thinking are even more important to understand world ordering.Collective learning happens at the boundaries between CoPs when practitioners interact with others inside or outside the formal walls of an organization—through processes of boundary encounters, boundary brokering, and the use of epistemic boundary objects. Since the 1980s, despite stability in their technocratic political rationality, World Bank employees arranged in CoPs collectively learned that program ownership and consultation in policymaking were more effective than top-down practices. However, while learning that more democratic practices rendered their projects and policies more effective, Bank employees did not fully challenge colonial epistemic hierarchies in North–South relations. This CoP framework draws from, combines, and extends various strands of cutting-edge IR scholarship (i.e., practice-oriented and constructivist IR), management theory (communities of practice), organizational studies (narratives and day-to-day procedures), as well as development and critical studies (feminist and decoloniality approaches).This book will be of interest not only to scholars and students interested in IR theory, international organizations, development practices, and social theory but also to development workers and anyone interested in global governance.

The number of poor people in China is huge, despite recent economic advances. The minorities in China constitute less than ten per cent of the entire population, yet they represent forty to fifty per cent of the absolute poor. This compelling book investigates the problem of poverty and inequality in and among Chinese ethnic minorities, focusing in particular on two important questions: Have the minorities shared the fruits of spectacular economic growth in China during the past two decades? Is their backwardness due to ethnic and cultural factors or to extremely low incomes? The authors examine the different factors explaining poverty, the relationship between poverty and ethnicity, poverty indicators that permit a comparison between minorities and non-minorities (or the Han majority), economic and demographic characteristics of minorities and their educational, occupational and gender profiles. They consider whether special measures in favour of minorities introduced by the Chinese government have contributed to an improvement in their standard of living. Poverty and Inequality among Chinese Minorities gives original research findings and new thinking on a highly topical issue in Chinese development economics, and fills a gap in the existing economic literature.

Die komplexen Wandlungen der Menschenrechte in der jüngsten Zeitgeschichte. Nach 1990 gewannen Menschenrechte national wie international ein wohl vorher nie erreichtes Gewicht. Immer mehr Akteure begriffen gesellschaftliche Probleme als Menschenrechtsfragen. Der Universalanspruch erfuhr weltweite Zustimmung und beförderte eine Vielzahl neuer interventionistischer Praktiken über nationalstaatliche Grenzen hinweg. Nicht zuletzt machten zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Disziplinen Menschenrechte, in einer vielschichtigen Wechselwirkung mit den gleichzeitigen politischen Veränderungen, zum Gegenstand der Forschung. Die Phase zukunftsgewisser Aufbrüche endete jedoch bereits vor der Jahrhundertwende. Zugleich sah sich die Idee universal gültiger Rechte heftigen Anfechtungen und Gegenentwürfen ausgesetzt. Dieser Band will eine neue empirische Grundlage für das Nachdenken über die jüngste Menschenrechtsgeschichte legen, indem zentrale Entwicklungen der letzten dreißig Jahre beleuchtet werden. Dabei bewegen sich die Beiträge über dichotomische Deutungsangebote von einerseits Triumph und Erfolg, andererseits Scheitern und Niedergang hinaus und schärfen den Blick für komplexe Wandlungsprozesse und gegenläufige Entwicklungen. Der Band erscheint vollständig in englischer Sprache. _____ The complex trajectory of human rights in the history of the past three decades. The 1990s saw an extraordinary surge in the significance that various actors attributed to the concept of human rights. A growing number of activists and politicians began framing their concerns as human rights issues. The universal claim of human rights received unprecedented support and spurred new interventionist practices across national borders. Numerous academic disciplines made human rights a subject of research, both reflecting on and influencing the emerging human rights policies. Yet the moment of enthusiastic new departures waned even before the advent of the new century. At the same time – and often as a direct consequence of its new prominence – critics opposed the idea of universal rights with an unprecedented fierceness. This volume breaks new ground in examining important developments that have unfolded in human rights history over the past thirty years. In situating these events, the volume looks beyond dichotomous interpretations of either triumph and success or failure and decline, sharpening our view of complexities and contradictions. The volume is published entirely in English.

This volume takes as its starting point the question of whether there is a pluriversal generation, a younger group of scholars who do not necessarily collaborate or know each other, but who are currently forming a radical structure that is viral in thought production and reflective on the current global recalibration of social relations, brought about by the necropolitical and necrocapitalist governmentality emerging worldwide. The 23 articles assembled in this volume transcend geographical boundaries, conceive of the world as a single entity, and develop strategies for radical change. They are presented in five subchapters with two lines of demarcation, one for entry, invention, and potentiality, and the other for a grim threshold.

This book explores the joys and occasional frustrations of a development economist working for the United Nations.From 1982 to 2000 Richard Jolly worked in senior positions in UNICEF and UNDP on assignments that were innovative, for the UN, the countries concerned and for development. The book analyses his experiences as Deputy Director of UNICEF, Principal Coordinator and co-author of UNDP's widely acclaimed Human Development Report and a community development officer in Kenya, as well as his involvement in the UN and country mission to Zambia and ILO employment missions to Colombia, Sri Lanka and Kenya. It shows what the UN can achieve when there is strong leadership at central and field levels, together with decentralized approaches. Jolly's experiences lead him to conclude there are in fact three UNs: the formal UN of governments; the second UN comprising UN staff members, often the source of initiatives and action; and the third UN of NGOs, experts, consultants and others closely following the UN or working with it, and also often bringing new thinking and innovation.Reflecting on the need for international action to be more effective and the UN to be more strongly supported, this volume is a fascinating guide to students and scholars of global governance, development and international organizations and those working for them.

This book, adopting a multidisciplinary approach, investigates the definition of autonomous work and the kind of protection it receives and should receive in a global perspective. The book advocates for the existence of genuine autonomous work to be distinguished from employment and false self-employment. It deserves specific attention from legislators in the view of removing any obstacles to the exercise of freedom of association and collective action at large. The book is divided into two parts. The first focuses on the evolving notion of autonomy and its consequences on social protection, offering a theoretical frame from an organizational, political and legal point of view. The second aims at discovering new regulatory and protective horizons for autonomous work, in the light of blockchain, platform work, EU Competition Law, social security and liberal professions. Finally, the authors offer insights and recommendations on how to protect work beyond categories.

In the countries of the global North, workplace democracy may be thought of as a thing of the past. Increasingly, working relations are regulated primarily by contract; workforces are fissured and fragmented. What are the consequences of this? How should we respond? Ruth Dukes and Wolfgang Streeck argue that the time is ripe to restate the principles of industrial democracy and citizenship for the post-industrial era. Considering developments within political economy, employment relations and labour law since the postwar decades, they trace the rise of globalization and the ‘dualization'of labour markets – the emergence of a core and periphery of workers – and the progressive insulation of working relations from democratic governance. What these developments amount to, they argue, is an urgent need for political intervention to tame the new world of ‘gigging'and other forms of highly precarious work. This, according to the authors, will require far-reaching institution-building designed to fill legal concepts such as ‘employment'with political substance. This eloquent call for a reimagining and renewal of the institutional and material conditions of freedom of association and the reinvention of industrial democracy will be crucial reading for anyone interested in work in the twenty-first century.

This Research Handbook on Development and the Informal Economy captures the magnitude of the informal economy for the global labour force. It unravels numerous concepts, definitions and methods of data collection to offer valuable insight into the differences between the informal, non-observed and shadow economies. Situating the concept of the informal economy within the evolution of development theories, strategies and thinking over the past 50 years, this Research Handbook also explores the future direction of the informal economy. Chapters consider recent debates around the transition from the informal to the formal economy, a transition which would reshape the social contract between people and state. Expert international contributors examine a range of policies, actions, regions and groups of vulnerable workers to uncover which forms of organisation will lead to more power, recognition and sustainable livelihoods for the working poor. They also analyse how innovation, knowledge co-production and technological change at a grassroots level can improve the working and living conditions of the informal worker. This Research Handbook maps the changing landscape of the informal economy and will be an essential resource for academics, researchers and students in the fields of development studies, economics and international studies.

As the world continues to grapple with a range of practical development challenges that are directly linked to livelihood concerns about human well-being and declining living standards, often overlooked is the human right to development, which remains largely unfulfilled. In the face of successive global initiatives seeking to remedy these challenges, it has become urgent to ask what the universal recognition of the right to development implies if it cannot be translated into improved well-being for impoverished peoples around the world. The contributors in this timely volume argue that setbacks to development are deeply rooted in the failure to implement the right to development, which by nature guarantees equality of opportunities and equitable redistribution of the resources that contribute to better living standards. Assessing policy and practical measures (or the lack thereof), they offer practical suggestions for implementation that will make the right to development a reality for everyone.

O livro Solidariedade e interesse: motivações e estratégias na cooperação internacional para o desenvolvimento apresenta os resultados de mais de uma década de pesquisas de Carlos R. S. Milani sobre como os Estados utilizam a cooperação como ferramenta de suas respectivas políticas externas. Contando também com sua experiência de gestor de projetos internacionais no âmbito da Unesco durante mais de oito anos, o autor apresenta a Cooperação Internacional para o Desenvolvimento (CID) como'campo político'das relações internacionais. Ademais, analisa como a CID tem cumprido papel de amortecedor das tensões internacionais e integrado, em distintos momentos históricos, os processos de negociação e reconstrução da ordem mundial. Assim foi no pós-Segunda Guerra, quando a agenda do desenvolvimento e da cooperação recebeu grande impulso de institucionalização pelos Estados Unidos, graças à competição ideológica entre capitalismo e comunismo, acirrada pelos processos de descolonização. Também ao final da Guerra Fria, agências bilaterais e multilaterais depositaram muitas esperanças nos chamados'dividendos da paz'que resultariam do que se imaginava poder poupar com a redução dos programas de desarmamento e dos orçamentos militares. Os'dividendos da paz', beneficiariam, assim, esforços internacionais para o desenvolvimento de países africanos, latino-americanos, asiáticos e do Leste Europeu. E agora, na aurora do século XXI, a cooperação Sul-Sul, a cooperação triangular, os fundos público-privados e os mais diversos arranjos institucionais da CID passam a ocupar o centro dos interesses da política internacional, uma vez que muitas potências regionais e emergentes, dentre as quais estão a China, a Índia, a África do Sul, o Brasil e a Turquia, têm passado a utilizar mais intensamente e de modo estratégico essa ferramenta em suas agendas de política externa, disputando territórios e solidariedades no espaço mundial e reivindicando mudanças nos padrões de relacionamento entre o Ocidente e o chamado'Sul geopolítico'.

This book unravels the trajectories and dilemmas of development in Nigeria since its independence in 1960. Despite enormous human and material resources, development progress in Nigeria has not met expectations. By delving into the various factors that have influenced development efforts and initiatives, Development in Nigeria: Promise on Hold? aims to draw out lessons to help the country to achieve its potential.In many ways Nigeria typifies the African puzzle of near-misses, a never-ending drive towards development with enormous promise but no real practical output. As in many states within Africa, these failures can be traced to structural inadequacies and the perennial weakness of public institutions. Problems which collectively undermine sustainable development and growth include political corruption, ethnicity, failure of public institutions, distributional injustice, fiscal centralism in a purported federal state, faulty democratic traditions, malevolent elite class, religious and social conflicts, among others. By taking a comprehensive panoramic overview of the country's historical experience as both a military dictatorship and democracy, Edlyne Eze Anugwom presents a nuanced, comprehensive and contemporary interrogation of the ever-dynamic forces and factors in Nigeria's development project. This book's incisive examination of Nigeria's development aspirations over time will be of interest to students of Development and African Studies, as well as to practitioners and multilateral agencies involved in development planning and intervention in Nigeria who are looking for strategies for overcoming the challenges facing the country.

Este libro es la primera reseña exhaustiva de los 100 años de historia de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. En su núcleo se encuentra el concepto de política social a escala mundial, que abarca no solo la política social en sus dimensiones nacional e internacional, sino además las políticas de desarrollo, el comercio mundial, la migración internacional y los derechos humanos. El libro centra su atención en los papeles desempeñados por la OIT como actor principal en los debates sobre la pobreza, la justicia social, la distribución de la riqueza y la movilidad social, y como foro mundial donde se tratan estas cuestiones. El estudio pone en perspectiva las múltiples maneras en que la OIT ha ayudado a estructurar estos debates y ha aportado -a través del establecimiento de normas, la cooperación técnica y una miríada de otras actividades- contribuciones prácticas al mundo del trabajo y a la política social mundial. Daniel Maul es Profesor Asociado de Historia Internacional y Transnacional de los siglos xix y xx en la Universidad de Oslo.

Ce livre est le premier bilan exhaustif de l'histoire centenaire de l'Organisation internationale du Travail. Il repose sur le concept de la politique sociale à l'échelle mondiale qui englobe non seulement la politique sociale dans ses dimensions nationale et internationale, mais aussi les politiques de développement, le commerce mondial, les migrations internationales et les droits de l'homme. L'ouvrage s'intéresse à l'OIT comme acteur majeur dans les débats sur la pauvreté, la justice sociale, la répartition des richesses et la mobilité sociale et comme forum mondial où sont traitées ces questions. L'étude met en perspective les multiples façons dont l'OIT a aidé à structurer ces débats et a apporté - par son travail normatif, ses programmes de coopération technique et bien d'autres activités - des contributions pratiques au monde du travail et à la politique sociale dans le monde. Daniel Maul est professeur associé d'histoire internationale et transnationale des XIXe et XXe siècles à l'Université d'Oslo.

Over recent years, the inability of social security protection to reach workers without a formal employment contract has become an inconvenient reality in both the global north and south. This book explores how provisions for income security can be revised to effectively meet the needs of the labour force in varying economies. In developing economies, informal employment has traditionally accounted for a high proportion of overall employment and this trend looks set to continue. In the global north, the increasing use of flex-contracts and'dependent self-employment'has led to a rise in the number of workers with limited income protection. An additional challenge for countries in both hemispheres is the rise of the'gig'economy. This book is the first to open up a dialogue about social security coverage in the developed and developing world. Authors from both sides of the divide have contributed chapters and present a variety of insights, experiments and practices with the aim of identifying better ways to combat the growing social security challenge. Academic researchers with an interest in labour law and social policy will find this book to be an engaging source of innovative research. Practicing lawyers and policy makers will also benefit from the insights and examples provided from a number of different jurisdictions. ntributors include: C. Barnard, A. Blackham, E. Fourie, A. Govindjee, T. Gyulavári, D. Hofmeyr, L. Jianfei, A. Johansson Westregård, L. Lamarche, J. Li, J. Masabo, M. Olivier, P.A. Ortiz, A. Paz-Fuchs, M. Westerveld, M. Wynn

Established to help people jumpstart their lives and economy after over a half century of conflict, the South Sudanese microcredit sector collapsed in 2012, six years after its takeoff, to the detriment of some 80,000 participants. Microcredit Meltdown is an account of the ambitious launch and premature downfall of the Southern Sudanese microcredit industry.Through a mixed methods ethnographic approach, the book charts the state and non-state actors that embarked upon economic development after war, the assumptions built into microlending, and the impact of ideologies and social norms on economic practice. The text compares industry theories with the experiences of borrowers and finds that microcredit failed in South Sudan due to false assumptions that were inapplicable to this post-conflict environment. Yet the over promising and under-delivering commercial microcredit was not isolated to South Sudan or even post-conflict settings. The Juba microcredit story is an instance of the broader global shift toward the commercial microcredit model. Initiated to get badly needed capital into the hands of poor people, instead the focus became sustaining a lending program. The text shows how the ideological and material constraints of the commercial microcredit paradigm were woefully misaligned with local socio-cultural realities, and created the collapse in South Sudan.

Policy ownership of development agenda emerged as an important aspect in international development cooperation during the 1990s in the wake of evident failures of reform initiatives in developing countries steered by donor agencies, particularly the international financial institutions (IFIs), the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF).The principal focus of this book is to examine Bangladesh's policy ownership in its PRSP by broadly analyzing the dynamics in the formulation process and examining the principal actors'contribution to the formulation process. This book also deals with several other dimensions of foreign aid and its changing features including the shifts in WB-IMF's approach to development cooperation. This book argues that the WB-IMF strongly influence Bangladesh's development strategies and agendas and in general the WB-IMF have not changed much in their aid relationship despite clear limitations of their previous reform models. Building on Bangladesh's current level of development the book advocates that Bangladesh needs to adopt a new model for development agenda setting. Illustrating the influences of donor communities on the creation of development strategies in developing countries, this book presents a macro dynamics of the political economy of international development cooperation. It will be of interest to academics and professionals working on political economy, governance, public policy and development cooperation as well as South Asian Studies.

Pollution, resource depletion, habitat management, and climate change are all issues that necessarily transcend national boundaries. Accordingly, they and other environmental concerns have been a particular focus for international organizations from before the First World War to the present day. This volume is the first to comprehensively explore the environmental activities of professional communities, NGOs, regional bodies, the United Nations, and other international organizations during the twentieth century. It follows their efforts to shape debates about environmental degradation, develop binding intergovernmental commitments, and—following the seminal 1972 Conference on the Human Environment—implement and enforce actual international policies.

The Biography and Genealogy Master Index is designed to help you easily determine which publication to consult for biographical information. Indexed sources cover both living and deceased persons from every field of activity and from every country in the world. Typically current, readily available, standard reference works are indexed. Look for supplement volume updates to this valuable biographical research tool twice a year. These volumes are cumulated every five years. More than 15 million citations compiled from more than 5,000 editions and volumes of approximately 1,700 current and retrospective biographical sources are included in the Biography and Genealogy Master Index base set and its supplements. In total, Biography and Genealogy Master Index provides coverage of nearly 5 million contemporary and historical figures from authors to scientists, from boxers to fashion designers, from Adam and Eve to Frank Zappa.

Das Versorgungssystem des Sozial- und Gesundheitswesens erfüllt seine Funktion nicht ohne Mitwirkung seiner Nutzer. Sie bewirken ihr Wohlergehen und überwinden ihre Probleme im Leben ohnehin größtenteils selber. Darauf kann sich die organisierte Versorgung in ihrer Ökonomie einstellen. In der Theorie der Sozialwirtschaft besteht ein Erkenntnisinteresse am wohlfahrtsbezogenen Zusammenwirken selbstbestimmter Lebensführung und personenbezogener Sozialleistungen, am Verhältnis von individueller Daseinsvorsorge und öffentlicher Daseinsvorsorge. Untersucht werden die Entwicklung von Verwirklichungschancen und von Kompetenz insbesondere auf Gebieten der Bildung, der Gesundheit und der sozialen Beziehungen in ihrer ökonomischen Bedeutung.

Ce numéro interroge le concept d'empowerment dans une perspective féministe. Il questionne les contradictions, les paradoxes de son usage et les raisons du succès de son utilisation. Les articles explorent les accords et/ou les malentendus autour de son sens et des pratiques qui sous-entendent son utilisation.

In Western Europe, the notion of social exclusion is rapidly diffusing in recent years. This book investigates the notion of social exclusion as a new way to approach social issues such as the'new poverty'long-term-unemployment, precariousness, social polarization and disintegration. Particular attention is paid to both the global relevance of an approach in terms of social exclusion and its value compared to more conventional approaches in terms of poverty of deprivation. It is shown that social exclusion goes beyond these by explicitly embracing the relational as well as the distributional aspects of poverty and emphasizing processes. In this book, the authors explore the specific forms of social exclusion in the ongoing processes of globalization, deregulation, crisis of the welfare state, and rise of individualism.

En novembre 2014, un colloque pluridisciplinaire portant sur le monde rural, ses mutations et ses enjeux était organisé à Besançon par le laboratoire C3S. Les communications retenues dans le cadre de cette publication ont été regroupées en trois grandes parties. La première propose des éléments de cadrage et de problématisation susceptibles d'éclairer les phénomènes de pauvreté et d'exclusion, les fractures ou les inégalités territoriales mais aussi les dynamiques locales de développement...

Pour renforcer la cohérence et l'efficacité de l'action extérieure de l'Union européenne et la présence de l'Europe dans le monde, les dirigeants européens ont décidé d'inscrire l'intervention européenne dans une approche dite globale de la sécurité. Cette « approche globale » est ainsi devenue le cadre de référence de la politique étrangère et de défense européenne. Ce numéro entend fournir des éléments d'explication au processus d'institutionnalisation de l'approche globale au sein de l'UE et à ses limites.

This book provides a magisterial account of the history, conceptualization, and institutionalization of the concept of sustainable development in international law and policy-making. It provides helpful and insightful illumination of these issues, both at a general level and specifically through an extended case study of the evolution of the WTO Agreement on Agriculture - a particularly appropriate choice of case study given that agriculture implicates a wide range of divergent values, including the economic benefits of free trade; promoting access to affordable food; protecting small subsistence farmers, especially in developing countries; and minimizing environmental degradation through over-exploitation of natural resources such as fisheries, soil depletion or contamination. An overarching and constructive theme of the book is the need for greater legal coherence in international law making across these various domains which are often fragmented in institutional silos that lack effective integrating mechanisms.'- Michael Trebilcock, University of Toronto, Canada'Sustainable development, now made fully operational thanks to the contribution of Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi, can support policy reforms that will improve global governance, thus ensuring that the trade regime is shaped to support the policy objectives that it is meant to serve. The area of food and agriculture is in many ways a case study of a lack of consistency across policy areas. It is now high time to overcome this failure. I have no doubt that this volume represents a major contribution towards this end.'- Olivier De Schutter, Member of the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural RightsThe concept of sustainable development has become a fundamental discourse in international decision making. To enable pragmatic sustainable development governance, legally coherent, mutually supportive multilateral treaties are both necessary and important. This timely book provides an accessible insight into how the concept of sustainable development can be made operational for coherent law making through its translation into legal terms.The book is split into two informative points of inquiry. The first part of the book explores the origins of the sustainable development debate and sheds light on how the international community has inadequately operationalized the concept to utilize its full potential. In this view, Elisabeth Bürgi Bonanomi illustrates how sustainable development can facilitate coherent international law making when it is understood as a multidimensional legal principle and methodical norm. The second part of the book adopts this notion as an analytical lens on the WTO Agreement on Agriculture, placing the focus specifically on food security and food sustainability. The overarching discussion contributes to one of the most intricate debates of international food governance and investigates the unresolved question of what a sustainable and coherent agricultural trade agreement could look like.Providing a comprehensive overview of sustainable development law, its origins, and its current theories, scholars and students with a background in international public law, trade, and investment law, development and human rights law, international relations, and environmental policy will find this book a valuable reference tool. Practitioners and policy-makers will benefit from the insight into the search for politically coherent and sustainable legal agreements.

Mit Honduras, El Salvador und Guatemala sind es drei Länder Zentralamerikas, die zurzeit die weltweit höchsten Homizidraten aufweisen. Costa Rica und Nicaragua jedoch, die anderen beiden Länder der Region, verzeichnen relativ niedrige Homizidraten.Die Autorin untersucht die Gründe hierfür, indem sie ein eigenes Theoriemodell vorschlägt und dieses über einen stringenten Fünf-Länder-Vergleich überprüft. Die empirischen Daten stammen aus mehrfacher und ausgedehnter Feldforschung der Autorin in der Region (darunter rund 250 Experteninterviews).

Le monde se dirige-t-il vers une crise sans précédent où se juxtaposent difficultés économiques, sociales, écologiques et politiques? C'est cette question à facettes multiples qu'examine un collectif de chercheurs de divers horizons. Premier constat : à moins de revoir le modèle de développement actuel et d'y apporter des mesures correctives, les perspectives d'avenir sont plutôt inquiétantes. Cette crise mondiale marquerait, selon ces chercheurs, le point culminant d'une longue période de politiques de développement qui ont en commun d'avoir engendré des bouleversements à travers le monde, notamment dans les pays en développement. Une approche plus proactive et critique aux études en développement international, ainsi qu'à la façon dont le développement s'élabore sur le terrain, s'avère donc essentielle. Publié en anglais d'abord, Des outils pour le changement. Une approche critique en études du développement est une référence incontournable pour le lectorat francophone. Ce recueil comprend 49 brefs modules dont chacun aborde les grands thèmes du développement. Il est destiné tout autant aux théoriciens qu'aux professeurs, étudiants et chercheurs qui s'intéressent à une approche critique en études du développement. Qualifié de réalisation remarquable lors de sa sortie en anglais, cet ouvrage permet de mesurer l'ampleur des études du développement en fonction d'une approche critique. Une conviction commune anime cet ouvrage : il est impératif de procéder à des changements qui favoriseront un progrès véritable et durable. Publié en français

Face au règne hégémonique d'un capitalisme financier globalisé particulièrement brutal, la quête manifeste d'une autre économie sociale, solidaire, alternative se développe aujourd'hui. Quelles sont les limites de l'exploitation tolérable et les contestations possibles? La légitimité de l'accumulation et les conditions morales de la redistribution sont ici interrogées à travers différentes époques et en différents lieux.

Aid to developing countries started well before World War II, but was undertaken as an ad hoc activity or was delivered by private organizations. This changed after the War. In his Inaugural Address in 1949, the American President, Harry Truman, announced a “bold new programme for making the benefits of our scientific advances and industrial progress available for the improvement and growth of underdeveloped nations” (the so-called “Point IV” Plan). At that time it was thought that this support would be needed only for a limited number of years, comparable to the Marshall Plan assistance to Europe. But reality proved to be different: providing aid was a very long-term affair. Since the Fifties, the aid provided has changed at different occasions. In the beginning, aid concentrated on constructing infrastructure, such as roads, railways, dams, and harbours, in order to promote industrial development. In the Sixties, aid to agriculture was added, and in the Seventies aid to social sectors (Basic Needs) was also provided. The Eighties brought worldwide debt problems. Major donors applied structural adjustment policies; some called this the lost decade (década perdida). The Nineties saw the arrival of the first environmental considerations, and asked for attention for the role of women and good governance. The form of aid changed from projects to programmes and budget support.Describing the different aid forms of the last 65 years and analysing why aid changed from time to time are the subjects of this book. Professionals and students in the area of international cooperation will benefit from studying this history, as, at this moment, old concepts are reappearing or applied by new donors like China. Is the pendulum really swinging back, as Louis Emmerij at one point suggested?

At the early end of the spectrum is the issue of tribal development. The concern for the indigenous people had received high attention on the international agenda. The concern for'Vanavasi'or'Anushchit Janajati'as the tribals are called in India finds its echo in the UN Charter as well as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In the post-independence India, welfare of the tribal communities has been the national goal and special responsibility of the Centre and the various State Governments. Tribals underwent a change not only in their relationship with land but also in their relationship with forests. Tribes were greatly dependent on forest for their day-to-day needs, including food, shelter, instruments, medicine, and in some cases even clothes. This book elaborately discusses all relevant issues in comprehensive way of Tribal Welfare and Environment Development and the subject matter in a concise and an intelligible form, keeping in view the needs of the average student, researcher and teacher. CONTENTS: Tribal Welfare in India; Tribal Development : Policies and Programmes; Forest Policy Rights and Tribal Development; Mobilization of Resources and Responsibilities of Panchayati Raj; Impact of Industrial Enterprise on Tribals; Culture and Civilization of Adivasi; Tribal Movements; Land Rights and Natural Resources; Tribal Society and Civilizations.

Shedding light on the recent mutations of the Israeli separation policy, whose institutional and spatial configurations are increasingly complex, this book argues that this policy has actually reinforced the interconnectedness of Israelis and Palestinian lives and their spaces. Instead of focusing on the over-mediatized separation wall, this book deals with what it hides: its shadows. Based on fieldwork studies carried out by French, Italian, Israeli, Palestinian and Swiss researchers on the many sides of the Israeli-Palestinian divide, it highlights a new geography of occupation, specific forms of interconnectedness and power relations between Israeli and Palestinian spaces. It offers a better understanding of the transformation of people's interactions, their experiences and the ongoing economy of exchanges created by the separation regime. This heterogeneous regime increasingly involves the participation of Palestinian and international actors. Grounded in refined decryptions of territorial realities and of experiences of social actors'daily lives this book goes beyond usual political, media and security representations and discourses on conflict to understand its contemporary stakes on the ground.

The scholarship of Ulf Hannerz is characterized by its extraordinary breadth and visionary nature. He has contributed to the understanding of urban life and transnational networks, and the role of media, paradoxes of identity and new forms of community, suggesting to see culture in terms of flows rather than as bounded entities. Contributions honor Hannerz'legacy by addressing theoretical, epistemological, ethical and methodological challenges facing anthropological inquiry on topics from cultural diversity policies in Europe to transnational networks in Yemen, and from pottery and literature to multinational corporations.

Our global food system is undergoing rapid change. Since the global food crisis of 2007-2008, a range of new issues have come to public attention, such as land grabbing, food prices volatility, agrofuels and climate change. Peasant social movements are trying to respond to these challenges by organizing from the local to the global to demand food sovereignty. As the transnational agrarian movement La Via Campesina celebrates its 20th anniversary, this book takes stock of the movement's achievements and reflects on challenges for the future. It provides an in-depth analysis of the movement's vision and strategies, and shows how it has contributed not only to the emergence of an alternative development paradigm but also of an alternative conception of human rights. The book assesses efforts to achieve the international recognition of new human rights for peasants at the international level, namely the'right to food sovereignty'and'peasants'rights'. It explores why La Via Campesina was successful in mobilizing a human rights discourse in its struggle against neoliberalism, and also the limitations and potential pitfalls of using the human rights framework. The book shows that, to inject subversive potential in their rights-based claims rural social activists developed an alternative conception of rights, that is more plural, less statist, less individualistic, and more multi-cultural than dominant conceptions of human rights. Further, they deployed a combination of institutional (from above) and extrainstitutional (from below) strategies to demand new rights and reinforce grassroots mobilization through rights.

Das Geschäft mit dem Hunger Können wir trotz Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise vergessen, dass jeden Tag 25.000 Menschen, darunter 18.000 Kinder, an Hunger und Unterernährung sterben? Was sind die Ursachen der sich weiter ausbreitenden Welternährungskrise und wer sind die Profiteure? Die Politik versagt, aber es gibt Lösungen. Die Welternährungskrise breitet sich aus. Das 1996 erklärte Ziel, die Zahl der Hungernden bis 2015 zu halbieren, ist in weite Ferne gerückt. Jean Feyder enthüllt die tieferen Ursachen dieses Hungerskandals und ein System, das in der Hauptsache den Finanz- und Wirtschaftsinteressen des Nordens zuspielt, nicht den Menschen im Süden. Er fordert einen radikalen Umbau des gesamten Ernährungssystems, denn sonst können die neun Milliarden Menschen von morgen nicht ernährt werden, ohne dass es zum ökologischen und sozialen Kollaps kommt. Gefordert sind wir alle - die westliche Welt wie die aufsteigenden Länder, die Zivilgesellschaft wie die Konzerne. Ein Globalisierungsbuch, das diesen Namen wirklich verdient!

Since the summer of 2007, the world scenario has been dominated by the US sub-prime mortgage crisis and its repercussions on global financial markets and economic growth. As banks around the world wrote down their losses and governments intervened to rescue domestic financial institutions, financial distress severely hit the real economy leading to what has been widely defined as the worst recession since the 1930s. Under these conditions, along with the immediate concern for stemming the effects of the crisis, policy-makers around the world have been debating the long-term measures that have to be adopted in order to reduce the likelihood of future crises and to ensure stable economic growth. Although this debate has not yet produced significant transformations, it indicates a renewed concern about the institutional architecture that is meant to govern the global economic and financial system.This book tackles the issue of what the governance of the global economic and financial system looks like and what the prospects for its reform are. Specifically, the book will address the following three main themes:Governance: What is governance in the international economic system? What formsdoes it take? How did it come about? How can we study it?;Functions of governance: What are the functions of global economic governance? Whoperforms them? What are the rules and mechanisms that make global governancepossible?Problems and prospects of governance: What are the problems in global economic governance? Is there a trade-off between legitimacy and efficiency? What are the prospects for reform of global economic governance in the aftermath of the global financial crisis?This book will:_ Provide a thorough analysis of the issues at stake in designing international rules and institutions able to govern the global economy;_ Illustrate and analyze virtually all the main institutions, rules, and arrangements that make up global economic governance, inscribing them within the function these institutions, rules, and arrangements are meant to perform;_ Discuss the problems that affect today's global economic governance and assess alternative proposals to reform the international financial architecture.

The SAGE Handbook of Human Rights will comprise a two volume set consisting of more than 50 original chapters that clarify and analyze human rights issues of both contemporary and future importance. The Handbook will take an inter-disciplinary approach, combining work in such traditional fields as law, political science and philosophy with such non-traditional subjects as climate change, demography, economics, geography, urban studies, mass communication, and business and marketing. In addition, one of the aspects of mainstreaming is the manner in which human rights has come to play a prominent role in popular culture, and there will be a section on human rights in art, film, music and literature. Not only will the Handbook provide a state of the art analysis of the discipline that addresses the history and development of human rights standards and its movements, mechanisms and institutions, but it will seek to go beyond this and produce a book that will help lead to prospective thinking.

地域のマイノリティが抱える生活問題に，地域福祉実践はどのようにアプローチすべきか。沖縄からの移住者コミュニティの形成史をたどりながら，現代に至る地域固有の問題を「ソーシャル・エクスクルージョン（社会的排除）」の問題として抽出し，構造化する。

About the Book Social exclusion has become one of the important themes in contemporary social policy debates in both the developed and developing countries. It has become central to policy and academic discourse in Western Europe, and increasingly in other parts of the globe. In India, the exclusion discourse is closely linked with a wide range of socio-economic inequality. The most rigorous form of exclusion is practiced by the institution of caste, followed by religion, ethnicity and gender. The contours of the exclusion perpetuated by these variables constantly change with the context, time and space. Many social groups in India have been experiencing some form of inequality or social exclusion. Across social groups, women face exclusion and discrimination in many areas of life, though their status varies significantly according to their social and ethnic backgrounds. The history of civilisation shows that women were excluded from the public sphere. There are separate spaces for women and men. By tradition also, the public sphere is male domain and women have been confined to their homes (private sphere) and relegated to the background. Divided Spaces: Discourse on Social Exclusion and Women in India make a unique contribution to the literature on social exclusion and inclusion. This book explores several forms of social exclusion in the context of India and brings together leading scholars from several of the disciplines that have developed concepts of exclusion and various dimensions of exclusion/inclusion. It is hoped that this volume contributes to our understanding of the complexities of social exclusion and provide policymakers with guidance for corrective policies and social inclusion to combat the different forms of social exclusion. This book is useful and essential reading for students and scholars of political science, sociology, anthropology, history and cultural studies. It will also strike sparks with those with a professional research interest in social exclusion/inclusion.

Social exclusion is one of the most pressing challenges in post-industrial societies, encompassing economic, social, cultural　and political dimensions. This important new book critically examines the relationship between sport and social exclusion, from global and cross-cultural perspectives. The book analyses sport and social exclusion by focusing on three key questions: How does social exclusion affect participation in sport? How is social exclusion (re)produced, experienced, resisted, and managed in sport? How is sport used to combat social exclusion and promote social inclusion in other life domains? To answer these questions, the authors discuss and critically reflect on　existing knowledge　and　in-depth case studies from Europe, Australasia, Africa and Latin America. The book illuminates the relationship between sport and social exclusion in Global North and Global South contexts, addressing key issues in contemporary social science such as social inequality, worklessness, gender, disability, forced migration, homelessness and mental health. Sport and　Social Exclusion　in Global Society is important reading for all students, researchers and policy-makers with an interest in sport sociology, sport development, sport management, or the relationship between sport and wider society.

Survival in times of disaster is a question of utmost importance to both the victims of those events and to the professionals and people in authority who are there to serve them. In Disaster Emergency Management, Liza Ireni Saban examines what leads some nations, communities, and individuals to rise to the occasion during these times of trauma, while others do not. Utilizing case studies of China, Indonesia, Japan, and the United States, she focuses in particular on the dilemma faced by local emergency officials who, rather than elected officials, find themselves'on the front lines,'suddenly confronted with complex public problems. Recent studies have pointed to a breakdown of government and bureaucratic decision making in the face of intense crisis situations. Saban demonstrates the inadequacies of grappling with what are in truth contested ethical issues within a framework whose approach is technical-rational. She draws on communitarian ethics to redefine the role of the bureaucrat so that community resilience, through attention to local values and needs, is fostered prior to the actual crisis.

This volume is the first detailed study of the emergence of regular and frequent heads of government meetings (summits), covering the period from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s.Summit meetings of heads of government have become'banal'in today's world. Yet they are a relatively recent practice that took off only in the mid-1970s. The aim of the book is to explore the origins of this new feature of global governance in its historical context. Why did heads of Western governments decide to regularly meet up in the European Council and the G7? What were they aiming at? How were these meetings run and what consequences did they have? How did other actors of international relations – states as well as non-state and/or transnational actors - react to this transformation? Based on newly released archival material, International Summitry and Global Governance investigates the rise of regular international summitry and its impact on international relations. The volume brings together the best specialists of this new field of historical enquiry in order to explore those features of global governance in their historical context, and open up an interdisciplinary dialogue with social scientists who have studied summits from their own disciplinary perspectives.This book will be of much interest to students of international history, Cold War studies, global governance, foreign policy and IR in general.

The Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) was established in 1993 with the intention of creating opportunities for trade and investment on both sides and the promotion of sustainable development. In 2003, the conference translated Japanese aid policy to Africa into three key pillars: human centered development, poverty reduction through economic growth, and the consolidation of peace, and since 2005 Africa has on several occasions been the largest recipient of Japanese overseas aid. Tracing Japanese foreign aid to Africa during and after the Cold War, this book examines how the TICAD process sits at the intersection of international relations and domestic decision making. Indeed, it questions whether the increase in aid has been driven by domestic changes such as demands from civil society and donor interest, or pressures emanating from the international system. Taking Angola and Mozambique as case studies, the book explores how Japan's development cooperation with Africa has assisted previously war torn states make the transition from war to peace, and in doing so demonstrates the centrality of human security to Japanese foreign policy as a means of ensuring sustainable development.This book will have great interdisciplinary appeal to students and scholars of Japanese and African studies, Japanese politics, international relations theory, foreign policy, economic development and sustainable development.

Im Buch wird die Lebenssituation der'Gastarbeiter'- Generation und der nachfolgenden Generationen zwischen den Polen Integration und Ausgrenzung untersucht. Dabei wird neben den Bereichen Arbeit, Einkommen, Armut, Bildung und Ausbildung der Situation im Wohnviertel ein großer Stellenwert beigemessen. Das Wohnviertel und seine Strukturen erweisen sich als ausgrenzungsverstärkend, oder aber sie puffern Ausgrenzungsprozesse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt ab.

Jenseits eurozentrischer Perspektiven entfaltet der Autor eine transnationale Beziehungsgeschichte, die globale und lokale Dynamiken gleichermaßen in den Blick nimmt und insbesondere den Auswirkungen der Zusammenarbeit zwischen der EWG und dem Senegal nachgeht. Wie viele Liter Wasser benötigen Dakars Stadtbewohner pro Tag und Kopf? Welchen Preis sollen senegale­sische Erdnussbauern erzielen? Diese und ähnliche Fragen wurden zum Gegenstand konfliktreicher Auseinandersetzungen in den Gremien der EWG in Brüssel. Den institutionellen Rahmen dafür bildete die Assoziierung des Senegal an die EWG, aus der eines ihrer aktivsten Politikfelder hervorging: die gemeinschaftliche Entwicklungspolitik. Die Studie verdeutlicht, dass die EWG im Vergleich zum französischen Spätkolonialismus zwar rasch vieles anders, aber mitnichten alles besser machte.

Alors que les circulations s'intensifient et se diversifient au Proche-Orient, la question de la place des migrants et réfugiés dans les villes se pose avec acuité. Relégués dans les espaces les moins légitimes, ils infléchissent les processus de marginalisation par leurs pratiques et initiatives. Ils évoluent ainsi aux limites et au coeur des sociétés citadines. A Beyrouth, Amman ou Damas, comme à Paris, Calais, Athènes, ils questionnent les sociétés contemporaines sur la place de l'Autre.

How do non-state actors matter in international relations? This volume recognizes three types of non-state actor: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) and transnational corporations. It illustrates how they play roles alongside nation-states and are interrelated in matters of international regulation and coordination. After an introductory part on current qualitative and quantitative sources, this comprehensive collection of state-of-the-art essays is comprised of four main thematic parts: Part II examines actors other than governments, such as transnational religious actors, business representatives and experts, and also parliamentarians and agencies set up by IGOs. Part III studies the perceptions and understandings in political philosophy, international law and international relations theory. It questions concepts used (civil society, NGO, governance) and covers the limitations to be kept in mind. Part IV analyses the nature and impact of non-state actors. Chapters discuss processes within international bureaucracies (diplomacy, dynamism, bureaucratic power, contribution to democracy) and the quintessence of deliberation and decision making within NGOs and IGOs and of implementation, accountability and dispute settlement. Part V studies specific worlds of non-state actors: humanitarian aid, human rights, security, the North-South divide, health, trade and environment. Accessible and articulately written, The Ashgate Research Companion to Non-State Actors is aimed at a wide readership of scholars and practitioners in international relations.

The Spirit of Sustainability helps readers navigate the moral worlds and ethical concepts, and social and religious practices related to sustainability. In collaboration with the Forum on Religion and Ecology, an established network of leading scholars, it explores a wide range of topics and perspectives, from the promise and problems of approaching sustainability through global and indigenous religions, to major theories in philosophy and environmental ethics, and professional practices and social movements. This volume presents the various goals of sustainability - ecological integrity, economic health, human dignity, fairness to the future, and social justice - and provides a framework for reasoning through many interrelated environmental challenges for both current and future generations.

L'évolution de notre monde apparaît de plus en plus inacceptable, sur le plan éthique et politique. Cette inquiétude provient de l'organisation de notre système : conception de l'homme et de la société centrée sur les ambitions individualistes et matérialistes, prédominance des préoccupations économiques sur les préoccupations sociales et priorité à la seule logique marchande. L'effort prioritaire du XXIe siècle doit donc être celui d'une refondation philosophique et éthique de cette conception, avant celui d'un remodelage de nos instruments économiques et techniques.

Riche en ressources naturelles, réservoir de biodiversité, mais aussi lieu de résistance face à la mondialisation néolibérale, l'Amérique latine représente simultanément un intérêt géostratégique majeur et un risque important pour les puissances occidentales. Cet ouvrage propose, au travers de la reconnaissance de(s) logique(s) d'Empire, une analyse des dynamiques et des modalités de domination auxquelles sont confrontés les peuples de la région afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes qui gouvernent aujourd'hui la globalisation néolibérale.