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Nel Medioevo si credeva davvero che la Terra fosse piatta? Violaine Giacomotto-Charra e Sylvie Nony tracciano la storia di questo luogo comune e cercano di comprenderne la genesi. A partire dalle fonti antiche, questo libro rigoroso e vivace esplora la storia della scienza e del sapere durante il Medioevo e il Rinascimento e si concentra sulla genealogia del mito della Terra piatta per capire perché persista nonostante le evidenze scientifiche contrarie. Una riflessione, non priva di umorismo, su come le idee errate possono resistere nel tempo e sul modo in cui le credenze si diffondono nella società.

New Diplomatic History has turned into one of the most dynamic and innovative areas of research – especially with regard to early modern history. It has shown that diplomacy was not as homogenous as previously thought. On the contrary, it was shaped by a multitude of actors, practices and places. The handbook aims to characterise these different manifestations of diplomacy and to contextualise them within ongoing scientific debates. It brings together scholars from different disciplines and historiographical traditions.The handbook deliberately focuses on European diplomacy – although non-European areas are taken into account for future research – in order to limit the framework and ensure precise definitions of diplomacy and its manifestations. This must be the prerequisite for potential future global historical perspectives including both the non-European and the European world.

Este manual aborda o período histórico conhecido como Época Moderna, quando as diferentes regiões do globo entraram em contato e em conflito. Buscando superar a narrativa de uma modernidade singular, europeia e ocidental, os capítulos apresentam os múltiplos agentes históricos atuantes do século XV ao XVIII, das mulheres indígenas da América até as sociedades islâmicas, passando pelas comunidades camponesas europeias. Sem deixar de abordar temas clássicos do período, do Renascimento à Revolução Francesa, esta obra revela que a Época Moderna não é o produto de uma, mas de várias modernidades.

This book offers fresh perspectives on the history of biopolitics and the connection between this and the technology of sovereign power, which disregards or eliminates life.By analyzing Jean Bodin's political thought, which acts as a prime example of early modern biopolitics and proves that the two technologies can coexist while maintaining their conceptual distinction, the author combines Foucauldian genealogy with political theory and intellectual history to argue that Michel Foucault is mistaken in presuming that biopolitics is an explicitly modern occurrence. The book examines Bodin's work on areas such as populationism; censors; climates, humors, and temperaments; and witch hunts.This pioneering book is the first English-language volume to focus on the biopolitical aspects of Bodin's work, with a Foucauldian reading of his political thought. It will appeal to students and scholars of political theory, sovereignty, and governance.

Acredito que produzir análises, na via do domínio dos estudos enunciativos, nos possibilita compreender a designação de enunciados, expressões linguísticas, por exemplo, construção da igreja matriz, como sentidos constituídos no/do centro histórico do Município de Cáceres – MT, na relação língua-sujeito-história constitutiva da identidade cacerense-mato-grossense, que significa no espaço político de textualidade das plantas, em que a designação dos nomes que a integram significa pelo processo de múltiplas temporalidades, ou seja, pelas temporalidades que perpassam os sentidos de diferentes governos, como: Colonial (1530 – 1822), Primeira República (1889 – 1930), também conhecida como Antiga República ou República Velha, da instalação do Governo Provisório até a Nova República, que se estende aos dias atuais. O interesse deste estudo é tomar um conjunto de textos, em específico, os que chamamos de plantas-textos, que se constituem na relação com elementos visuais e geométricos, assim, a partir da relação deles com memoriais escritos (documentos diversos), como Ata de Fundação, Termo de Fundação, plantas e mapas, que acabam estabelecendo relações no tocante à questão da história. Nessa relação, busca-se, pelo estudo da planta, sondar e analisar as designações de elementos linguísticos e não linguísticos que se cruzam no funcionamento de linguagem integrados aos textos.

Bringing together an international group of literary scholars, intellectual historians, and cultural historians, this book discusses history in its various forms, either as texts or images in the early modern period (1500–1800).Early Modern Genres of History explores different genres and representational modes regarded as history before history became a scientific discipline during the nineteenth century. It does not seek to show how the modern discipline of history as an academic study developed, but rather to examine the ways in which historical texts and images became part of a wider field of early modern knowledge formations. This volume demonstrates how history was connected to the developments in the public sphere, how antiquarian historians used genres in their work, how history evolved and functioned in the visual field, and how historical genres travelled across different contexts. Overall, Early Modern Genres of History reveals how the diversity of historical representations in the early modern period has contributed to the broader foundations of history as it is understood in the twenty-first century.This volume is of great use to upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in early modern Europe and the history of knowledge across both the history and literature disciplines.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

Le XVIIe apparaît comme le moment où se seraient définies, dans un même mouvement, les frontières externes et internes de la littérature et de l'État Nation. Les critiques de la notion de classicisme et les nouvelles approches de l'histoire littéraire et politique ont cependant mis en lumière le caractère mouvant, brouillé et essentiellement polémique de ces frontières. Ce sont les usages littéraires, artistiques, historiques et politiques de la frontière, comme ligne de front, limite de territoires et de pouvoirs, et/ou zone d'échanges, de négociations et de transgressions qu'interrogent ces études - transdisciplinaires, puisque les frontières, réelles ou fictionnelles, voire mythiques, sont géographiques, sociales, linguistiques, politiques, génériques, mais se tracent aussi entre la littérature et ce qui n'en relève (relèverait) pas, entre laic et religieux, entre privé et public...

Leonardo's Fables explores the compositional methods and sources of Leonardo's fables and their relationship to illustrations and scientific studies. By concentrating on the chaotic character of Leonardo's textual and visual annotations, the author gradually discloses the artist's creative thinking that uses the page as a space for experimentation. Fables allow Leonardo to tie together his technical and artistic skills, empirical observation, and experience to reveal the interactive forces at the basis of physical phenomena and the tensions between painting and humanistic culture. This study reevaluates Leonardo's fables as part of a literary, aesthetic, and scientific project aimed at the investigation of Nature.

A reframing of how scientific knowledge was produced in the early modern world.Winner of the Phyllis Goodhart Gordan Book Prize by the Renaissance Society of America, Shortlisted for the Pfizer Award by the History of Science SocietyMany accounts of the scientific revolution portray it as a time when scientists disciplined knowledge by first disciplining their own behavior. According to these views, scientists such as Francis Bacon produced certain knowledge by pacifying their emotions and concentrating on method. In The Interlopers, Vera Keller rejects this emphasis on discipline and instead argues that what distinguished early modernity was a navigation away from restraint and toward the violent blending of knowledge from across society and around the globe.Keller follows early seventeenth-century English'projectors'as they traversed the world, pursuing outrageous entrepreneurial schemes along the way. These interlopers were developing a different culture of knowledge, one that aimed to take advantage of the disorder created by the rise of science and technological advances. They sought to deploy the first submarine in the Indian Ocean, raise silkworms in Virginia, and establish the English slave trade. These projectors developed a culture of extreme risk-taking, uniting global capitalism with martial values of violent conquest. They saw the world as a riskscape of empty spaces, disposable people, and unlimited resources.By analyzing the disasters—as well as a few successes—of the interlopers she studies, Keller offers a new interpretation of the nature of early modern knowledge itself. While many influential accounts of the period characterize European modernity as a disciplining or civilizing process, The Interlopers argues that early modernity instead entailed a great undisciplining that entangled capitalism, colonialism, and science.

Drawing on rich archival research and focusing on works by leading artists including Guido Reni and Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Karen J. Lloyd demonstrates that cardinal nephews in seventeenth-century Rome – those nephews who were raised to the cardinalate as princes of the Church – used the arts to cultivate more than splendid social status.Through politically savvy frescos and emotionally evocative displays of paintings, sculptures, and curiosities, cardinal nephews aimed to define nepotism as good Catholic rule. Their commissions took advantage of their unique position close to the pope, embedding the defense of their role into the physical fabric of authority, from the storied vaults of the Vatican Palace to the sensuous garden villas that fused business and pleasure in the Eternal City. This book uncovers how cardinal nephews crafted a seductively potent dialogue on the nature of power, fuelling the development of innovative visual forms that championed themselves as the indispensable heart of papal politics.The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, early modern studies, religious history, and political history.

This volume sheds light on the social and cultural transformations that accompanied the Covid-19 crisis by looking at health and biopolitics from a philosophical and literary perspective. The biopolitical measures taken globally in response to the crisis have led to previously unheard-of restrictions in liberal societies, resulting in deep and potentially lasting transformations both in social structures and interpersonal relationships. Many researchers have addressed the Covid-19 crisis as a political or epidemiological challenge, but few have paid sufficient attention to the culturally specific reactions and cultural representations of the human beings at the centre of events. Literary analyses capture this human component and give insights into different reactions to, and protests against, the health-political measures addressing the crisis. This book puts the notion of biopolitics, first extensively theorised in the 1970s, to work in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic, and uses literary case studies as starting points for discussions of contemporary politics, media, and legal and surveillance regimes. It brings together eleven scholars from six countries with the shared aim of combining literary and philosophical expertise to create a better understanding of the changes in society and political attitudes induced by the ongoing pandemic.

Qu'est-ce que le renseignement? En quoi diffère-t-il de l'espionnage? Qui prend les décisions dans les services secrets? Comment sont menées les opérations spéciales? L'étude du renseignement permet d'aborder ces questions et de s'interroger sur les modalités de son contrôle et de son influence sur la politique étrangère des États.Cette nouvelle édition est enrichie d'un chapitre dédié aux transformations de l'information et au cyber et d'études de cas portant sur des thématiques actuelles : renseignement des entités non étatiques, services secrets américains sous la présidence Trump, droit du renseignement en France, etc.Une introduction sans équivalent à un sujet désormais central des études de sécurité.Cet ouvrage a reçu le Grand Prix oeuvre de création-mention essai'2020 de l'Académie du Renseignement.'

Per tutta l'età moderna, lo Stato della Chiesa fu un principato ben radicato nel sistema degli Stati italiani: articolato in un intreccio piuttosto fitto di piccole e medie città, rette a regime patriziale e interessate da processi di trasformazione urbanistica e abbellimento che ne definirono l'identità. Questo libro ripercorre la vicenda della formazione dello Stato, gli anni di massimo fulgore e la successiva progressiva crisi, conseguenza di una struttura economica fragile, della tempesta rivoluzionaria e della impossibile modernizzazione. Con il tramonto del potere temporale si conclude la vicenda dello Stato della Chiesa, lasciando importanti tracce nel tessuto culturale, artistico, urbanistico e religioso di un'ampia area dell'Italia centrale e soprattutto nella città di Roma.

The Florentine traveler, merchant, and academician Filippo Sassetti was one of the premier economic thinkers of the late Renaissance. Well known for his ethnographic observations, Sassetti was also a commercial writer of the highest caliber—at once an original thinker and a remarkable witness to how Europeans even at the margins of empire were beginning to reconceptualize power and wealth.Unique among commercial theorists of the period, Sassetti offers a first-hand perspective on commerce in both the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. This volume translates (for the first time) the Discourse on Mediterranean Trade and a selection of the principal Indian Letters, with extensive historical notes. These are preceded by a lengthy essay positioning Sassetti as a figure in late Renaissance political economy. It makes the case that Sassetti was an early theorist of what might be termed the pragmatic tradition of free trade—in his case, a project linked to his analysis of commercial institutions in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean. Provoking an invaluable overview of trade in the Indian Ocean in the late sixteenth century, this volume is an excellent specialist text for postgraduate students and professional historians.

Gives accurate and reliable summaries of the current state of research. It includes entries on philosophers, problems, terms, historical periods, subjects and the cultural context of Renaissance Philosophy. Furthermore, it covers Latin, Arabic, Jewish, Byzantine and vernacular philosophy, and includes entries on the cross-fertilization of these philosophical traditions. A unique feature of this encyclopedia is that it does not aim to define what Renaissance philosophy is, rather simply to cover the philosophy of the period between 1300 and 1650.

Arguing that demographic thought begins not with quantification but in attempts to control the qualities of people, Human Empire traces two transformations spanning the early modern period. First was the emergence of population as an object of governance through a series of engagements in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, Ireland, and colonial North America, influenced by humanist policy, reason of state, and natural philosophy, and culminating in the creation of political arithmetic. Second was the debate during the long eighteenth century over the locus and limits of demographic agency, as church, civil society, and private projects sought to mobilize and manipulate different marginalized and racialized groups – and as American colonists offered their own visions of imperial demography. This innovative, engaging study examines the emergence of population as an object of knowledge and governance and connects the history of demographic ideas with their early modern intellectual, political, and colonial contexts.

Kniha nabízí komentář k Machiavelliho Vladaři, zřejmě nejznámějšímu dílu politické teorie. Výklad seznamuje čtenáře s hlavními idejemi a koncepty Machiavelliho politického myšlení a jejich historickým, ideovým a literárním kontextem. Machiavelli je vylíčen jako představitel estetické politické teorie, která namísto řeči zdůrazňuje roli smyslového vnímání jako předpokladu existence politického společenství. Kromě toho kniha věnuje pozornost Machiavelliho specifickému pojetí sociálního konfliktu a jeho kritice oligarchie. Studie vychází současně s novým překladem Vladaře.

Cet ouvrage est consacré aux travaux anatomiques et aux représentations du corps de Léonard de Vinci. Artistes, anatomistes, historiens, philosophes et ingénieurs, auteurs de renommée nationale et internationale examinent et réfléchissent à ce corps humain, ce corps au travers des âges, ce corps « dans tous ses états ». Ils créent ainsi des passerelles entre la Renaissance et l'époque contemporaine, entre sciences et arts, autour de la connaissance et de la représentation du corps. Ce livre est issu d'un colloque international consacré à Léonard de Vinci, organisé à Brest les 5 et 6 décembre 2019, année de commémoration du cinq-centenaire de sa mort.

Listen to the New Books Network Podcast. The first European map of China faintly relied on the copy of a Chinese original, obtained through bribing and espionage; the last covered in this book was the result of the largest land survey ever made until that time. These two and another 125 maps depict, sometimes uniquely, sometimes copying each other, a country whose images were so different that it was hard to understand which to trust. This study reproduces and describes, for the first time, all the maps of China printed in Europe between 1584 and 1735, unravelling the origin of each individual map, their different printing, issues and publication dates. It also tells, for each, the unique story that made possible these visions from another world, stories marked by scholarly breakthroughs, obsession, missionary zeal, commercial sagacity and greed. For a presentation from the author related to the publication entitled China on Copper Plates: The First 150 Years of Chinese Maps in Western Prints (1584-1735), see: here. A summary: On June 23, 2022, the fourth session of the academic lecture series on'The Weavers of Four-Dimensional Space-Time and Their Creation'on the History of Maps was held in the form of an online seminar at the Kuang-Chi International Scholars Center. Dr. Marco Caboara, an Italian scholar from the Lee Shau Kee Library of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, gave a lively presentation entitled'China on Copperplate - the First 150 Years of Western Printed Maps of China, 1584-1735'. The lecture was conducted in both Chinese and English. Associate Professor Lin Hong from the School of Humanities of Shanghai Normal University served as the moderator and translator. Dr. Yang Xunling, Deputy Director of the Library of Macau University of Science and Technology, served as the main responder. Professor Huang Yijun of Minzu University of China, and Deputy Youth Associate of Fudan University Researcher Ding Yannan, Dr. Catarina Batista and Dr. Ângela Gil from the Library of Macau University of Science and Technology, and Dr. Zheng Man from the Free University of Berlin participated in the discussion. Many domestic and foreign scholars and map enthusiasts listened to the lecture online. The lecture lasted nearly three hours.

This in-depth biography of Italian intellectual Antonio Gramsci casts new light on his life and writing, emphasizing his unflagging spirit, even in the many years he spent in prison. One of the most influential political thinkers of the twentieth century, Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) has left an indelible mark on philosophy and critical theory. His innovative work on history, society, power, and the state has influenced several generations of readers and political activists, and even shaped important developments in postcolonial thought. But Gramsci's thinking is scattered across the thousands of notebook pages he wrote while he was imprisoned by Italy's fascist government from 1926 until shortly before his death. To guide readers through Gramsci's life and works, historian Jean-Yves Frétigné offers To Live Is to Resist, an accessible, compelling, and deeply researched portrait of an extraordinary figure. Throughout the book, Frétigné emphasizes Gramsci's quiet heroism and his unwavering commitment to political practice and resistance. Most powerfully, he shows how Gramsci never surrendered, even in conditions that stripped him of all power—except, of course, the power to think.

Why devote a Companion to the'mirrors for princes', whose very existence is debated? These texts offer key insights into political thoughts of the past. Their ambiguous, problematic status further enhances their interest. And although recent research has fundamentally challenged established views of these texts, until now there has been no critical introduction to the genre. This volume therefore fills this important gap, while promoting a global historical perspective of different “mirrors for princes” traditions from antiquity to humanism, via Byzantium, Persia, Islam, and the medieval West. This Companion also proposes new avenues of reflection on the anchoring of these texts in their historical realities. Contributors are Makram Abbès, Denise Aigle, Olivier Biaggini, Hugo Bizzarri, Charles F. Briggs, Sylvène Edouard, Jean-Philippe Genet, John R. Lenz, Louise Marlow, Cary J. Nederman, Corinne Peneau, Stéphane Péquignot, Noëlle-Laetitia Perret, Günter Prinzing, Volker Reinhardt, Hans-Joachim Schmidt, Tom Stevenson, Karl Ubl, and Steven J. Williams.

It is commonly assumed that the creation story of Genesis and its chronology were the only narratives openly available in medieval and early modern Europe and that the discovery of geological time in the eighteenth century came as a momentous breakthrough that shook the faith in the historical accuracy of the Bible. Historians of science, mainstream geologists, and Young Earth creationists alike all share the assumption that the notion of an ancient Earth was highly heterodox in the pre-modern era. The old age of the world is regarded as the offspring of a secularized science. In this book, Ivano Dal Prete radically revises the commonplace history of deep time in Western culture. He argues that the chronology of the Bible always coexisted with alternative approaches that placed the origin of the Earth into a far, undetermined (or even eternal) past. From the late Middle Ages, these notions spread freely not only in universities and among the learned, but even in popular works of meteorology, geology, literature, and art that made them easily accessible to a vernacular and scientifically illiterate public. Religious authorities did not regard these notions as particularly problematic, let alone heretical. Neither the authors nor their numerous readers thought that holding such views was incompatible with their Christian faith. While the appeal of theories centered on the biblical Flood and on a young Earth gained popularity over the course of the seventeenth century, their more secular alternatives remained vital and debated. Enlightenment thinkers, however, created a myth of a Christian tradition that uniformly rejected the antiquity of the world, as opposed to a new secular science ready to welcome it. Largely unchallenged for almost three centuries, that account solidified over time into a still dominant truism. Based on a wealth of mostly unexplored sources, On the Edge of Eternity offers an original and nuanced account of the history of deep time that illuminates the relationship between the history of science and Christianity in the medieval and early modern periods, with lasting implications for Western society.

Machiavelli is chiefly known for The Prince, but his main considerations on politics are found in his later work Discourses on Livy. Despite this book's historical and theoretical importance, its complexity, length and style have often discouraged new readers and interpreters of Machiavelli from engaging with it. For this reason, the Discourses has not been given the attention it deserves. This volume of newly commissioned essays by some of the world's leading Machiavelli experts seeks to remedy this deficiency. It is the first collective volume dedicated specifically to this profound work, covering topics such as Machiavelli's republicanism, the relation between liberty and tyranny, the role of religion, Machiavelli's conception of history, his writing style, his view of society as a plural and conflictive body, his suggestion of how a free state should be organized, and his notions of people and virtù. Contributors: Jérémie Barthas, Thomas Berns, Alessandro Campi, J. Patrick Coby, Marie Gaille, Marco Geuna, Mark Jurdjevic, Cary J. Nederman, Gabriele Pedullà, Diogo Pires Aurélio, Fabio Raimondi, Andre Santos Campos, Miguel Vatter, and Camila Vergara.

Machiavelli's ideas are as important in our time as in his own. His insights and prescriptions help us make sense of today's political upheavals and natural calamities and reduce them to a working order. The chapters in Machiavelli Then and Now explore Machiavelli's central concerns: statecraft and order, liberty and citizenship, diplomacy and leadership, modes of strategization, the quest for empire - all set against the basic contention between autarchy, oligarchy and democracy. They also address the ethical and behaviourial factors behind political practice, such as force, suasion, ambition, corruption and vigilance in public discourse. The contributors consider the role of language, text and the imagination in Machiavelli, and they also bring the Machiavellian discourse closer to our own times, in relation to Gandhi, Gramsci and Althusser. The book will interest historians, political scientists and students of public policy; philosophers, rhetoricians and literary critics; and no less institution builders, diplomats and, administrators.

Les « Miroirs aux princes » (Specula Principum) qui se développent en Europe au ixe siècle sont des traités d'éducation destinés aux monarques. Ils contiennent des principes moraux et décrivent les vertus nécessaires au bon gouvernement selon Dieu. A la Renaissance, un basculement de la morale religieuse à la morale politique s'est traduit par une laïcisation du pouvoir. La question des qualités requises par le bon roi s'est effacée au profit des règles d'organisation, voire de limitations, de ses prérogatives. Les périodes suivantes n'ont fait que confirmer ces changements. En remplaçant les monarchies traditionnelles par des démocraties, la partie vertueuse du métier de roi a été occultée au profit des urnes et de la réglementation institutionnelle dans le rapport gouvernant / gouvernés. Pourtant, les monarchies constitutionnelles se fondent toujours sur des principes moraux, des vertus religieuses, voire sur le sacre, ce qui renvoie à la question de la sacralisation / désacralisation du Prince dans un régime séculier et du rapport au religieux dans le bon gouvernement.

Se propone aquí una lectura del Diálogo de la lengua considerando, por primera vez, los nombres de los tres interlocutores de Valdés en el coloquio (Martio, Coriolano y Pacheco), elementos compositivos importantes e identificando a las personas reales a las que representan, de manera equivalente a como ya se hace desde hace más de un siglo con el interlocutor Valdés. Si detrás de este nombre reconocemos al autor (Juan de Valdés), el desvelamiento de los referentes históricos de los dos italianos (e incluso del silencioso Aurelio) descubre el paisaje cultural en el que nació la obra: el del cenáculo humanístico de Bernardino y Coriolano Martirano, heredero, entre otros napolitanos, de la tradición de la academia de Pontano, a través de su alumno A. G. Parrasio. Los dos Martirano, humanistas también, apoyaban desde sus cargos la política imperial de Carlos V en Italia, como también lo hacía Valdés. Por su parte, el personaje de Pacheco, alter ego de Diego Pacheco Enríquez, III marqués de Villena, autoriza con su prestigio social y su cercanía al emperador la dimensión política del simposio, mientras refuerza simbólicamente el pasado español de Valdés. Las epifanías de los personajes confirman que el modelo de lengua castellana'cortesana'que Valdés bosqueja es una exigencia que sienten los mismos italianos.

Antonio Gramsci morreu em 1937, depois de passar mais de dez anos nos cárceres do fascismo. Perante o tribunal que o condenou, o procurador fascista responsável pela acusação exclamou:'É preciso impedir este cérebro de funcionar por vinte anos'. Apesar disso, o prisioneiro continuou seu trabalho intelectual e político na prisão. Sua obra, composta de artigos para a imprensa comunista, documentos partidários e dos enigmáticos cadernos de anotações que redigiu na prisão revelou-se com o tempo rica de significados para interpretar a crise da sociedade contemporânea e estimular movimentos de emancipação. Traduzido mundialmente, esse rico pensamento assumiu contornos particulares nos diferentes contextos nacionais. Na América Latina, Gramsci nos ajudou a imaginar novas estratégias para o socialismo e foi abraçado por partidos de esquerda e movimentos sociais. Sua presença se fez notar e tornou-se o inimigo número um da extrema direita, acusado de promover uma'guerra cultural'. Neste novo livro, o professor de ciência política da Unicamp, Alvaro Bianchi, investiga esses diferentes mundos nos quais o pensamento gramsciano circulou, como um rastilho de pólvora, incendiando o pensamento crítico.

Cet essai considère l'espace public mexicain en tant que construction sociale hiérarchisée, révélatrice des rapports de pouvoir et des orientations idéologiques qui se manifestent depuis que les femmes autochtones, organisées collectivement, y jouent un rôle spécifique, tant économique que politique. L'analyse des dispositifs de développement rural, au sein de l'espace économique, met en évidence les phénomènes d'altérisation mais aussi de constitution du sujet femme autochtone, à partir des rapports de pouvoir qu'elles subissent et sur lesquels elles se donnent la possibilité d'agir. L'espace politique féminin autochtone, quant à lui, est un espace pluriel où de nouveaux imaginaires entrent en compétition; parmi eux, le corporatisme et la résistance rebelle zapatiste. Rendre compte de l'intervention des femmes autochtones dans l'espace public nécessite d'articuler le genre avec l'exclusion ethnique, la classe sociale et la citoyenneté. Dès lors, ce texte met en évidence les identités sociales, sexuelles, culturelles et ethniques – et leurs transformations –, ainsi que les processus de légitimation sociale et politique de groupes sociaux émergents.

Every year, the Bibliography catalogues the most important new publications, historiographical monographs, and journal articles throughout the world, extending from prehistory and ancient history to the most recent contemporary historical studies. Within the systematic classification according to epoch, region, and historical discipline, works are also listed according to author's name and characteristic keywords in their title. Volume LXXXIV (2015) mentions works published with the date 2015, in thirty-five languages (in order of appearance: Italian, French, Latin, Hebrew, Romanian, English, German, Castilian, Spanish, Dutch, Persian, Hungarian, Swedish, Latvian, Arab, Portuguese, Serbian, Finnish, Danish, Slovak, Polish, Croatian, Russian, Bulgarian, Norwegian, Greek, Turkish, Japanese, Catalan, Czech, Lithuanian, Chinese, Korean, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Kurdish). The large Editorial Board of IBHS is interdisciplinary and multinational, reflecting the composition of the research community the journal will serve. This breadth of languages ​​and countries represented is an important sign of continuity in a publication characterized since from its origins by a broad sight and a collective work.

Questo volume riunisce il mondo dei dantisti e quello di fumettisti e illustratori che hanno tratto ispirazione da Dante. Una prima sezione ripercorre e analizza la presenza dell'Alighieri nei fumetti italiani dalla fine dell'Ottocento ai giorni nostri, dal rapporto con l'archetipo Gustave Doré alle più recenti realizzazioni per il web, attraverso importanti snodi della storia della nona arte in Italia – Guido Martina, Milo Manara, Benito Jacovitti, Marcello, Astrid – fino ai più famosi protagonisti di questi albi, come Topolino, Geppo, Cattivik e tanti altri. La seconda sezione ospita una galleria di opere inedite e alterna scritti di importanti esponenti del mondo del fumetto a contributi di artisti contemporanei che hanno prestato a Dante la loro immaginazione creativa.

The period 1517-1625 was crucial for the development of political thought. During this time of expanding empires, religious upheaval, and social change, new ideas about the organisation and purpose of human communities began to be debated. In particular, there was a concern to understand the political or civil community as bounded, limited in geographical terms and with its own particular structures, characteristics and history. There was also a growing focus, in the wake of the Reformation, on civil or political authority as distinct from the church or religious authority. The concept of sovereignty began to be used, alongside a new language of reason of state--in response, political theories based upon religion gained traction, especially arguments for the divine right of kings. In this volume Sarah Mortimer highlights how, in the midst of these developments, the language of natural law became increasingly important as a means of legitimising political power, opening up scope for religious toleration. Drawing on a wide range of sources from Europe and beyond, Sarah Mortimer offers a new reading of early modern political thought. She makes connections between Christian Europe and the Muslim societies that lay to its south and east, showing the extent to which concerns about the legitimacy of political power were shared. Mortimer demonstrates that the history of political thought can both benefit from, and remain distinctive within, the wider field of intellectual history. The books in The Oxford History of Political Thought series provide an authoritative overview of the political thought of a particular era. They synthesize and expand major developments in scholarship, covering canonical thinkers while placing them in a context of broader traditions, movements, and debates. The history of political thought has been transformed over the last thirty to forty years. Historians still return to the constant landmarks of writers such as Plato, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Rousseau, and Marx; but they have roamed more widely and often thereby cast new light on these authors. They increasingly recognize the importance of archival research, a breadth of sources, contextualization, and historiographical debate. Much of the resulting scholarship has appeared in specialist journals and monographs. The Oxford History of Political Thought makes its profound insights available to a wider audience. Series Editor: Mark Bevir, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for British Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

If the universe were conceived to fulfill a certain divine plan or to manifest God's will and glory, what would the place of an individual be within this plan? What is more, if, from the very beginning of its existence and through divine providence, it were predestined to be driven toward a certain end, how could people adjust their individual lives to the incognizable universal design and react to the obscure future fraught with both luck and failure? These questions, which have occupied humanity for centuries, formed a remarkable element of early modern European thought. This collection of essays presents new insights into what shaped and constituted reflections on fate and fortune between, roughly, 1400 and 1650, both in word and image. This volume argues that these ideas were emblematic of a more fundamental argument about the self, society, and the universe and shows that their influence was more widespread, geographically and thematically, than hitherto assumed. Contributors: Damiano Acciarino, Ovanes Akopyan, Elisabeth Blum, Paul Richard Blum, Jo Coture, Guido Giglioni, Dalia Judovitz, Sophie Raux, Orlando Reade, and John Sellars.

'Egemonia'è un termine oggi di largo impiego in molti settori delle scienze umane e sociali, con uno spettro di significati assai ampio. Nella sua accezione generale di predominio di una parte sull'altra fondato sulla combinazione di forza e consenso più o meno spontaneo, il concetto ha dietro di sé una storia ultramillenaria, che comincia con le città-stato della Grecia antica, attraversa i secoli per vie anche sotterranee e arriva sino ai nostri giorni, in buona parte grazie alla fortuna mondiale dell'opera di Gramsci, il pensatore novecentesco che ne ha fatto più uso. Ne risulta un quadro articolato, in cui l'egemonia non si contrappone più ad altre categorie del lessico politico, come democrazia, impero o dittatura, ma si intreccia indissolubilmente con esse.

In this study Céline Dauverd analyses the link between early modern imperialism and religion via the principle of'good government'. She charts how the Spanish viceroys of southern Italy aimed to secure a new political order through their participation in religious processions, alliance-building with minority groups, and involvement in local charities. The viceroys'good government included diplomacy, compromise, and pragmatism, as well as a high degree of Christian ethics and morality, made manifest in their rapport with rituals. Spanish viceroys were not so much idealistic social reformers as they were legal pragmatists, committed to a political vision that ensured the longevity of the Spanish empire. The viceroys resolved the tension between Christian ideals and Spanish imperialism by building religious ties with the local community. Bringing a new approach to Euro-Mediterranean history, Dauverd shows how the viceroys secured a new political order, and re-evaluates Spain's contributions to the early modern European world.

The age of exploration exposed the limits of available universal histories. Everyday interactions with cultures and societies across the globe brought to light a multiplicity of pasts which proved difficult to reconcile with an emerging sense of unity in the world. Among the first to address the questions posed by this challenge were a handful of Renaissance historians. On what basis could they narrate the history of hitherto unknown peoples? Why did the Bible and classical works say nothing about so many visible traces of ancient cultures? And how far was it possible to write histories of the world at a time of growing religious division in Europe and imperial rivalry around the world? A study of the cross-fertilization of historical writing in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, The Globe on Paper reconstructs a set of imaginative accounts worked out from Mexico to the Moluccas and Peru, and from the shops of Venetian printers to the rival courts of Spain and England. The pages of this book teem with humanists, librarians, missionaries, imperial officials, as well as forgers and indigenous chroniclers. Drawing on information gathered--or said to have been gathered--from eyewitness reports, interviews with local inhabitants, ancient codices, and material evidence, their global narratives testify to an unprecedented broadening of horizons which briefly flourished before succumbing to the forces of imperial and religious reaction.

La presente obra ofrece una perspectiva sobre la investigación realizada en la última década acerca de la Escuela de Salamanca. Se trata de un período caracterizado por la renovación de los métodos de estudio, el creciente interés de diversas disciplinas en la escolástica salmantina, su internacionalización como campo de estudios y el lanzamiento de distintos proyectos de investigación y edición de fuentes destinados a ampliar los horizontes de estudio de la misma, hasta hace poco tiempo muy concentrados en el estudio de la ley natural, el derecho de gentes y algunos temas teológicos y metafísicos. La revisión crítica de la investigación reciente sobre la Escuela de Salamanca que presentamos apoya sus principales conclusiones en una amplia bibliografía de trabajos académicos sobre la Escuela publicados entre 2008 y 2019, ordenada de acuerdo a una exhaustiva lista de descriptores temáticos que hacen fácilmente localizables las publicaciones consagradas a un determinado autor, concepto, tema de investigación o institución (órdenes mendicantes, Universidades,...). Aunque la mayoría de conceptos utilizados como descriptores son conceptos filosófico-políticos e histórico-jurídicos, la bibliografía recoge y ordena a nivel conceptual e institucional, muchos otros trabajos sobre la Escuela de interés para la historia del libro, las Universidades, la filosofía natural o la epistemología, en lo que se pretende sea un reflejo fiel del actual interés multidisciplinar sobre la escolástica salmantina.

Shortlisted for the Deutscher Memorial Prize 2021. Winner of the prestigious'Giuseppe Sormani International Prize'for works on Antonio Gramsci (Fifth edition, 2020). In Caesarism and Bonapartism in Gramsci, Francesca Antonini offers a fresh insight into Antonio Gramsci's thought. Building on the achievements of recent Gramscian scholarship, she investigates his usage of the concepts of Bonapartism and Caesarism, both in his pre-prison writings and in the Prison Notebooks. The Caesarist-Bonapartist paradigm relates crucially to Gramsci's reflections on hegemony and on its transformations across the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. While this model is essential to Gramsci's understanding of the interwar period and of the Fascist regime in Italy, it also sheds a meaningful light on other past and present scenarios, from the French Second Empire to the USSR of his time. Finally, yet importantly, Antonini's analysis illuminates Gramsci's approach towards the Marxian legacy. See inside the book.

Leonardo ebbe un rapporto complesso e per certi versi contraddittorio con la scrittura. Discendente da una famiglia in cui si erano succedute generazioni di notai, era però figlio illegittimo e per questo destinato a un'educazione limitata al sapere pratico. Proiettato verso il futuro nella sua attività progettuale, ma sempre rivolto alla lezione degli antichi. Convinto della superiorità del disegno sulla parola, ma impegnato per buona parte della vita a registrare per iscritto le attività di bottega, i pensieri o i fatti della quotidianità. Il volume ricostruisce la relazione che il genio universale ebbe con lo scrivere e con i libri. Dopo averne ripercorso la formazione grafica, l'autore indaga sulla sua scrittura e in particolare sul singolare orientamento da destra a sinistra, per passare infine all'esame dei suoi libri, testimoni in presa diretta del lavoro svolto giorno dopo giorno nell'officina vinciana.

Knowledge and the Early Modern City uses case studies from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries to examine the relationships between knowledge and the city and how these changed in a period when the nature and conception of both was drastically transformed.Both knowledge formation and the European city were increasingly caught up in broader institutional structures and regional and global networks of trade and exchange during the early modern period. Moreover, new ideas about the relationship between nature and the transcendent, as well as technological transformations, impacted upon both considerably. This book addresses the entanglement between knowledge production and the early modern urban environment while incorporating approaches to the city and knowledge in which both are seen as emerging from hybrid networks in which human and non-human elements continually interact and acquire meaning. It highlights how new forms of knowledge and new conceptions of the urban co-emerged in highly contingent practices, shedding a new light on present-day ideas about the impact of cities on knowledge production and innovation. Providing the ideal starting point for those seeking to understand the role of urban institutions, actors and spaces in the production of knowledge and the development of the so-called ‘modern'knowledge society, this is the perfect resource for students and scholars of early modern history and knowledge.

This incisive and illuminating biography follows the three themes that shaped the life of Leonardo da Vinci and, through him, forever changed Western art and imagination: nature, art, and self-fashioning. Nature and art helped form Leonardo. He spent his first twelve years in the Tuscan countryside before entering the most reputed artistic workshop of Florence. There he blossomed as one of the most promising painters of his time and promptly applied his skills to explore and question the world through science and invention. Leonardo was also self-fashioned: he received only a basic education and grew up around peasants and artisans. But from the 1480s onwards, he transformed himself into a court artist and became a familiar of kings and rulers. Following the chronology of Leonardo's extraordinary life, this book examines Leonardo as artist, courtier, and thinker, and explores how these aspects found expression in his paintings, as well as in his work in sculpture, architecture, theater design, urban planning, engineering, anatomy, geology, and cartography. François Quiviger concludes with observations on Leonardo's relevance today as a model of the multidisciplinary artist who combines imagination, art, and science—the original, and ultimate, Renaissance Man.

Qu'est-ce que le renseignement? En quoi diffère-t-il de l'espionnage? Qui prend les décisions dans les services secrets? Comment sont menées les opérations spéciales? L'étude du renseignement permet d'aborder ces questions et de s'interroger sur les modalités de son contrôle et de son influence sur la politique étrangère des États.Cette nouvelle édition est enrichie d'un chapitre dédié aux transformations de l'information et au cyber, et d'études de cas portant sur des thématiques actuelles : renseignement des entités non étatiques, services secrets américains sous laprésidence Trump, droit du renseignement en France, etc.Une introduction sans équivalent à un sujet désormais central des études de sécurité.

A united Europe needs new visions to take it forward. This is even more relevant in times of acute crises, such as the financial and banking crisis, the eurozone crisis or the refugee crisis, and in times of other events which threaten solidarity in Europe, such as Brexit. In his book ‘Europas vergessene Visionäre'(Europe's forgotten Visionaries), Winfried Böttcher reveals how visions once arose. This outstanding work brings together important European thinkers with great visions for Europe who have been unfairly forgotten. In doing so, it builds on Böttcher's successful standard reference work ‘Klassiker des europäischen Denkens'(Quintessential Figures in European Thinking). Just like quintessential thinkers, visionaries also contribute to validating the past and the present and to shaping the future. In this book, 25 eminent authors from 18 universities and academic institutions focus on these ‘forgotten'visionaries for Europe from 13 countries. They reveal to us how different visions can be in depicting the future.

The second volume of Leonardo Studies explores a dual theme of nature and architecture, offering a wide-ranging overview of current Leonardo scholarship on these two abundant subjects. While Leonardo worked on his Treatise on Painting, he noted that understanding the physical properties of nature must precede individual projects of painting or designing buildings. The volume begins with the Trattato, and follows with physics, geology, painting that imitates architectural structure and vice-versa, and proceeds to architectural projects, questions of attribution, urban planning, and and the dissemination of Leonardo's writings in the Trattato and its historiography. This impressive group of articles constitutes not only new research, but also a departure point for future studies on these topics. Contributors are: Janis Bell, Andrea Bernardoni, Marco Carpiceci, Paolo Cavagnero, Fabio Colonnese, Kay Etheridge, Diane Ghirardo, Claudio Giorgione, Domenico Laurenza, Catherine Lucheck, Silvio Mara, Jill Pederson, Richard Schofield, Sara Taglialagamba, Cristiano Tessari, Marco Versiero, and Raffaella Zama.

„Schriftlose Vergangenheiten“ sind vergangene Kulturen, Völker, Ereignisse und Zustände, die keine oder nur unzulängliche schriftliche Quellen hinterlassen haben. Die Beiträge führen vor, wie historisch arbeitende Gelehrte und WissenschaftlerInnen – von der Neuzeit bis in die Gegenwart – sich mit diesem Vakuum auseinandersetzen, welche alternativen Überreste sie zu aussagekräftigen Quellen konstruieren und welche „Geschichten“ dabei entstehen.

In early modern Europe, international law emerged as a means of governing relations between rapidly consolidating sovereign states, purporting to establish a normative order for the perilous international world. However, it was intrinsically fragile and uncertain, for sovereign states had no acknowledged common authority that would create, change, apply, and enforce legal norms. In Imagining World Order, Chenxi Tang shows that international world order was as much a literary as a legal matter. To begin with, the poetic imagination contributed to the making of international law. As the discourse of international law coalesced, literary works from romances and tragedies to novels responded to its unfulfilled ambitions and inexorable failures, occasionally affirming it, often contesting it, always uncovering its problems and rehearsing imaginary solutions.Tang highlights the various modes in which literary texts—some highly canonical (Camões, Shakespeare, Corneille, Lohenstein, and Defoe, among many others), some largely forgotten yet worth rediscovering—engaged with legal thinking in the period from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. In tracing such engagements, he offers a dual history of international law and European literature. As legal history, the book approaches the development of international law in this period—its so-called classical age—in terms of literary imagination. As literary history, Tang recounts how literature confronted the question of international world order and how, in the process, a set of literary forms common to major European languages (epic, tragedy, romance, novel) evolved.

Cette relecture de l'ouvrage de Machiavel annonce la manière dont la sécurité est vouée à prendre une place de plus en plus importante dans l'exercice du pouvoir moderne et contemporain. L'œuvre de Machiavel marque l'importance naissante de la sécurité du territoire, dans l'optique d'une clarification de la réforme militaire tout en restant pertinente pour l'Afrique contemporaine.

Few Renaissance Venetians saw the New World with their own eyes. As the print capital of early modern Europe, however, Venice developed a unique relationship to the Americas. Venetian editors, mapmakers, translators, writers, and cosmographers represented the New World at times as a place that the city's mariners had discovered before the Spanish, a world linked to Marco Polo's China, or another version of Venice, especially in the case of Tenochtitlan. Elizabeth Horodowich explores these various and distinctive modes of imagining the New World, including Venetian rhetorics of'firstness', similitude, othering, comparison, and simultaneity generated through forms of textual and visual pastiche that linked the wider world to the Venetian lagoon. These wide-ranging stances allowed Venetians to argue for their different but equivalent participation in the Age of Encounters. Whereas historians have traditionally focused on the Spanish conquest and colonization of the New World, and the Dutch and English mapping of it, they have ignored the wide circulation of Venetian Americana. Horodowich demonstrates how with their printed texts and maps, Venetian newsmongers embraced a fertile tension between the distant and the close. In doing so, they played a crucial yet heretofore unrecognized role in the invention of America.

Sulmone, roi de Perse, veut marier au roi des Parthes sa fille Orbecche. Or celle-ci, quatre ans auparavant, a épousé en secret Oronte, dont elle a eu deux fils. Quand Sulmone l'apprend, il tue sauvagement, le père et les enfans et fait ensuite de la tête et des mains d'Oronte un présent qu'il offre à sa fille. Orbecche poignarde alors Sulmone et se suicide. Tels sont les terribles événements relatés dans Orbecche. Héritière du théâtre latin de Sénèque, cette première tragédie de Giraldi présente tous les ingrédients de l'horreur qui, jointe à la pitié, purge l'homme de ses passions. Représenté à Ferrare en 1541, Orbecche est proposée pour la première fois, ici, dans sa traduction française avec, en regard, le texte italien de l'édition originale de 1543.