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This book revisits the Treaty of Lisbon's promise to further parliamentarize the EU's functioning by looking into the Treaty-law framework governing the delegation of legislative power in the EU. In this field, the Lisbon Treaty formally greatly strengthened the position of the European Parliament vis-à-vis both the European Commission and the Council. The book explores whether Parliament's formally reinforced role is reflected in the actual balance of powers in the area of delegated legislation and executive rule-making. It does so by assessing how both the law and practice of decision-making at the legislative level, looking at specific case studies, and the sub-legislative level, examining the scrutiny over delegated legislation, has crystallized in the ten years following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. This rigorous study gives a fascinating insight into one of the most significant developments in European parliamentary law-making, which EU constitutional lawyers will find required reading.

This book is the outcome of a research seminar entitled'Delegation of Legislative Powers in the European Community: The Role of Committees'which was held in London on 16 and 17 January 1998. The seminar brought together academics of political and legal science from different countries of the European Community in order to provide an as diverse as possible set of perspectives on the topic. This interdisciplinary approach is also reflected in the book. Some of the chapters of the book are based on papers delivered at the seminar. The first part of the book is primarily devoted to a political science perspective on comitology and provides a general theoretical framework. The second part is concerned with normative analysis, in a legal tradition, of the issue of delegation of legislative powers. The aim here is to see to what extent the national concepts and institutes of delegation of powers can contribute to a better understanding of the Community concept of delegation. The third part of the book concerns the institutional perspective and deals with the history of comitology and the role of the Court of Justice in the development of the system. The fourth and final part of the book examines various areas of EC law, including environmental law, product safety and other areas.

Legislative Drafting for the EU calls for reform in the design of EU legislation to bolster its strength in political, social, and economic spheres. The book offers technical guidance on how to achieve such reform through drafting, and underlines the importance of accessible communication to create collective ownership of the regulatory aims.This innovative book reveals the weaknesses in the current drafting of EU law and recommends concrete changes for these regulations and directives in order to aid transposition. Highlighting the importance of drafting techniques, Helen Xanthaki offers an insightful analysis of EU legislation and emphasises the benefit of citizen-centred law-making in sustaining loyalty and trust in the EU. The author explores how reform is necessary to reflect the current usage of EU legislative expressions as the final legislative text for regulation, both at supranational and national levels. Considering the best ways to aid this reform, the book discusses legislative effectiveness and regulatory efficacy, Thornton's methodology, and the use of easified and gender inclusive language to achieve clarity, precision, and unambiguity.Providing an incisive examination of EU legislative drafting and its implications for the member states, this thought-provoking book is a crucial read for scholars of European law, legislative drafting, regulation, and EU studies.

Governing by Numbers is a jargon-free account of how delegated legislation - laws that do not pass through the full legislative scrutiny to which Acts of Parliament are subjected - is made. It is based on new research involving an analysis of nearly 30,000 pieces of delegated legislation; detailed investigation of 46 recent regulations based on in-depth interviews with those involved in developing, writing and scrutinising them and a major survey of nearly 400 interest groups. Delegatedlegislation is examined as a form of'everyday policy-making'. It deals with important issues, from the level of welfare benefits to weapons exports, animal health and the prevention of air pollution, yet has been largely ignored in studies of the British political and administrative system. This book analyses the distinctive character of everyday policy making and the implications of how it works for our understanding of British democracy.

This book examines the law and practice of the delegation of rulemaking powers to the European Commission. It combines legal doctrine with empirical research methods to bridge the gap between “law on the books” and “law in action” to fully appreciate the meaning and the impact of the changes post-Lisbon. The results of the empirical case study provide food for thought on how the current legal framework regime for delegated rulemaking by the European Commission could be improved. The findings seek to contribute to the academic and policy debates on this research topic that is likely to continue in forthcoming years.

This book analyzes the benefits of and legal concerns in connection with the delegated legislation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as a prime example of experimental legislation in Chinese law. It offers solutions for improving the legal design of experimental regulations in Special Economic Zones by striking a balance between the pursuit of rapid socio-economic progress on the one hand, and the increasing need and will to govern by the rule of law on the other. The book offers a valuable guide for the academic community and legal practitioners, as well as students eager to gain insights into Chinese constitutional law and the conflict between legality and achieving reforms.

With the Chinese government planning a comprehensive and detailed reform of regulatory law, the European experience is likely to contribute significantly. This timely book analyses comparative Chinese and EU regulatory reform from a Law and Economics perspective. With eminent international contributors, Regulatory Reform in China and the EU sets out a reform agenda by addressing financial markets, social and administrative regulation, and environmental protection. The first part of the book discusses the banking sector reform and the stock market regulation concerning institutional investors, insider trading and private enforcement. A second part discusses contract law and considers how EU state aid policy could also influence reform on (local) government in other jurisdictions. Thirdly, environmental pollution and the need for stricter regulation are considered, with a focus on the possibilities of investment in new technology, such as offshore carbon capture and storage, economic growth and the nexus between WTO law and climate change. The fourth and final part of the book provides an essay by Jonathan Klick on the empirical analysis of regulation, with a particular focus on field experiments in China. Academics and postgraduate students of both Economics and Law with a particular interest in regulation will find this book valuable and compelling. Policy-makers and practitioners will also benefit from the insights revealed by the collaboration of lawyers and economists.Contributors include: R. Chen, Y. Chen, J. Dai, M.G. Faure, S. Feng, B. Gui, H. Jiye, J. Klick, W. Li, R.A. Partain, N. Philipsen, X. Tao, S. Weishaar, G. Xu, W. Xu, T. Zhou, Q. Zhou

This timely and original book provides an exploration of the factors that combine to determine the form of regulatory problems and the overall success or failure of regulation. Using environmental regulation as a basis for analysis, this book puts forward a theoretical framework for the design of effective regulation and demonstrates how businesses'compliance with environmental regulation, in particular, could be improved.The authors address previous shortcomings in regulatory explanations, which have frequently overlooked the structural character of regulation and underplayed how the factors involved work together to determine regulatory shape and performance. In seeking to address this deficit, the authors develop a compliance line to demonstrate how different choices on how to regulate will affect compliance outcomes. Chapters include a review of how regulation has changed and sought to improve over the years, the relationship between rule following and regulation, how regulation incorporates and relies on necessary conditions, an identification of the trade-offs involved in regulating, and a discussion of why regulation is, by necessity and to a degree, unfair.Providing theories for how regulation can be structured to improve compliance, The Structure of Regulation will be a key resource for students and academics in the fields of law and regulation, environment studies, public policy and political science.

Este texto identifica el uso por parte de los órganos de cierre de la jurisdicción constitucional y administrativa de instrumentos del soft law para decidir en derecho sus providencias en materia de autoridades regulatorias a partir del año 2003. Mediante un estudio exhaustivo que presenta las diversas transformaciones del Estado tras el fin de la Guerra Fría, marcado por el fenómeno de la globalización, se hace una revisión de las diversas implicaciones conceptuales y teóricas sobre el soft law y de las autoridades administrativas independientes, lo que deriva en un estudio sistematizado de las diversas providencias proferidas por el Consejo de Estado y la Corte Constitucional. En ese sentido, este libro expone una visión actual y amplia del desarrollo del fenómeno del soft law como agente transformador del derecho administrativo colombiano dentro de un proceso de repensamiento del rol del Estado en las dinámicas sociales, jurídicas y políticas. El lector podrá acceder a nuevas nociones en la materia, además de tener una aproximación multimodal de las nuevas tendencias del derecho administrativo en nuevos entornos que suponen retos organizacionales para el Estado.

Normsetzung obliegt im Staat des Grundgesetzes nicht allein und nicht ausschließlich der Legislative. In quantitativ und qualitativ erheblichem Umfang erläßt die Exekutive ebenfalls abstrakt-generelle Regelungen. Gerade im Sozialversicherungsrecht findet sich eine Vielzahl exekutiver Normsetzungsformen jenseits der traditionellen Steuerungsinstrumente Rechtsverordnung, Satzung und Verwaltungsvorschrift, in denen für die Versicherten und für die Leistungserbringer wesentliche Entscheidungen getroffen werden. Umfang und Inhalt der zu erbringenden ärztlichen Leistungen im Krankheitsfall ergeben sich heute beispielsweise in weitem Umfang nicht aus dem Parlamentsgesetz, sondern aus untergesetzlichen Vorschriften. Deren verfassungsrechtliche Zulässigkeit ist zweifelhaft, denn'Wesentliches'hat nach der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts das demokratisch legitimierte Parlament in Form des Gesetzes zu regeln. Peter Axer geht anhand der Formenvielfalt des Sozialversicherungsrechts den Fragen der grundgesetzlichen Voraussetzungen und Grenzen für die exekutive Normsetzung nach. Dabei entwickelt er allgemein Kriterien für die Zulässigkeit untergesetzlicher Normsetzung.

Florian Becker nimmt die Beobachtung, daß der Staat immer öfter Gesetzesinhalte mit privaten Akteuren aushandelt, zum Anlaß einer umfassenden verfassungsrechtlichen Untersuchung solcher kooperativer und konsensualer Strukturen in der Normsetzung und schließt damit aus verfassungsrechtlicher Sicht an die Diskussion um das Phänomen kooperativer Staatlichkeit an. Der'kooperative Staat'versucht, seine expansiv gewachsenen Aufgaben durch die Integration Privater in staatliche Funktionen zu bewältigen. Individuen und Verbände werden in diesem Zusammenhang auch und gerade an den verschiedenen Formen der Normsetzung beteiligt. Diese Beteiligung erfolgt etwa durch Konsultation oder Anhörung von Sachverständigen und Interessenverbänden, aber auch durch den Abschluß von Normen- und Normsetzungsverträgen zwischen Staat und Privaten. Von nicht geringerer Bedeutung ist der Umstand, daß der Staat ganze Regelungsbereiche partiell oder vollständig in private Hand gibt und sich dabei in ganz unterschiedlichem Maße eine Restverantwortung vorbehält. Die wachsende Zahl kooperativer und konsensualer Strukturen in der Normsetzung ist nur vor dem Hintergrund der sozialwissenschaftlichen Steuerungsdiskussion zu verstehen. Diese analysiert Bedingungen sowie Wirkungen rechtlicher Steuerung und entwickelt Strategien zur Verbesserung von Steuerungserfolgen. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können und dürfen aber die Rahmenbedingungen der Verfassung nicht ignorieren. Die juristische Dogmatik muß den Forschungsergebnissen der Sozialwissenschaften Rechnung tragen, kann sie aber letztlich nur zum Ausgangspunkt ihrer Eigenleistung nehmen, die kooperativen und konsensualen Strukturen der Normsetzung zu systematisieren und in ihren verfassungsrechtlichen Rahmen einzupassen.

In the international law of the 21st century, more and more regulation comes in the form of post-treaty rules. Developed in environmental law, this trend increasingly spreads to areas ranging from tobacco regulation to arms trade. This book offers the first systematic examination of these decisions, resolutions and recommendations adopted by treaty bodies, to assess their effectiveness. The study shows that the authority of such rules is in question as, in practice, treaty parties retain almost complete discretion when it comes to their implementation. This conclusion gives rise to two key questions. To what extent does this ambiguous authority affect adherence to procedural principles like legal certainty, non-arbitrariness and the duty to state reasons? And can the legitimacy of the process and content of post-treaty rules fill the gaps in their authority? In assessing these questions, the study shines a light on this crucial but neglected area in international law scholarship and forms a starting point for improvements and reform.

Emphasizing that administrative law must be understood within the context of the political system, this core text combines a descriptive systems approach with a social science focus. Author Kenneth F. Warren explains the role of administrative law in shaping, guiding, and restricting the actions of administrative agencies. Providing comprehensive coverage, he examines the field not only from state and federal angles, but also from the varying perspectives of legislators, administrators, and the public.Substantially revised, the sixth edition emphasizes current trends in administrative law, recent court decisions, and the impact the Trump administration has had on public administration and administrative law. Special attention is devoted to how the neo-conservative revival, strengthened by Trump appointments to the federal judiciary, have influenced the direction of administrative law and impacted the administrative state. Administrative Law in the Political System: Law, Politics, and Regulatory Policy, Sixth Edition is a comprehensive administrative law textbook written by a social scientist for social science students, especially upper division undergraduate and graduate students in political science, public administration, public management, and public policy and administration programs.

A pioneering model for constructing and assessing government authority and achieving policy goals more effectivelyRegulation is frequently less successful than it could be, largely because the allocation of authority to regulatory institutions, and the relationships between them, are misunderstood. As a result, attempts to create new regulatory programs or mend under-performing ones are often poorly designed. Reorganizing Government explains how past approaches have failed to appreciate the full diversity of alternative approaches to organizing governmental authority. The authors illustrate the often neglected dimensional and functional aspects of inter-jurisdictional relations through in-depth explorations of several diverse case studies involving securities and banking regulation, food safety, pollution control, resource conservation, and terrorism prevention. This volume advances an analytical framework of governmental authority structured along three dimensions—centralization, overlap, and coordination. Camacho and Glicksman demonstrate how differentiating among these dimensions better illuminates the policy tradeoffs of organizational alternatives, and reduces the risk of regulatory failure. The book also explains how differentiating allocations of authority based on governmental function can lead to more effective regulation and governance. The authors illustrate the practical value of this framework for future reorganization efforts through the lens of climate change, an emerging and vital global policy challenge, and propose an “adaptive governance” infrastructure that could allow policy makers to embed the creation, evaluation, and adjustment of the organization of regulatory institutions into the democratic process itself.

As procedures governing the rulemaking process have proliferated since the Administrative Procedure Act was enacted, the potential procedural pitfalls have multiplied. This 6th edition brings the Guide up-to-date with respect to recent cases and changes introduced during the latter half of the Obama Administration and the early years of the Trump Administration.

In the face of current confusion regarding the use of articles 290 and 291 TFEU, there is a need to further develop the theory of legislative delegation in the EU Commission. This timely book approaches this question from a practical perspective with a detailed examination of how the legislator uses delegated and implementing mandates in different fields of EU law.Offering an analysis of legislative practice and providing concrete evidence of how articles 290 and 291 TFEU are actually handled, the expert contributors offer new insights into potential developments in EU administrative law. From this emerges a tentative categorisation that separates delegated rule-making from implementing rule-making according to the differentiation of substantive and procedural matters. However, as difficulties in the categorisation continue to remain, the book explores their systemic reasons, deeply rooted in the unclear constitutional shape of the EU.The Legislative Choice Between Delegated and Implementing Acts in EU Law will be essential reading for law academics and course leaders as well as practitioners in national and EU administration interested in this ongoing debate central to EU administrative law. Contributors include: M. Chamon, J. Karsten, F. Lafarge, M. Ortino, A. Ott, S. Röttger-Wirtz, E. Tauschinsky, A. Vincze, W. Weiß, D. Zdobnõh

Challenging the conventional narrative that the European Union suffers from a'democratic deficit,'Athanasios Psygkas argues that EU mandates have enhanced the democratic accountability of national regulatory agencies. This is because EU law has created entry points for stakeholder participation in the operation of national regulators; these avenues for public participation were formerly either not open or not institutionalized to this degree. By focusing on how the EU formally adopted procedural mandates to advance the substantive goal of creating an internal market in electronic communications, Psygkas demonstrates that EU requirements have had significant implications for the nature of administrative governance in the member states. Drawing on theoretical arguments in favor of decentralization traditionally applied to substantive policy-making, this book provides insight into regulatory processes to show how the decentralized EU structure may transform national regulatory authorities into individual loci of experimentation that might in turn develop innovative results. It thus contributes to debates about federalism, governance and public policy, as well as about deliberative and participatory democracy in the United States and Europe. This book informs current understandings of regulatory agency operations and institutional design by drawing on an original dataset of public consultations and interviews with agency officials, industry and consumer group representatives in Paris, Athens, Brussels, and London. The on-the-ground original research provides a strong foundation for the directions the case law could take and small- and larger-scale institutional reforms that balance the goals of democracy, accountability, and efficiency.

This Handbook uses a thematic and interdisciplinary approach to discuss and analyse the various governance structures of the EU, focusing in particular on how these are administered. Key chapters, written by leading experts across the field, engage with important ongoing debates in the field of EU administrative law, focusing on areas of topical interest such as financial markets, the growing security state and problematic common asylum procedures. In doing so, they provide a summary of what we know, don't know and ought to know about EU administrative law. Examining the control functions of administrative law and the machinery for accountability, this Research Handbook eloquently challenges areas of authoritarian governance, such as the Eurozone and security state, where control and accountability are weak and tackles the seemingly insoluble question of citizen'voice'and access to policy making. Practical and engaging, this timely Research Handbook is sure to appeal to scholars and researchers of EU administrative law and EU law more broadly. Legal practitioners and EU policy makers will also benefit from its high level of engagement with contemporary deliberations.Contributors include: V. Abazi, M. Baran, T.A. Börzel, K. Bradley, A. Brenninkmeijer, E. Chiti, D. Curtin, H. Darbishire, M. de Visser, G. della Cananea, M. Everson, J. Grimheden, E. Guild, C. Harlow, E.G. Heidbreder, H. Hofmann, C. Joerges, M. Kjaerum, P. Leino, L. Leppavirta, I. Maher, J. Mendes, L. Muzi, N. Póltorak, T. Raunio, R. Rawlings, M. Ruffert, J.-P. Schneider, C. Scott, G. Toggenburg

Whether striving to protect citizens from financial risks, climate change, inadequate health care, or the uncertainties of the emerging “sharing” economy, regulators must routinely make difficult judgment calls in an effort to meet the conflicting demands that society places on them.Operating within a political climate of competing demands, regulators need a lodestar to help them define and evaluate success. Achieving Regulatory Excellence provides that direction by offering new insights from law, public administration, political science, sociology, and policy sciences on what regulators need to do to improve their performance.Achieving Regulatory Excellence offers guidance from leading international experts about how regulators can set appropriate priorities and make sound, evidence-based decisions through processes that are transparent and participatory. With increasing demands for smarter but leaner government, the need for sound regulatory capacity—for regulatory excellence—has never been stronger.

This book presents an overview of the Draft 2011 Report to Congress on the Benefits and Costs of Federal Regulations and Unfunded Mandates on State, Local, and Tribal Entities and the benefits and costs of the U.S. Government's regulatory program. The decomposition of benefits and costs of regulations by agencies, and in some cases by major categories of benefits, are instructive. The 10-year look back is valuable to illustrate the longer-term trends in benefits and costs of government regulations and recommendations for reform.

This book explores the discourse of regulatory crisis in the UK and examines why, despite the increasing contestation of the principles underpinning the regulatory state, its institutions and practices continue to be firmly embedded within the governance of the British state. It considers its implications for our understanding of the contemporary nature of the British state, and to the study of regulation which is no longer confined to the domain of low politics, populated by technocrats, but is scrutinised by elected politicians, and the subject of the front pages rather than the financial pages. The author sets the British regulatory tradition in a wider context, both spatially, in terms of the challenges presented by Europeanisation, and temporally, critically analysing the process of crisis construction in the narratives of neoliberalism and participatory democracy in the contemporary era.

Americans are increasingly ruled by an unwritten constitution consisting of executive orders, signing statements, and other forms of quasi-law that lack the predictability and consistency essential for the legal system to function properly. As a result, the U.S. Constitution no longer means what it says to the people it is supposed to govern, and the government no longer acts according to the rule of law. These developments can be traced back to a change in “constitutional morality,” Bruce Frohnen and George Carey argue in this challenging book.The principle of separation of powers among co-equal branches of government formed the cornerstone of America's original constitutional morality. But toward the end of the nineteenth century, Progressives began to attack this bedrock principle, believing that it impeded government from “doing the people's business.” The regime of mixed powers, delegation, and expansive legal interpretation they instituted rejected the ideals of limited government that had given birth to the Constitution. Instead, Progressives promoted a governmental model rooted in French revolutionary claims. They replaced a Constitution designed to mediate among society's different geographic and socioeconomic groups with a body of quasi-laws commanding the democratic reformation of society.Pursuit of this Progressive vision has become ingrained in American legal and political culture—at the cost, according to Frohnen and Carey, of the constitutional safeguards that preserve the rule of law.

Die Arbeit untersucht die für die Praxis der europäischen Gesetzgebung relevante, jedoch bislang nicht vertieft beleuchtete Frage zur Rolle der zwingenden Erfordernisse des Allgemeinwohls als Gestaltungsgrenze für den Unionsgesetzgeber bei Harmonisierungsmaßnahmen. Die in der Cassis de Dijon-Entscheidung entwickelten zwingenden Erfordernisse stellen sicher, dass die Mitgliedstaaten ihre nationalen Gemeinwohlbelange auf ihrem Hoheitsgebiet gewährleisten können. Der EuGH hat den Kreis der zwingenden Erfordernisse ständig erweitert. Gleichzeitig hat der Unionsgesetzgeber eine Vielzahl von Bereichen in der Union harmonisiert und dabei den Schutz der zwingenden Erfordernisse zum Teil abschließend geregelt (z.B. in der Dienstleistungsrichtlinie) und insoweit die Mitgliedstaaten in ihrer Stellung als bisherige Schutzgaranten verdrängt. Die Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit der Unionsgesetzgeber hierzu befugt ist und ordnet die zwingenden Erfordernisse in eine praxistaugliche Modelllösung ein.

Federal agencies issue thousands of regulations each year under delegated authority from Congress. Over the past 70 years, Congress and various Presidents have created a set of procedures agencies must follow to issue these regulations, some of which contain requirements for the calculation and consideration of costs, benefits, and other economic effects of regulations. In recent years, many Members of Congress have expressed an interest in various regulatory reform efforts that would change the current set of rulemaking requirements, including requirements to estimate costs and benefits of regulations. As part of this debate, it has become common for supporters of regulatory reform to comment on the total cost of federal regulation. This book discusses methods of estimating the total cost of federal regulations. Furthermore, the book serves to inform the congressional debate over rulemaking by analyzing different ways to measure federal rulemaking activity; describes the existing requirements for cost-benefit and other types of analysis in the federal rulemaking process; and discusses options for changing the current set of analytical requirements.

Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) is the main instrument used by governments and regulators to appraise the likely effects of their policy proposals. This pioneering Handbook provides a comparative and comprehensive account of this tool, situating it in the relevant theoretical traditions and scrutinizing its use across countries, policy sectors and policy instruments.Comprising six parts, university researchers, international consultants and practitioners working in international organizations examine regulatory impact assessment from many perspectives, which include: research traditions in the social sciencesimplementation, regulatory indicators and effectstools and dimensions such as courts and gendersectoral case studies including environment, enterprise and international developmentinternational diffusion in the European Union (EU), Americas, Asia and developing countriesappraisal, training and education.With its wealth of detail and lessons to be learned, the Handbook of Regulatory Impact Assessment will undoubtedly be of great value to practitioners and scholars working in governance, political science and socio-legal studies.Contributors: C. Adelle, A. Alemanno, L. Allio, C. Arndt, F. Blanc, A. Bond, G. Bounds, P.G.H. Carroll, P. Coletti, F. De Francesco, C.A. Dunlop, M. Fazekas, O. Fritsch, F. Gains, J. Howell, S. Jacobs, A. Jordan, J.C. Kamkhaji, M. Karliuk, S.-J. Kim, T.-Y. Kim, C. Kirkpatrick, I. Lianos, D. Macrae, A.C.M. Meuwese, G. Ottimofiore, J.R. Palmer, D. Parker, A. Peci, C.M. Radaelli, A. Renda, D. Russel, L. Schrefler, J.A. Schwartz, W.R. Sheate, J. Torriti, J. Turnpenny, S. van Voorst, E. Vecchione, W.F. West

This book addresses the regulatory capacity of the EU as it responds to the huge challenge of realizing the single market. It explores its weaknesses, the EU regulatory networks, expert committees and EU agencies formed in response, and the exceptionally large and complex transnational regulatory system which has resulted. It defines the EU regulatory space as a multi-faceted phenomenon of institutional expansion whose shape varies across sectors and changes over time. Empirically based on the exploration of how regulatory delegation has emerged and evolved in three key EU policies (food safety, electricity, and telecommunications), the book disentangles and links together the functional, institutional and power-distributional factors and their interplay over time into a unified explanation of the many faces of the EU regulatory space.

Die Autorin untersucht delegierte Rechtsakte und Durchführungsrechtsakte nach Art. 290 und Art. 291 AEUV. Hierbei beleuchtet sie insbesondere das Demokratie- und Rechtsstaatsprinzip, wie es sich vor und nach der Einführung der delegierten Rechtsakte und Durchführungsrechtsakte in der exekutiven Rechtsetzung verwirklicht sieht. Besondere Berücksichtigung findet dabei die Biozidprodukte-Entscheidung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs.

With each legislative issue, legislators have to decide whether to delegate decision-making to the executive and/or to expert bodies in order to flesh out the details of this legislation, or, alternatively, to spell out all aspects of this decision in legislation proper. The reasons why to delegate have been of prime interest to political science. The debate has concentrated on principal-agent theory to explain why politicians delegate decision-making to bureaucrats, to independent regulatory agencies, and to others actors and how to control these agents. By contrast, Changing Rules of Delegation focuses on these questions: Which actors are empowered by delegation? Are executive actors empowered over legislative actors? How do legislative actors react to the loss of power? What opportunities are there to change the institutional rules governing delegation in order to (re)gain institutional power and, with it influence over policy outcomes? The authors analyze the conditions and processes of change of the rules that delegate decision-making power to the Commission's implementing powers under comitology. Focusing on the role of the European Parliament the authors explain why the Commission, the Council, and increasingly the Parliament, delegated decision-making to the Commission. If they chose delegation, they still have to determine under which institutional rule comitology should operate. These rules, too, distribute power unequally among actors and therefore raise the question of how they came about in the first place and whether and how the'losers'of a rule change seek to alter the rules at a later point in time.

Das Sozialversicherungsrecht ist durch eine beispiellose Vielzahl und Vielfalt untergesetzlicher Regelwerke geprägt. Die Untersuchung bietet eine weit ausgreifende Bestandsaufnahme und erstmals eine systematische Ordnung der untergesetzlichen Rechtsquellen des Rechts der gesetzlichen Kranken-, Renten- und Unfallversicherung, der sozialen Pflegeversicherung sowie der Arbeitslosenversicherung und Arbeitsförderung. Ausgehend von den Prinzipien der Demokratie und der Autonomie entwickelt der Verfasser zudem ein Konzept der Legitimation, das eine kritische Überprüfung der ermittelten normativen Phänomene ermöglicht. Bei dieser Überprüfung erweisen sich insbesondere Regelungsmechanismen der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung als verfassungsrechtlich inakzeptabel. Die Kritik mündet in rechtspolitische Anregungen zur Lösung der diagnostizierten Legitimationsprobleme.

Comitology is the most important form of multi-level governance in the EU. Member State and Commission actors together create roughly 2,500 executive acts per year amounting to half of all European laws. Using new European and national data, this books argues that its accountability has improved over time, but that unexpected gaps have emerged.

Under the Congressional Review Act, a covered agency regulation takes effect as provided by law unless Congress disapproves the rule with a joint resolution of disapproval. In contrast, the Regulations from the Executive In Need of Security (REINS) Act would generally require the enactment of a joint resolution of approval before any'major rule'could take effect. This book provides information on the types of'major rules'that may be covered by the REINS Act, if enacted. Specifically, it identifies how many major rules have been issued in recent years, and which agencies have issued them along with identifying why certain rules published during calendar year 2010 were considered to be major rules under the CRA.

Emphasizing that administrative law must be understood within the context of the political system, this core text combines a descriptive systems approach with a social science focus. Author Kenneth F. Warren explains the role of administrative law in shaping, guiding, and restricting the actions of administrative agencies. Providing comprehensive coverage, he examines the field not only from state and federal angles, but also from the varying perspectives of legislators, administrators, and the public. Substantially revised, the fifth edition features approximately one hundred new and current cases that place administrative law in the context of the Obama administration. Each chapter concludes with an edited exemplary case that highlights major themes and helps students understand important points made in the chapter. Using straightforward prose and avoiding unnecessary legal jargon, Administrative Law in the Political System, fifth edition provides students with an informed and accessible overview of a difficult subject matter.

EU law consists of several thousand acts of which the overwhelming majority are made by the Commission. The Commission is controlled by comitology, a system of committees of member state representatives that are consulted when new acts are proposed. This book looks at why the system was created, how it functions and how it has evolved.

The dynamics of multi-level regulatory governance are ever-changing, not just in a North American context, but in a global one as well. Rules, Rules, Rules, Rules, clarifies the nature, causes, and dynamics of levels of regulatory governance in, or affecting, Canada. Edited by G. Bruce Doern and Robert Johnson, this collection makes conceptual and practical contributions to the debate over what kinds of principles and institutional approaches can resolve the problems of multi-level regulatory governance. This is the first text to provide an integrated discussion of key politico-institutional issues such as smart regulation, innovation, social and economic regulatory governance, accountability and transparency in Canada through a study of the multi-level regulatory interactions that the nation must function within.Rules, Rules, Rules, Rules considers various sectors where rule-making spans all or most of the four levels of jurisdiction - international, federal, provincial, and city or local - in areas such as food safety, investment and trade, forestry, drinking water, oil and gas, and emergency management. A central argument of the collection is that the pressure to merge, collapse or rationalize levels of regulation is mainly driven by business interests, liberalized trade ideas, and related technological changes. Economic concerns about Canada's declining productivity compared to the U.S. are also discussed, as are issues of security, terrorism, and core business and economic concerns in the post-911 era.

Vous ne pouvez pas vous raccorder à un réseau collectif? Vous ne savez que choisir comme méthode d'assainissement? Que faire pour être aux normes et répondre aux exigences de la loi? Cet ouvrage est fait pour vous. Grâce à ce livre, vous serez à même de faire le point sur les techniques existantes et de mieux choisir votre filière d'épuration des eaux.'Un guide pratique sur mesure pour des maisons plus économes, sûres et saines!'

Der Staat ist bei seiner Aufgabenerfüllung auf die Bereitstellung eines funktionierenden Lenkungsmodells angewiesen. Aktuelle Herausforderungen wie das Ladenschlussrecht und das Rauchverbot im öffentlichen Raum verdeutlichen, dass es ihm bislang oft nicht gelingt, die erwünschten Lenkungszielsetzungen zu erreichen. Steuerungslehre und Regulierungsverwaltungsrecht liefern erste Anhaltspunkte für die Entwicklung eines die staatlichen Lenkungsprozesse umfassend abbildenden Lenkungsmodells. Staatliche Lenkung wird dabei als pendelnder Prozess verstanden, der sich zwischen den Polen der Re- und Deregulierung hin und her bewegt. Zu der Optimierung des Modells trägt insbesondere eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit der Handlungsformenlehre unter Betonung kooperativ-konsensualen Handelns bei.

Regulation is often thought of as an activity that restricts behaviour and prevents the occurrence of certain undesirable activities, but the influence of regulation can also be enabling or facilitative, as when a market could potentially be chaotic if uncontrolled. This Handbook provides a clear and authoritative discussion of the major trends and issues in regulation over the last thirty years, together with an outline of prospective developments. It brings together contributions from leading scholars from a range of disciplines and countries. Each chapter offers a broad overview of key current issues and provides an analysis of different perspectives on those issues. Experiences in different jurisdictions and insights from various disciplines are drawn upon, and particular attention is paid to the challenges that are encountered when specific approaches are applied in practice. Contributors develop their own distinctive arguments relating to the central issues in regulation and apply scholarly rigour and clear writing to matters of high policy-relevance. The essays are original, accessible, and agenda-setting, and the Handbook will be essential reading both to students and researchers and to with regulatory and regulated professionals.

Comparing business regulation in 181 economies. Doing Business 2009 is the sixth in a series of annual reports comparing business regulations in 181 economies. Doing Business 2009 measures regulations affecting 10 areas of everyday business: Starting a businesssteps, time, cost, and minimum capital to register a new businessEnforcing contracts steps, time, and cost to enforce a commercial contractEmploying workers indices of employment law rigidities cost of economic redundanciesGetting credit extent of credit information sharing and creditor rightsClosing a business steps, time, and cost to c.

In recent years, regulation has emerged as one of the most distinct and important fields of study in the social sciences, both for policy-makers and for scholars who require a theoretical framework that can be applied to any social sector. This timely textbook provides a conceptual map of the field and an accessible and critical introduction to the subject. Morgan and Yeung set out a diverse and stimulating selection of materials and give them context with a comprehensive and critical commentary. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach and emphasising the role of law in its broader social and political context, it will be an invaluable tool for the student coming to regulation for the first time. This clearly structured, academically rigorous title, with a contextualised perspective, is essential reading for all students of the subject.