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This volume provides readers with the tools to unlock the potential of Earth observation (EO) technologies to transform coastal zone management. This comprehensive guide delves into how EO technologies can be used monitor and manage coastal areas, emphasizing sustainable land use and development. Designed for researchers, decision-makers, and environmental planners, this book offers multi-scale assessment approaches that provide actionable solutions and strategic plans for managing extensive environmental landscapes. Readers will discover innovative management solutions for a variety of environmental challenges, along with new methodologies aimed at sustainable development and the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and 2030 targets. This volume showcases numerous multi-tasked applications of satellite data from diverse sources, validating the immense value of earth observations in environmental management. By integrating this data into geographical databases, the book provide an ideal framework for spatial planning at various scales. Geospatial information is a crucial tool for creating interactive systems for spatial analysis, merging real-world data with forecasting models to support social and economic development. Geospatial information guides where and when to act, aiding in the development of strategic and implementation plans that promote sustainable development. Embrace the future of coastal zone management with this volume and equip yourself with the knowledge and tools to make informed, impactful decisions for a sustainable tomorrow.

This book of peer-reviewed short papers on methodological and applied statistics and demography is the fourth of four volumes from the 52nd Scientific Meeting of the Italian Statistical Society (SIS 2024), held in Bari, Italy, on June 17-20, 2024. It features the second part of the contributions presented in the Contributed Sessions. The volumes address a large number of topics and applications of current interest. The topics covered include, but are not limited to, statistical theory and methods, sampling theory, Bayesian statistics, statistical modeling, computational statistics, classification, data analysis, gender statistics and applied statistics. The applications reflect new analyses in a wide variety of fields, including demography, psychometrics, education, business, economics, finance, law, and other social sciences and humanities, epidemiology, the life and health sciences as well as the environmental and natural sciences and engineering. This variety also demonstrates the important role of statistical science in addressing the societal and environmental challenges of sustainable development. One of the aims of the Italian Statistical Society (SIS) is to promote scientific activities for the development of statistical sciences. Its biennial international Scientific Meeting represents the Society's largest event which brings together national and international researchers and professionals to exchange ideas and discuss recent advances and developments in theoretical and applied statistics.

Multi-Scale Precipitation Variability Over the Tropics: New Insights from Observations and Modelling explores the latest developments in the observation and modelling of tropical precipitation. Researchers will benefit from this detailed analysis of recent advancements in the field. The text first examines recent satellite and RADAR observations and how those breakthroughs enhance our understanding. This is followed by a review of NASA A-train observations as well as extreme events. The editors also look at predicting precipitation variability with a state-of-the-art ensemble forecast system. The text wraps with a discussion of multiscale cloud and precipitation variability with the backdrop of a changing climate.This text will provide researchers with new insights and a deeper understanding of the latest advances in the observation and modelling of tropical precipitation. - Examines the new paradigm in understanding and modeling tropical meteorology - Analyzes recent discoveries in multiscale cloud and precipitation that will provide new insights about tropical cloud and precipitation physics and dynamics - Provides an innovative approach to representing tropical clouds in numerical models that will help readers understand the latest breakthroughs in the representation of tropical clouds in numerical models

Tropical Cyclones and Associated Impacts: A Global Perspective provides a one-stop-shop for readers interested in the impacts of tropical cyclones, capturing the convergence of knowledge across disciplines and fields. Chapters in this book provide a coherent structure that reflects the hazards associated with these storms (e.g., storm surge, inland flooding and heavy rainfall, damaging winds) and their impacts on many spheres of our lives (e.g., energy, public health). This book is geared towards readers who have an interest in tropical cyclones, with a broad appeal to different audiences ranging from academia to federal and state agencies dealing with these storms. - Features a multidisciplinary approach to the science and impacts of tropical cyclones - Includes contributions from leading experts in the fields impacted by tropical cyclones - Presents case studies to connect the science to practical applications

The book provides information on the observational aspects of the severe storms through satellite, radar, aircraft, and ground based network of stations and these issues are discussed in the first part of the book consisting of 8 chapters. The numerical modelling and data assimilation techniques are discussed in the second part of the book aimed at development of Early Warning Systems (12 chapters) and finally the outlook of the severe storms in a changing climate scenario, their socio-economic impacts and policies for disaster mitigation are discussed in the third part of the book consisting of 6 chapters. This book is of great interest to atmospheric scientists and other researchers, practitioners, policy and decision makers, international institutions, governmental and non-governmental organizations, educators, as well as students.

Water Sustainability and Hydrological Extremes: Quantity, Quality, and Security presents a study for the mitigation of hydrological extremes through case studies. The focus is on the effect of extremes on water quality and the fate of geogenic, microbial, anthropogenic pollutants in the water cycle, and the interaction of water quality and quantity variations. The book integrates rapidly growing diverse topics, such as co-occurrence variation in water quantity and quality, water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. Stakeholders'participation and raising awareness for sustainable management strategies for hydrological extremes and water management systems is also covered.This thorough guide serves as a pillar to postgraduate students and researchers as it's centered on discovering remediation and natural attenuation of hydrological extremes with a special emphasis on present and future challenges. - Includes the latest research developments on issues affecting water sustainability and water supply, sanitation, and hydrological extremes - Offers summaries and recommendations at the end of each chapter to highlight key information in a simplified manner - Contains illustrative diagrams and graphical abstracts to summarize dense scientific conclusions

This authoritative Encyclopedia provides an innovative approach to theory, reviews, applications and examples relevant to the basic concepts of water science and water management issues in order to facilitate better interdisciplinary cooperation.In light of the broadening field and study of water management, the expert contributors set the basis for a holistic approach to water science by examining the various technical, cross-disciplinary, socio-economic and policy extents. Using global case studies, elaborated in large European and global research and innovation projects, they illustrate how different approaches to modern water management issues can stem the flow of ongoing climate change and ecosystem collapse challenges to improve future decision-making and policies.Providing concise summaries and knowledge from both a theoretical and an applied viewpoint, this Encyclopedia will be an invaluable resource for scholars, students, and practitioners of water research policy and governance, agricultural and environmental economics, biodiversity, technology, and marine studies.Key Features:With over 85 entries written by experts in the fieldUses clear and concise terminology for broader audience interestUses case studies to illustrate water management issues and approachesProvides concise summaries of the most relevant accumulated knowledge on the subjects exploredIllustrates examples to give useful context and background information on how experts approach various water related issues

Written and edited by leading experts in the field, Urban Drainage Practice provides an overview of current key challenges, opportunities and future directions of urban drainage in a practical and accessible way. Initially setting out the context of historical urban drainage for sanitary and stormwater systems, the book covers the key elements of public and stakeholder engagement, rainfall inputs, some fundamentals of urban hydrology and the development of computational modelling. It also explains how systems are now planned, designed and operated, alongside contemporary asset management and introduces the main elements of monitoring and management of urban drainage systems, as well as advancements in data acquisition, and transition to greater automation. The book summarises regulations and other sources of information that professionals need to consult to practice effectively within a specific area of urban drainage, explores modelling, sustainability, and smart systems, along with providing the global and local context of sustainable drainage, using case studies from across the UK and around the world. Urban Drainage Practice is an invaluable tool for local authority engineers, environmental engineers, drainage design and operation engineers, public health consultants, engineering hydrology professionals, and consultants or contractors working in this field. It is also a useful resource for students of engineering and sustainability, as well as professionals working in other disciplines who wish to understand how engineers are approaching urban drainage practice.

The Climate Energy Nexus: Understanding the Relationship between Energy Production Systems and Climate Trends offers fundamental material on energy and climate systems, progressing to establishing advanced and integrated energy-climate models. Describing the motivation and key challenges in the climate-energy modeling community, this reference looks at the fundamentals of climate and energy systems before integrating them into a cohesive analysis framework. The book presents various energy production optimization case studies spanning urban and national scales, annual to multi-decade long timescales, and various economic and environmental considerationsPractitioners and students interested in climate and energy systems will gain a foundational platform from which to develop informed assessments of future energy use. As making informed energy planning decisions requires a better understanding of how climate trends, extreme events, and public policy could impact energy production performance, cost, and emissions, this book is an ideal resource for readers. - Includes an accessible introduction and detailed advances on climate and energy system models - Provides relevant and real case studies that can be adapted to practical applications - Presents examples using free, open-source frameworks for easy implementation

Based on the “Sixth International Conference on Dynamics of Disasters” (Piraeus, Greece, July 2023), this volume includes contributions from experts who share their latest discoveries on disasters either caused by natural phenomena or human activities. Authors provide overviews of the tactical points involved in disaster relief, outlines of hurdles from mitigation and preparedness to response and recovery and uses for mathematical models to describe disasters and their impacts. This volume includes additional invited manuscripts from other experts and leaders in the field. Topics covered include economics, optimization, machine learning, government, management, business, humanities, engineering, medicine, mathematics, computer science, behavioral studies, emergency services, and environmental studies and will engage readers from a wide variety of fields and backgrounds.

The book presents the collated and high-quality proceedings of the Conference on Recent Technologies in Electronics and Photonics held during 9-10 February 2024 at MIT-WPU, Pune, India. The main objective of this book is the introduction of recent innovations and current trends of photonics and electronics along with advanced device applications. Photonics and electronics together are shaping up to be the two main pillars of innovation for sustainable development and technological advances. The emphasis in this book will be on presenting recent application-based research in the mentioned fields rather than purely theoretical ideas. The readers will gain insights on recent innovations across many fields of photonics on one hand: laser science and nonlinear optics, photonic materials, nanophotonics, solar photovoltaics, optoelectronics, green photonics, and fiber optics and a diverse set of topics in electronics on the other: Semiconductor Electronics, Electronic Materials, Microelectronics, AI/ML, Internet of Things etc. The book is useful for early career researchers in Science and Engineering, as also university professors and industry professionals.

This book presents the state-of-the-art in supercomputer simulation. It includes the latest findings from leading researchers using systems from the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) in 2022. The reports cover all fields of computational science and engineering ranging from CFD to computational physics and from chemistry to computer science with a special emphasis on industrially relevant applications. Presenting findings of one of Europe's leading systems, this volume covers a wide variety of applications that deliver a high level of sustained performance.The book covers the main methods in high-performance computing. Its outstanding results in achieving the best performance for production codes are of particular interest for both scientists and engineers. The book comes with a wealth of color illustrations and tables of results.

Improving weather and climate prediction with better representation of fast processes in atmospheric models Many atmospheric processes that influence Earth's weather and climate occur at spatiotemporal scales that are too small to be resolved in large scale models. They must be parameterized, which means approximately representing them by variables that can be resolved by model grids. Fast Processes in Large-Scale Atmospheric Models: Progress, Challenges and Opportunities explores ways to better investigate and represent multiple parameterized processes in models and thus improve their ability to make accurate climate and weather predictions. Volume highlights include: Historical development of the parameterization of fast processes in numerical models Different types of major sub-grid processes and their parameterizations Efforts to unify the treatment of individual processes and their interactions Top-down versus bottom-up approaches across multiple scales Measurement techniques, observational studies, and frameworks for model evaluation Emerging challenges, new opportunities, and future research directions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

This book illustrates the diversity of current geographies, ontologies, engagements, and epistemologies of peace and conflict. It emphasizes how agencies of peace and conflict occur in geographic settings, and how those settings shape processes of peace and conflict. The essence of the book's logic is that war and peace are manifestations of the intertwined construction of geographies and politics. Indeed, peace is never completely distinct from war. Each chapter in the book will demonstrate understandings of how the myriad spaces of war and peace are forged by multiple agencies, some possibly contradictory. The goals of these agents vary as peace and war are relational, place-specific processes. The reader will understand the mutual construction of spaces and processes of peace and conflict through engagement with the concepts of agency, the mutual construction of politics and space, geographic scales, multiple geographies, the twin dynamics of empathy/othering and inclusivity/partitioning, and resistance/militarism. The book discusses the intertwined nature of peace and conflict, including reference to the environment, global climate change, borders, technology, and postcolonialism. This book is valuable for instructors teaching a variety of senior level human geography courses, including graduate-level classes. It will appeal to those working in political geography, historical geography, sociology of geographic knowledge, feminist geography, cultural and economic geography, political science, and international relations.

The Indian Ocean and its Role in the Global Climate System provides an overview of our contemporary understanding of the Indian Ocean (geology, atmosphere, ocean, hydrology, biogeochemistry) and its role in the climate system. It describes the monsoon systems, Indian Ocean circulation and connections with other ocean basins. Climatic phenomena in the Indian Ocean are detailed across a range of timescales (seasonal, interannual to multi-decadal). Biogeochemical and ecosystem variability is also described. The book will provide a summary of different tools (e.g., observations, modeling, paleoclimate records) that are used for understanding Indian Ocean variability and trends. Recent trends and future projections of the Indian Ocean, including warming, extreme events, ocean acidification and deoxygenation will be detailed. The Indian Ocean is unique and different from other tropical ocean basins due to its geography. It is traditionally under-observed and understudied, yet plays a fundamental role for regional and global climate. The vagaries of the Asian monsoon affect over a billion people and a third of the global population live in the vicinity of the Indian Ocean. It is also particularly vulnerable to climate change, with robust warming and trends in heat and freshwater observed in recent decades. Advances have recently been made in our understanding of the Indian Ocean's circulation, interactions with adjacent ocean basins, and its role in regional and global climate. Nonetheless, significant gaps remain in understanding, observing, modeling, and predicting Indian Ocean variability and change across a range of timescales. As such, this book is the perfect compendium to any researcher, student, teacher/lecturer in the fields of oceanography, atmospheric science, paleoclimate, environmental science, meteorology and geology, as well as policy managers and water resource managers. - Provides interdisciplinary content with a comprehensive overview for students and practitioners from a wide range of disciplines as well as for stakeholders - Presents a broad overview and background on the current state of knowledge of the variability, change, and regional impacts of the Indian Ocean - Includes links to animations, slideshows, and other educational resources

This is an open access book. 2023 9th International Conference on Advances in Energy Resources and Environment Engineering (ICAESEE 2023), will be held on December 29–31, 2023 in Sanya, China. ICAESEE 2023 is to bring together innovative academics and industrial experts in the field of energy resources and environment engineering to a common forum. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in energy resources and environment engineering and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working all around the world. The conference will be held every year to make it an ideal platform for people to share views and experiences in energy resources and environment engineering and related areas.

Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment An indispensable introduction to the key environmental processes of weathering and erosion Natural and human-induced weathering processes can have a great impact on soil and groundwater quality. With climate change and other environmental challenges placing increased emphasis on these resources, it has never been more important for researchers and environmental professionals to attain detailed knowledge of weathering and erosion processes. Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment meets this need with a rigorous, systematic overview. Beginning with a description of different forces and processes that contribute to weathering, it then discusses the different kinds of landforms that can be produced by weathering and erosion processes, as well as the potential impacts of hydrogeological processes on both surface water and groundwater. The result is a volume that balances qualitative and quantitative understanding of this crucial subject. Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment readers will also find: Documented examples in which weathering and erosion processes have led to heavy metals and other trace elements in groundwater Detailed discussion of climate change impacts, including extreme weather events and rising carbon dioxide levels Modeling approaches throughout to enable quantitative assessment and predictions of future impact Weathering and Erosion Processes in the Natural Environment is ideal for researchers and advanced students in geology, geochemistry, hydrogeochemistry and environmental science, as well as professionals dealing with water and soil management.

For many people, thoughts of the United Arab Emirates conjure images of ultramodern skyscrapers and rolling sand dunes. However, the Emirates are a rich mosaic of ecosystems and habitats that support surprisingly diverse communities of organisms, and there is growing awareness of the importance of these previously underappreciated natural assets. A Natural History of the Emirates provides a comprehensive overview of the unusual environmental setting of this young nation, and surveys the major ecosystems and the marine and terrestrial organisms occurring across the nation. From freshwater streams in the hyperarid Hajar Mountains to the world's most temperature-tolerant coral reefs, the UAE is home to an astounding variety of uniquely adapted organisms that are providing insights into climate change and how organisms cope with and respond to extreme environmental conditions. The book closes with a section on human interactions with this unique environment, and proposes initiatives to ensure the protection of these unique natural assets into the future. This is an open access book.

This book highlights the latest knowledge and innovations in the fields of civil engineering and construction industry striving for a sustainable built environment. This book consists of high-quality innovative research findings selected from the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment (ICSBE 2023) under the themes of Sustainable construction, urban green infrastructure and planning, rainwater harvesting and water conservation, high-performance concrete, indoor environmental quality and indoor plants, wind and hydro-power energy, waste and wastewater management for enhanced sustainability, impacts of climate change, carbon footprint, global climate model and landscaping, material flows and industrial ecology, sustainable materials, etc.

An award-winning text introducing the latest operational hydrometeorological forecasting and warning techniques for flood, drought, reservoir, hydropower, irrigation, water supply and water pollution applications. Hydrometeorology: Forecasting and Applications is the latest edition of this award-winning book intended for practicing engineers and scientists. It also provides useful background for undergraduate and postgraduate courses in engineering, earth sciences, environmental sciences, geography, meteorology and hydrology. Operational examples include applications from the USA, UK, the Netherlands, Bangladesh and Nepal. Throughout, there is a focus on end-to-end warning systems, forecast uncertainty and risk-based and impact-based approaches. Hydrological forecasting topics include rainfall-runoff, flow routing, data assimilation, forecast verification and ensemble techniques. There are also updates to the text on weather radar, satellite precipitation estimates, hydrometry, low cost monitoring, numerical weather prediction, demand forecasting and dissemination of warnings, including the role of social media and citizen science. Applications include national and community based flood warning systems, flash flood guidance, famine and drought early warning systems, reservoir operations, and surface water, debris flow, ice jam, bathing water and harmful algal bloom alerts. Seasonal forecasting, land surface and global hydrological models are now discussed in more detail, including the opportunities from ‘Big Data'and artificial intelligence, and a new chapter discusses approaches to predicting the hydrological impacts of climate change. The extensive sets of references have been revised and updated. “There are few books that have ever attempted to discuss all aspects of hydrometeorology in one volume. This one does so.” From a review of the 1st edition in the Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Kevin Sene FRGS, FRMetS, CEng (MICE) is a scientist and writer with wide experience in flood risk management, water resources and hydrometeorology. His previous publications include books on flood warning, forecasting and emergency response and flash flood forecasting and warning (Springer, 2008, 2013).

This new edition of a well-established textbook covers the health, environmental, and engineering aspects of the management of rainwater and wastewater in areas of human development. Urban Drainage deals comprehensively not only with the design of new systems but also with the analysis and upgrading of existing infrastructure. Keeping its balance of principles, practice, and research, the fifth edition has had the most comprehensive update of any edition so far. It includes a new chapter on urban drainage planning, some significant restructuring of others and the introduction of new topics, including emerging contaminants, wastewater surveillance, AI, digital twins, and cyber-physical security. It also addresses current concerns about climate change impacts and intermittent wastewater pollution, and new ideas about sustainable and resilient systems. In all cases, the aim is to provide comprehensive, authoritative, and evidence-based content prioritising innovation, improved methods, and solutions.This is an essential text for undergraduates and graduate students, lecturers, and researchers in water engineering, environmental engineering, public health engineering, engineering hydrology, and related non-engineering disciplines. It also serves as a dependable and up-to-date reference for drainage engineers in water service providers, local authorities, and consulting engineers. Throughout the text, extensive examples are used to support and demonstrate the key issues.

This book presents peer reviewed articles from the 11th International Conference on Asian and Pacific Coasts (APAC 2023). APAC aims to promote academic and technological progress and activities, international technical transfer and cooperation, and opportunities for engineers and researchers to maintain and improve scientific and technical competence in the field of coastal engineering and related fields, among Asian and Pacific countries/regions. Besides coastal engineering, related fields include but not limited to coastal environment, marine ecology, coastal oceanography, and fishery science and engineering. APAC is jointly supported by the Chinese Ocean Engineering Society (COES), the Coastal Engineering Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE), and the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers (KSCOE).Chapters'OILPARI - a real-time oil transport simulator for marine disaster response: Its functionary, update, and progresstoward the next generation,'Application of Building Cube Method to reproduce high-resolution hydrodynamics of a dredged borrow pit in Osaka Bay, Japan'and'Geographical Distribution and Recent Change in the Meteorological Event Causing the Annual Maximum Wave Height and Storm Surge around Japan'are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The Handbook of Energy and Environment in the 21st Century discusses the key dimensions of the present energy scenario as well as the emerging trends. Global responses to environmental challenges are examined, taking into account technical, economic, social, and policy perspectives. Responding to the latest developments, the book also discusses the impacts of natural disasters and pandemics on energy in the context of energy and environmental implications. Further, it presents various related topics such as the dynamics of sustainable energy transition, renewable energy implementation, decarbonization of fossil fuels, electric mobility, distributed generation systems, and energy security. The book will benefit a wide range of stakeholders from the fields of energy, environment, socioeconomics, geopolitics, and sustainable development. It serves as a valuable reference for academics, researchers, and analysts in these fields. Provides a comprehensive and balanced account of the interwoven subjects of energy and environment in terms of technology and policy dynamics. Incorporates up-to-date data, case studies, and comparative assessments.

This book is a compilation of scientific articles written by recognized researchers participating in the Fourth Conference on the Study of Complex Systems and their Applications (EDIESCA 2023), held in Monterrey, Mexico. EDIESCA arose from the need for academic and research groups that carry out this scientific research to disseminate their results internationally. The study and characterization of systems with non-linear and/or chaotic behavior has been of great interest to researchers around the world, for which many important results have been obtained with various applications. The dynamic study of chaotic oscillators of different models, such as Rössler, Lorenz, and Chua, has generated important advances in the understanding of chemical reactions, meteorological behavior, design of electronic devices, and other applications. Topics at the event included applications for communications systems by masking techniques, financial behavior, networks analysis, nonlinear lasers, numerical modeling, electronic design, and other interesting topics in the area of complex systems. Additionally, there are results on numerical simulation and electronic designs to generate complex dynamic behaviors.

Advanced Tools for Studying Soil Erosion Processes: Erosion Modelling, Soil Redistribution Rates, Advanced Analysis, and Artificial Intelligence presents the most recent technologies and methods in quantifying soil erosion, focusing on quantitative geomorphological assessment, soil erosion interaction with natural and man-made hazards using new methods, and technologies that employ GIS, remote sensing (RS), spatial modeling, and machine learning tools as an effective plan for decision-makers and land users.Organized into three parts: 1) Erosion processes and impacts, 2) Advanced computing techniques to quantify soil erosion, and 3) Methods of Soil Erosion, this book will be an invaluable source material for researchers, academicians, graduate and undergraduate students, and professionals in the field of geology, specifically focused on geographic information systems and remote sensing. - Provides an overview of soil erosion and its interaction with natural hazards (i.e., geological, hydrological, meteorological, and biological) - Introduces advanced tools and technologies in soil erosion management - Presents future soil erosion opportunities and challenges

Living with Climate Change contains different topics on how to adapt to global warming. With a strong focus on ways of adapting to climate change, the book also examines the root causes of global warming. Readers are provided all the most up-to-date thinking and information on each issue due to the extensive list of references connected to each chapter. By linking various topics and interesting new innovations that are often synergistic, this book covers a wide range of issues in global warming adaptation that is ideal for readers from many disciplines. - Covers ways of coping with global warming and climate change - Contains the most up-to-date information on how to prevent the worst effects of global warming - Discusses the connection of climate change to human health

River Flow 2022 includes the keynote lecture and contributed papers presented at River Flow 2022, the 11th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics (8-10 November 2022, Kingston and Ottawa, Canada; held virtually).River Flow 2022 provides an overview of the latest experimental, theoretical and computational findings on fundamental river flow and transport processes, river morphology and morphodynamics, while covering also issues related to the effects of hydraulic structures on flow regime, river morphology and ecology; sustainable river engineering practices (including stream restoration and re-naturalization); and effects of climate change including extreme flood events. The book presents the state-of-the-art in river research and engineering, and is aimed at academics and practitioners in hydraulics, hydrology and environmental engineering.

This book provides a summary of the state of the art of all facets of debris-flow science and practice and is designed to be a comprehensive technical reference for practitioners and a state-of-the-art research overview for scientists. It is richly illustrated with equations, graphs, photos, and tables. The book allows students, practitioners, and regulators to get a sense of the current state of the art in this science. Currently, there are 2 to 3 papers published every week on some aspects of debris-flow science. This creates a bewildering amount of literature that cannot be captured by a single individual. This book provides a comprehensive overview of all facets to date, including initial hazard assessments, detailed quantitative risk assessments, debris-flow warning systems, debris-flow mitigation structure designs, and failures of mitigation works, as well as new topics such as climate change effects on debris flows.

This book contains selected papers presented at the 9th edition of the official triennial conference of the International Association of Building Physics (IABP), held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on 25-27 July, 2024. The contents make valuable contributions to academic researchers and practioners of the building sector. Readers will encounter new ideas for realizing more efficient and resilient buildings and cities. The approach followed in the book aims to explore how building physics can be explored using multi domains and scales.

Many countries, communities, and social actors around the world are struggling to cope with the impacts of climate change. Adapting to climate change in a sustainable manner involves a huge collective effort and is barely happening. How can sustainable climate change adaptation become plausible? The Hamburg Climate Futures Outlook 2024 provides a unique systematic and global assessment of the context conditions for sustainable climate change adaptation, evaluating the social dynamics of deep decarbonization and the physical dynamics in regional climate variability and extremes. Through nine case studies across the globe, the assessment provides insights into key barriers and opportunities for sustainable climate change adaptation.

Le climat a des causes multiples qui le modifient sans cesse, facteurs galactiques, solaires, astronomiques, terrestres dont les circulations atmosphériques et océaniques, ainsi que les éruptions volcaniques. Le climat a toujours varié au cours de l'histoire de la Terre et il n'a jamais été réglé, ni déréglé. À la lumière des résultats du débat scientifique, ce n'est pas le gaz carbonique qui induit la température et il n'est donc pas responsable du réchauffement climatique actuel. En effet, à toutes les échelles, du Paléozoïque à l'actuel, les deux paramètres sont indépendants. En fait, il apparaît que l'évolution des températures est corrélée à celle des variations du nombre de taches solaires et à la distance Terre-Soleil pendant toutes les fluctuations chaudes ou froides enregistrées depuis la préhistoire bien avant la révolution industrielle. Ceci confirme que c'est bien l'activité solaire qui provoque ces fluctuations de températures. Actuellement, personne ne sait ce qu'il adviendra du climat dans les prochaines années. En observant le développement et l'ampleur du 25e cycle solaire qui vient de débuter, nous devrions cependant pouvoir évaluer la future tendance climatique lors de son prochain cycle maximum en juillet 2025. Auteurs Jean Chaline est un paléontologue spécialiste des l'évolution des rongeurs et des hominidés dans le cadre de l'histoire climatique de la Terre. Jacques Lang est un géologue spécialiste des bassins sédimentaires africains qui a étudié les climats depuis les glaciations paléozoïques du Gondwana.

This book presents ongoing initiatives and offers tools and methodologies to analyze and address the effects of climate change on structures, structural design, and infrastructure systems.

This book presents ongoing initiatives and offers tools and methodologies to analyze and address the effects of climate change on structures, structural design, and infrastructure systems.

It's been suggested that around 12 million hectares of agricultural land are affected by soil erosion each year. If the degradation of the world's soil reservoir continues, many have estimated that this could lead to a 30% reduction in global food production by 2040.Understanding and preventing soil erosion provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on understanding the mechanisms of soil erosion, as well as the best practices for measuring, mapping and modelling soil erosion risk in agricultural soils.The book also considers the range of agronomic practices and techniques available to mitigate future soil erosion, including the use of crop residues, cover crops, buffer strips, soil stabilisers and zero/no-tillage.In its detailed assessment of soil erosion, the book succeeds in highlighting the potential future impact of degraded soils on the quality, security and longevity of our global food system if the problem of soil erosion isn't effectively managed.

History is generally defined as “the study of past events, particularly in human affairs” and is mostly understood when presented chronologically. That's why someone also defined it as the ‘chronological record of the past'. Knowing the past is extremely important for any society and human being. Past gives us insights into our evolving behavior in many matters of life. The book is seen as a unique opportunity to preserve the memory of the Italian history of soil science. It represents a milestone and a cultural heritage. Moreover, the book is a sort of ideal bridge between the pioneers of soil science in Italy and the young generation of researchers, contributing to spreading awareness of the importance of soil as a fundamental resource.

This volume presents up-to-date information on technological advancements in climate smart farming systems, covering crop modeling, irrigation practices, spatial modeling and agricultural policy in the context of climate change. The book presents the main applications in climate smart agriculture through technological approaches including the primary agricultural dynamics, mitigation strategies for sustainable soil and crop security, climate smart solutions to improve soil health, and crop and livestock productivity. It will be useful for scientists, environmentalists, meteorologists, environmental consultants, and computing experts working in the areas of climate-smart agriculture though technological approaches.

After nearly 50 years of sustained research and 30 years of operational deployment, research in weather radars has witnessed tremendous growth over the past decade and is now spilling over to novel applications and geographies. This book provides a systematic and thorough review of advances in research, developments, and technologies in the field.

Ever-increasing population growth, combined with ongoing climate change signals that agriculture will face great challenges in ensuring global food security by 2050. Additionally, climate change-driven variations in mean sea level, wave conditions, storm surge, droughts, and river flows could have serious effects on agriculture and other sectors. Considering these factors and the extremely high value and necessity of agriculture worldwide, effective adaptation measures underpinned by reliable climate change impact assessments are essential to conserve soil and water resources and ensure food security. Sustainable Agriculture: Adaptation Strategies to Address Climate Change by 2050 provides a thorough examination of these issues, and presents in-depth analysis, practical case studies, and numerous examples of adaptation options throughout for various regions of the world.Features: Presents up-to-date, scientifically robust information on climate change projections in Europe, Asia, America, Africa, and Australia Provides pathways to sustainable agricultural options rather than just defining the climate change issue Includes case studies and practical examples throughout the world Presents a framework by which policymakers can begin implementing strategies for improving agricultural productivity

The infrastructure on which we all depend is built and maintained by civil and hydraulic engineers. This book presents the proceedings of HCET2024, the 9th International Technical Conference on Frontiers of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering Technology, held from 25 to 27 September 2024 in Sanya, China. The HCET conferences offer a global exchange platform, with the goal of generating new knowledge, technology and applications in hydraulic engineering and civil engineering by forging and expanding new international communications, intercultural and interdisciplinary research networks and partnerships, and the conference series continues to offer an important opportunity for modern engineering communities to share research and best practice and facilitate discussion. The conference committee received 428 submissions of international papers for this year's conference. All were peer-reviewed using a double-blind review process by a panel of at least two international expert referees, and decisions were based on the research quality of the papers. A total of 199 papers were ultimately accepted for presentation and publication, representing an acceptance rate of 46%. The book is organized into 8 sections according to theme: civil engineering and technology; materials for construction and civil engineering; water conservancy and hydropower engineering; geotechnical, geological and underground engineering; road and bridge engineering; transportation engineering; coal science and technology, energy and environmental engineering; and optimization, simulation technology and interdisciplinary applications. Covering a wide range of topics, the book provides a current overview of research and developments, and will be of interest to all those working in the fields of hydraulic and civil engineering.

For more than 75 years, high-hazard structures in the U.S., including dams and nuclear power plants, have been engineered to withstand floods resulting from the most unlikely but possible precipitation, termed Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). Failure of any one of the more than 16,000 high-hazard dams and 50 nuclear power plants in the United States could result in the loss of life and impose significant economic losses and widespread environmental damage, especially under the pressures of climate change. While PMP estimates have provided useful guidance for designing critical infrastructure, weaknesses in the scientific foundations of PMP, combined with advances in understanding, observing, and modeling extreme storms, call for fundamental changes to the definition of PMP and the methods used to estimate it. Modernizing Probable Maximum Precipitation Estimation recommends a new definition of PMP and presents a vision for a methodology relevant for design, operation, and regulation of critical infrastructure. The new definition targets precipitation depths with an extremely low exceedance probability instead of assuming rainfall is bounded, and considers specified climate periods so that PMP estimates can change as the climate changes. Near-term enhancements to PMP include improved data collection, model-based storm reconstructions, and strengthened scientific grounding for PMP methods. Long-term model-based PMP estimation will employ kilometer-scale climate models capable of resolving PMP storms and producing PMP-magnitude precipitation. A Model Evaluation Project will provide scientific grounding for model-based PMP estimation and determine when transition to a model-based PMP estimation should occur. Scientific and modeling advances along this front will contribute to addressing the societal challenges linked to the changes in extreme storms and precipitation in a warming climate, which are critical steps to ensuring the safety of our infrastructure and society.

The effects of climate change on food safety and plant health represent a relatively new area of study. However, evidence from recent studies is clear: climate change contributes to increased and new food safety & plant health risks as one of several global change factors. This volume analyzes the scientific understanding of the relationship between climate change, food safety, plant pests, plant diseases, and trade. It identifies and discusses four key areas for future policy consideration: risk assessment, SPS capacity in developing countries, climate change resilience, and basic research challenges. We must effectively communicate the impacts of climate change on plant health and build the capacity of national plant protection organizations. More importantly, we need to mobilize resources that will help build stronger national phytosanitary systems that can prevent the spread of plant pests, thereby protecting our food sources and environment, and facilitating safe trade.The present volume is an asset for plant quarantine personnel working in the field, agricultural university students, plant health workers, farmers doing agriculture, plant & seed traders, and all those who use agricultural produce and products. The book is a useful resource for students and professional plant pathologists, entomologists, and plant breeders because it summarizes current knowledge and suggests new research directions. It is also suitable for ecologists & researchers working on crop protection, climate change, and pest control.

An up-to-date discussion of the latest in weather-related event forecasting and management In Responding to Extreme Weather Events, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a timely and authoritative exploration of three international extreme weather projects: ANYWHERE, I-REACT, and BeAWARE. The key contributions from policymaking, science, and industry in each project are discussed, as are the resulting improved measures and technologies for forecasting and managing weather-related extreme events. The authors cover the entire crisis management cycle, from awareness and early warning to effective responses to extreme weather events. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the science and policy background of managing extreme weather events Comprehensive explorations of impact forecasting for extreme weather events, including discussion of the ANYWHERE project Practical discussions of how to improve resilience to weather-related emergencies with advanced cyber technologies, including discussion of the I-REACT project A novel framework for crisis management during extreme weather events, including discussion of the BeAWARE project Essential for disaster management professionals, Responding to Extreme Weather Events will also benefit academic staff and researchers with an interest in extreme weather events and their consequences.

This book provides a one-stop shop for coastal and marine scientists to understand processes that generate atmospheric circulation as integrated with terrestrial and oceanic circulation processes to create an Earth-ocean-atmosphere climate system. It uses the process approach in the first half of the book to set the stage for understanding circulation systems and then for explaining the circulation processes themselves, with the second half of the book dedicated to showing how these processes play themselves out across the Earth's terrestrial and marine surface. The processes explained in the first half of the book assume no prior knowledge of meteorology or oceanography. The regional section includes the major continents or subcontinents, along with their surrounding ocean environs. It begins with the area with which many/most readers are likely most familiar —the USA and Canada. From there, the tour of the world continues, beginning with the places that have atmospheric and oceanic circulation features that are most similar to the USA and Canada, all in the Northern Hemisphere—Europe, Southwestern Asia, and then East Asia. From there, the discussion builds on principles illustrated in the first half of the book and demonstrated in the beginning of the regional section of the book, while also adding concepts and principles of importance in the tropical and subtropical latitudes, by describing circulation features of South and Southeast Asia. This discussion carries forward naturally for a discussion of Africa, which experiences similar features of subtropical and tropical latitudes. From there, previous material can be applied and built upon further in the discussion of Latin America and the Caribbean. Australia and Oceania are the next area covered, followed by the polar latitudes. The book concludes with a brief review of the major atmospheric and oceanic circulation features around the world and with a reminder of the cascading primary and secondary impacts of the climate system. The book is intended to fill a niche as both a textbook and a reference source for non-atmospheric specialists. Its purpose is to help coastal, environmental, engineering, and planning professionals to get “up to speed” regarding atmospheric and oceanic circulations and their impacts around the world. This would allow more effective communication with climate modelers, atmospheric and marine environmental consultants, and media. Our book-writing experience allows us to implement “best practices” based on cognitive theory to facilitate learning in the geosciences.

The Architecture of Clouds describes in a visual, poetic, and personal way how clouds are related to our everyday life and the weather. It expertly details how the art and science of clouds are interconnected with straightforward scientific explanations of the meteorological context in which clouds appear and why they form, alongside in-depth descriptions of the visual and artistic aspects of clouds. The air motion dynamics, cloud microphysics and thermodynamics discussed are written in a style accessible to all readers. The clouds showcased within the text range from placid ground fog to smoothly sculpted, stationary, mountain-wave clouds to violent clouds associated with convective storms, tornadoes, and hurricanes. Clouds are classified as whether they are buoyant or not, and if they are, how deep they extend through the atmosphere. An exhaustive and impressive compilation of photos taken from all over the world, including photographs taken from satellites, are featured in each chapter. Radar depictions of the inside of some clouds and storms provide a unique addition. This book provides an abundance of detail and photography that will be appreciated by scientists, students, and any reader interested in exploring beyond the aesthetics of clouds.

This open access book about the sustainability of marine and terrestrial ecosystems in southern Africa provides a synthesis of the research program Science Partnerships for the Adaptation to Complex Earth System Processes (SPACES II, 2018-2022). It addresses the scientific, social, and economic issues related to climate change, its potential impacts on the various ecosystems, adaptations, and management interventions for enhancing systems resilience in Southern Africa. It is written by numerous scientists from African states and Germany and summarizes the latest research findings, which are of great relevance for a better understanding of climate change impacts, adaptations, and vulnerabilities as well as for developing management options and policy options to reduce the associated risks. This is crucial considering that the projected African population increase is exceptional. Furthermore, climate change is assumed to hit southern Africa extremely hard with a significant increase in extreme events and the frequency of severe droughts, heat waves, and flooding. Southern Africa hosts a high variety of ecosystems, which belongs to important biodiversity hotspots for unique flora and fauna. The surrounding oceans form, in turn, a bottle neck within the ocean's global thermohaline circulation, act as a still poorly understood carbon sink and source and play an important role for fisheries as they are highly productive. Considering these important aspects, the book is an important interdisciplinary contribution to the scientific literature and will find a wide readership.The book is aimed at students, teachers, and scientists in the fields of terrestrial and marine ecology, environmental, nature and landscape planning, agriculture, environmental and resource management, biodiversity, and nature conservation, as well as scientists and representatives in specialised authorities and associations, nature conservationists, and policy makers of related disciplines.

Illuminates the path to more generative urban transitions in Africa's cities and developing rural areas Africa is the world's most rapidly urbanizing region. The predominantly rural continent is currently undergoing an “urban revolution” unlike any other, generally taking place without industrialization and often characterized by polarization, poverty, and fragmentation. While many cities have experienced construction booms and real estate speculation, others are marked by expanding informal economies and imploding infrastructures. The Urban Question in Africa: Uneven Geographies of Transition examines the imbalanced and contested nature of the ongoing urban transition of Africa. Edited and authored by leading experts on the subject, this unique volume develops an original theory conceptualizing cities as sociotechnical systems constituted by production, consumption, and infrastructure regimes. Throughout the book, in-depth chapters address the impacts of current meta-trends—global geopolitical shifts, economic changes, the climate crisis, and others—on Africa's cities and the broader development of the continent. Presents a novel framework based on extensive fieldwork in multiple countries and regions of the continent Examines geopolitical and socioeconomic topics such as manufacturing in African cities, the green economy in Africa, and the impact of China on urban Africa Discusses the prospects for generative urbanism to produce and sustain long-term development in Africa Features high-quality maps, illustrations, and photographsThe Urban Question in Africa: Uneven Geographies of Transition is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students in geography, urban planning, and African studies, academic researchers, geographers, urban planners, and policymakers.

This volume presents papers from the biennial International Laser Radar Conference (ILRC), the world's leading event in the field of atmospheric research using lidar. With growing environmental concerns to address such as air quality deterioration, stratospheric ozone depletion, extreme weather events, and changing climate, the lidar technique has never been as critical as it is today to monitor, alert, and help solve current and emerging problems of this century. The 30th occurrence of the ILRC unveils many of the newest results and discoveries in atmospheric science and laser remote sensing technology. The 30th ILRC conference program included all contemporary ILRC themes, leveraging on both the past events'legacy and the latest advances in lidar technologies and scientific discoveries, with participation by young scientists particularly encouraged. This proceedings volume includes a compilation of cutting-edge research on the following themes: new lidar techniques and methodologies; measurement of clouds and aerosol properties; atmospheric temperature, wind, turbulence, and waves; atmospheric boundary layer processes and their role in air quality and climate; greenhouse gases, tracers, and transport in the free troposphere and above; the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere; synergistic use of multiple instruments and techniques, networks and campaigns; model validation and data assimilation using lidar measurements; space-borne lidar missions, instruments and science; ocean lidar instrumentation, techniques, and retrievals; and past, present and future synergy of heterodyne and direct detection lidar applications. In addition, special sessions celebrated 50 years of lidar atmospheric observations since the first ILRC, comprising review talks followed by a plenary discussion on anticipated future directions.

This book focuses on the statistical modeling of geophysical and environmental data using Bayesian latent Gaussian models. The structure of these models is described in a thorough introductory chapter, which explains how to construct prior densities for the model parameters, how to infer the parameters using Bayesian computation, and how to use the models to make predictions. The remaining six chapters focus on the application of Bayesian latent Gaussian models to real examples in glaciology, hydrology, engineering seismology, seismology, meteorology and climatology. These examples include: spatial predictions of surface mass balance; the estimation of Antarctica's contribution to sea-level rise; the estimation of rating curves for the projection of water level to discharge; ground motion models for strong motion; spatial modeling of earthquake magnitudes; weather forecasting based on numerical model forecasts; and extreme value analysis of precipitation on a high-dimensional grid. The book is aimed at graduate students and experts in statistics, geophysics, environmental sciences, engineering, and related fields.

Tropical cyclones are a major threat to life and property, even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that individually can cause significant impacts, such as extreme winds, storm surge, flooding, tornadoes, and lightning. Tropical Cyclones: Observations and Basic Processes provides a modern overview of the theory and observations of tropical cyclone structure and behavior.The book begins by summarizing key observations of the structure, evolution, and formation of tropical cyclones. It goes on to develop a theoretical foundation for a basic understanding of tropical cyclone behavior during the storm's life cycle. Horizontally two-dimensional dynamics of vortex motion and other non-axisymmetric features are considered first before tackling the axisymmetric balance dynamics involving the overturning circulation. Following a review of moist convective processes, later chapters focus mainly on a range of three-dimensional aspects of the tropical cyclone life cycle. Building from first principles, the book provides a state-of-the-art summary of the fundamentals of tropical cyclones aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students, tropical meteorologists, and researchers.Members of the Royal Meteorological Society are eligible for a 35% discount on all Developments in Weather and Climate Science series titles. See the RMetS member dashboard for the discount code. - Develops a systematic foundation for understanding tropical cyclone dynamics and thermodynamics in two and three dimensions - Provides a detailed appraisal of steady-state models and the widely accepted, but enigmatic, WISHE intensification theories - Applies the new ideas developed in the book to a range of basic problems, including observational tests of the theory

Extreme Weather Forecasting reviews current knowledge about extreme weather events, including key elements and less well-known variables to accurately forecast them. The book covers multiple temporal scales as well as components of current weather forecasting systems. Sections cover case studies on successful forecasting as well as the impacts of extreme weather predictability, presenting a comprehensive and model agnostic review of best practices for atmospheric scientists and others who utilize extreme weather forecasts. - Reviews recent developments in numerical prediction for better forecasting of extreme weather events - Covers causes and mechanisms of high impact extreme events and how to account for these variables when forecasting - Includes numerous case studies on successful forecasting, outlining why they worked