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This book analyzes the expansion of the Anatolian livestock trade, focusing on sheep and cattle, during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries— a period marked by significant changes in state policies, society and environment. It examines the impact of these changes on both human and non-human actors, maps trade routes and networks, and explores their transformations over time, thereby contributing to the literature on Ottoman environmental and socioeconomic history. The book identifies three regions —central, northeastern, and northwestern Anatolia— and four Eastern Mediterranean ports (İzmir, İskenderun, Mersin, and Antalya) as major centers of livestock trade. It examines a combination of environmental, economic, social, and political dynamics that shaped the emergence of these regions as primary suppliers of sheep to Istanbul and the ports as gateways for livestock exports. By highlighting diverse ecosystems and socioeconomic dynamics, and utilizing a variety of primary sources including Ottoman and British state documents, newspapers, memoirs, and travel accounts, the book aims to address several key questions: How did the ecosystems and socioeconomic dynamics of these regions and ports change in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? What were the repercussions of these changes on livestock production and trade? And how did they impact the organization of livestock and meat trade in Istanbul?

This book provides an overview of monetary history from the perspectives of the financial intermediaries who shaped it. Starting from the Knights Templar and ending with contemporary national banking champions, it presents several case studies that demonstrate how banks from around the world have revolutionized both their operations and the markets they operate in. The text holds a plea for democratic and transnational financial intermediation systems. It appeals to students and scholars of economic history as well as to anyone interested in the history of banking and finance.

In the early nineteenth century, the most consequential developments in Ottoman architecture were taking place not in Istanbul but in the farthest reaches of imperial territory. Emily Neumeier investigates this wider phenomenon through a consideration of the architecture of Ali Pasha of Ioannina, one of the most prolific patrons in the history of the Ottoman Empire, who undertook a building program so ambitious that it ultimately got him killed.Ali Pasha is still a household name in present-day Greece and Albania, where he served as Ottoman governor from 1788 to 1822. To consolidate his rule over an incredibly diverse population, the governor set out on a sweeping building program that included mosques, palaces, military fortifications, dervish lodges, and even Orthodox Christian monasteries. Drawing upon a wealth of primary sources, Neumeier reveals how Ali Pasha's buildings shifted the sociopolitical order by testing the standards of patronage established by the imperial court and relocating administrative authority from center to province. To reconstruct the world that Ali Pasha built, Neumeier draws from both extensive fieldwork and abundant archival material, whose far-flung nature—from Istanbul to London—reflects the impressively wide scope of Ali Pasha's influence.Rigorously researched and packed with fascinating stories, this book presents an innovative spatial history of the Ottoman frontier during the age of revolutions, a pivotal period in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries when there was no obvious blueprint for power. It will be of interest to specialists in art and architectural history, the Ottoman Empire, and Mediterranean, Islamic, and Modern Greek studies.

Based on many previously unused sources from Ottoman and British archives, Governing the Frontiers in the Ottoman Empire offers a micro-history to understand the nineteenth century Ottoman reforms on the eastern frontiers. By examining the administrative, military and fiscal transformation of Muş, a multi-ethnic, multi-religious sub-province in the Ottoman East, it shows how the reforms were not top-down and were shaped according to local particularities. The book also provides a story of the notables, tribes and peasants of a frontier region. Focusing on the relations between state-notables, notables-tribes, notables-peasants and finally tribes-peasants, the book shows both the causes of contention and collaborations between the parties.

Bir buçuk asır süren kuruluş döneminin ardından bir buçuk asır kadar da cihanşümul bir siyaset izleyerek genişleme ve yükseliş devri yaşayan Osmanlı Devleti, XVI. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren iç ve dış etkenlerle güç kaybetmeye başlamıştır. Bu kitapta 1648-1757 yılları arasının askerî ve siyasî olayları IV. Mehmed, II. Süleyman, II. Ahmed, II. Mustafa, III. Ahmed, I. Mahmud ve III. Osman gibi yedi padişahın biyografileri çerçevesinde ele alınıyor.

It would not be an overstatement to say that Cemal Kafadar has transformed the field of Ottoman history. As a result of his pathbreaking books and articles, the field is experiencing a turn within itself as well as recasting its relationship with world history. This volume acts as a tribute to Kafadar and the important interdisciplinary work he has both done and inspired in the field. In line with the intellectual pluralism that Kafadar has cultivated over his career, readers will find a number of articles engaging with a wide range of questions, approaches, perspectives, and sources across Ottoman history. Kafadar's students and friends, individually or in pairs, researched and crafted contributions to this volume with a variety of conceptual premises, theoretical approaches, and interpretive tools to celebrate his thirty years of teaching, research, and mentorship, in addition to the overwhelming generosity of his intellectual and personal engagement.

The Ottoman and Habsburg Empires both faced the'general crisis'of the 17th century. Yet they responded to the crisis very differently. The Habsburgs centralized fiscal structures, which would facilitate economic development in the 19th century. The Ottomans, which initially had more centralized tax collection, opted for decentralization, paving the way for economic peripheralization. To account for this puzzle, this book offers a political-economic theory of institutional change that focuses on the structure and intensity of elite conflict over the distribution of resources. Using the comparative-historical method, the book demonstrates that high levels of conflict generated political incentives for centralization, and where such incentives were lacking, decentralization followed.

This book narrates the rise and fall of Kurdish nobility in the Ottoman Empire from the sixteenth through to the nineteenth century. Focusing on one noble Kurdish family based in the emirate of Palu, a fortressed town in the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire, it provides the first systematic analysis of the hereditary nobility in Kurdistan.The book centres on the crucial moment in the 1840s during which the Ottoman state set out to abolish the hereditary privileges of the Kurdish beys, confiscating their large landholdings and setting the stage for a conflict over the fertile lands of Palu that would last nearly six decades. This tug-of-war between Armenian financiers, Armenian and Muslim sharecroppers, the Kurdish beys and the Ottoman state ended in 1895 with a series of massacres against the Armenian population of Palu. Through exhaustive archival research in an untapped body of sources, this book sheds light on the impact this conflict-filled process had on the intercommunal relations in the locality. In doing so, the author brings the voices of Armenian and Kurdish commoners to the fore and highlights the important roles that they, too, played in the local struggles and wider changes in governance.As the first study to present the dissolution of the Kurdish nobility using a social history lens, the book gets to the heart of the historical transformations that changed Palu from a diverse and economically affluent town into an ethnoreligiously homogenised, culturally conservative and economically deprived place. Peppered with vignettes and stories culled from a wide range of archival sources, the author presents a cohesive narrative of the region's socio-economic and political history between 1720 and 1895, situating developments taking place in the small province of Palu within the larger developments in the Ottoman Empire and the world at large.

Until recently, the historiography of Middle Eastern economic elites during the first globalization has ignored the significant role played by Muslim tujjār (big merchant-entrepreneurs). Foreign firms and local minorities were considered the prime agents of economic change and the initiators of economic growth. The 12 studies in this volume show that the Muslim tujjār played a major economic role in various regions of the Middle East during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Their investments, mainly in commercial agriculture, resulted in economic growth and changed economic structures and social relations in many Middle Eastern communities. They were also involved in political developments, some of which had a dramatic effect on the history of their countries, as for instance in late Qajar Iran. They also played a unique role in the process of cultural change. Although they supported the ʿulamāʾ financially, they also contributed to the establishment of new educational and cultural institutions. The story of the tujjār is unique in the sense that it was the only indigenous elite group in the pre-World War I Middle East to bridge between traditional forces and concepts and Western attitudes and practices. (CS 1108).

The Greek Revolution in the Age of Revolutions (1776-1848) brings together twenty-one scholars and a host of original ideas, revisionist arguments, and new information to mark the bicentennial of the Greek Revolution of 1821. The purpose of this volume is to demonstrate the significance of the Greek liberation struggle to international history, and to highlight how it was a turning point that signalled the revival of revolution in Europe after the defeat of the French Revolution in 1815. It argues that the sacrifices of rebellious Greeks paved the way for other resistance movements in European politics, culminating in the ‘spring of European peoples'in 1848. Richly researched and innovative in approach, this volume also considers the diplomatic and transnational aspects of the insurrection, and examines hitherto unexplored dimensions of revolutionary change in the Greek world. This book will appeal to scholars and students of the Age of Revolution, as well as those interested in comparative and transnational history, political theory and constitutional law.

By applying a comparative approach the volume focuses on a select group of „empires“ which are generally not in the focus of empires studies. They are studied in detail and analyzed due to a strict concept that takes into account real history and reception history as well. Reception history becomes more and more an important element in empire studies although this topic is still often more or less underdeveloped. The volume singles out a series of such “forgotten empires”. It aims to provide a methodologically clearly structured as well as a uniform and consistent approach. It develops a general set of questions that help to compare and distinguish these entities. This way the volume intends to examine and to illuminate empires that are generally ignored by modern scholarship.

Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 1998 im Fachbereich Orientalistik / Sinologie - Islamwissenschaft,, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In dieser Arbeit befasst sich der Autor mit den Reformen der Nizām i Cedīd (Neue Ordnung) Sultan Selīm III. Zuerst werden die Primär- und Sekundärquellen, die moderne Literatur und der Forschungsstand zum Thema dargestellt. Um ein besseres Verständnis zum Thema zu bekommen, wird dann die Gesellschaft des osmanischen Reiches kurz umrissen und die Reformversuche vor Sultan Selīm III. beschrieben. Die sozioökonomischen- und politischen Reformversuche werden im historischen Kontext dargestellt. Einige Gesetze Selīm III. werden im Anhang vom Alttürkischen ins Deutsche übersetzt. Zum Schluss wird ein Fazit gezogen und versucht zu erklären, warum die Reformen von Selīm III. scheiterten. Am 24.12.1761 wird der lang ersehnte Kronprinz des Hauses Osman geboren. Seit 40 Jahren wurde kein Thronfolger mehr im Palast geboren. Sultan Muṣṭafā III. (1757-1774) ließ die Geburt seines Sohnes Selīm eine Woche lang feiern. Der Hofastrologe des Sultans, Yaʻḳūb Efendi sagte vor der Geburt des Prinzen, dass bei seiner Geburt die Sternenkonstellationen so gutstehen, sodass der neugeborene Prinz in der Zukunft ein sehr starker Sultan für das osmanische Reich sein wird und die Feinde des Reiches besiegen wird. Jedoch verschwieg der Hofarzt, der von der Vorhersehung des Hofastrologen wusste, dass er bei der Geburt des Prinzen die Uhr um ein paar Sekunden umgestellt hatte. Prinz Selīm wuchs mit diesem Selbstbewusstsein auf. Er glaubte tatsächlich, dass er der Auserwählte sei, der das osmanische Reich wieder zur alten Stärke führen und die Feinde besiegen würde, wenn er nach dem Ableben seines Onkels ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd I. (1774-1789) an die Macht kommt. Selīm III. bestieg 1789 im Jahr der Französischen Revolution, den osmanischen Thron mit dem Anspruch, sein Reich wieder an die alten glanzvollen Tage seiner Ahnen zu führen. Als Mittel der Stärkung des Reichs dachte Selīm an Reformen, welche in allen Bereichen des Staates durchgeführt werden sollten. Als erstes Ziel nahm er sich vor, das militärische System des osmanischen Reichs zu ändern.

The author draws attention to the strong state tradition and the pluralistic society that both prevailed in Turkey. He argues that the Turkish state tradition envisages centralization, social cohesion and an obedient political culture. Through the modernization process of the last century, it has tried to change the society from top to down, and built an ideological and unitarian public sphere. However, the transition to multi-party system in 1950 and the liberalization policies that followed in the post-1980s have prepared the ground for different social movements to come into existence in the same public arena. Social movements which developed particularly among Kurds, Alevis and women emphasize social diversity, pluralism, participation, limited authority, freedom and human rights. They, thus, have paved the way for the transformation of the ideological public sphere into a plural and a civil public domain. The author follows the traces of all these developments from the Ottoman Empire to the last decades of the Republican Turkey. Moving from the case of Turkey he makes an important contribution to the literature on various issues such as civil society, public sphere, modernization, democracy, and social movements.

Der vorliegende Band schließt sich nahtlos an den in zwei Teilbänden veröffentlichten ersten Band des Handbuchs zur Geschichte Südosteuropas an. In steter Bezugnahme auf europäische, ostmediterrane und eurasische Zusammenhänge stellt er die Ereignisgeschichte sowie die Strukturen von Macht und Herrschaft im Zeitraum vom späten Mittelalter bis an den Vorabend der Nationalstaatsbildung dar. Breiter Raum wird der Diskussion von Quellen und Sekundärliteratur eingeräumt, wobei bei letzterer Veröffentlichungen in den Sprachen der Region besonderer Augenmerk gilt. Das Handbuch erschließt damit auch die reiche regionale Forschung zum Darstellungszeitraum. Wie schon bei Band 1 bietet der Folgeband nicht nur den derzeitigen Forschungsstand. Vielmehr stellen einzelne Kapitel auch im internationalen Vergleich wissenschaftliche Erkenntnis zur Verfügung, die in dieser Form nur selten in kompakter Zusammenfassung zu finden ist. Der Darstellungszeitraum ist gekennzeichnet durch eine imperiale Neuordnung des Balkanraumes durch das Osmanische Reich, während der Nordteil des weiteren südosteuropäischen Raumes von den wechselvollen Schicksalen des ungarischen Königreiches geprägt sind. Ab dem ausgehenden 17. Jahrhundert wird die Habsburgermonarchie zur vorherrschenden Macht im Norden des Darstellungsraumes, und zu Beginn des 18. Jahrhunderts wird erstmals auch der russische Machtanspruch in Südosteuropa spürbar. Der Band stellt umfangreiches Material zum Imperienvergleich bereit, nicht zuletzt auch durch die Einbeziehung Venedigs, das rund 800 Jahre lang das maritime Südosteuropa prägte. Der Band fragt aber auch nach der Stellung Südosteuropas innerhalb der Imperien und nimmt damit eine Perspektive ein, die jener der imperialen Zentren ergänzt. Ausführlich werden in diesem Zusammenhang die Donaufürstentümer dargestellt, in denen sich die machtpolitischen Einflüsse aus dem Osmanischen Reich, Ungarn und später der Habsburgermonarchie sowie und in weiterer Folge aus dem Zarenreich überlappten. In der vorliegenden Gestalt bietet Band 2 gemeinsam mit Band 1 die bis heute umfangreichste Darstellung Südosteuropas vor der Nationalstaatsbildung. Imperiale Prägung und regionaler Eigensinn kommen dadurch zu jener Geltung, die ihnen in der langen Dauer südosteuropäischer Geschichte gebührt.

This volume is a local history, focusing on the experiences of people andcommunities as they navigated and enacted institutions and transformationsassociated with modernization in the late Ottoman era. Focusing onthe local political arena of a relatively small, predominantly rural and ordinarysetting, this book examines two neighboring Western Anatolian towns:Yenişehir and İznik.Utilizing rigorous historiographical inquiry and in-depth use of archivalmaterials, this book sketches a dynamic picture of late Ottoman imperialpolitical belonging with the agendas and priorities of the countryside, wherethe majority of Ottomans lived. The monograph contributes to understandingof modernization from different local perspectives by excavating theprovincial hinterland of the imperial capital. It uses a narrative technique ofanalyzing certain local events to address larger structures and transformationspertaining to the long 19th century in general and Ottoman history inparticular. As a “micro” study, it argues for the significance of individuals'and social groups'agencies, strategies and conceptions of their world in theunfolding of Ottoman modernization.Offering a vivid picture of local communities and their engagements withmodern political, social and judicial structures in the late Ottoman era, thisbook will appeal to scholars and advanced graduate students interested incomparative imperial history, Ottoman history and Middle Eastern studies.

Explores 5 centuries of changing attitudes toward children and childhood in the Ottoman Empire

This book examines the role of institutions and law on the economic performance of the Ottoman Empire between 1500 and 1800. By focussing on the pre-industrial period, the transition to industrialisation and the mechanisms behind it can be explored. Particular attention is given to the allocation of financial resources towards more productive and efficient economic activities and the role this played in economic divergence among societies. A comparative analysis with European societies highlights the importance of non-economic institutions during the pre-industrial period. This book aims to provide new analytical perspectives and ways of thinking about how the Ottoman Empire lost its powerful economic and political structures. It is relevant to students and researchers interested in economic history, law and economics, and the political economy.

The articles compiled in Ottoman War & Peace. Studies in Honor of Virginia H. Aksan, honor the prolific career of a foremost scholar of the Ottoman Empire, and engage in redefining the boundaries of Ottoman historiography. Blending micro and macro approaches, the volume covers topics from the sixteenth to twentieth centuries related to the Ottoman military and warfare, biography and intellectual history, and inter-imperial and cross-cultural relations. Through these themes, this volume seeks to bring out and examine the institutional and socio-political complexity of the Ottoman Empire and its peoples. Contributors are Eleazar Birnbaum, Maurits van den Boogert, Palmira Brummett, Frank Castiglione, Linda Darling, Caroline Finkel, Molly Greene, Jane Hathaway, Colin Heywood, Douglas Howard, Christine Isom-Verhaaren, Dina Rizk Khoury, Ethan L. Menchinger, Victor Ostapchuk, Leslie Peirce, James A. Reilly, Will Smiley, Mark Stein, Kahraman Şakul, Veysel Şimşek, Feryal Tansuğ, Baki Tezcan, Fatih Yeşil, Aysel Yıldız.

In a work of considerable analytic elegance, Caglar Keyder provides the first genuinely radical text on the political economy of modern Turkey. Keyder describes how, with the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional Muslim bureaucratic class of the old regime attempted to create a new nation state and effect its transition to modernity. Yet by expelling the Christian bourgeoisie between 1914 and 1924 the bureaucracy initially controlled Turkey's integration into the world capitalist system.Within the framework of the literature of peripheral development, Keyder argues that, in contrast to the Latin American experience, the lack of a dominant landlord class and the continued existence of an independent peasantry had a formative influence on Turkey's political and economic development.Keyder explains how the simmering conflict between the bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie was suppressed during the successful period of import-substituting industrialization in the 1960s and 1970s, to erupt again, soon after the world economic crisis of 1973. He recounts the way in which the rapid industrialization and urbanization transformed Turkey's social structure and shows how the severe economic difficulties of the late 1970s sparked off latent conflicts and led to the spread of fascist violence, culminating in the military coup of 1980. The book concludes with a look at Turkey's prospects for economic development and social change.

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für''His Majesty's Consul'in Saloniki.'verfügbar.

Giovanni Molino's Dittionario Della Lingua Italiana, Turchesca (1641), is the first extensive Turkish dictionary of its kind, with nearly 8000 lexical head entries excerpted, not from the Ottoman literature, but the everyday Turkish language, the vernacular for at least a part of the population of 17th century Constantinople.Molino, born Armenus Turcicus Yovhannēs of Ankara, was exposed to the Turkish language from childhood, unlike other authors of the known ‘texts in transcription”. In Armenian cultural history, he is remembered as a man of letters, a publisher and the translator of religious texts, whose services to the history of the Turkish language and the corresponding contribution to Ottoman Turkish culture were to this date unknown.The editor has reversed and reorganised the material of the lexicon from Italian-Turkish to Turkish-Italian. The lexical entries of Molino's dictionary are presented according to morphological and phonological principles, with their orthographic variants side by side, revealing information on the morpho-phonological patterns of Ottoman-Turkish at that time. The language Molino recorded sounds almost like contemporary Turkish and can be considered a bridge to the modern Turkish language.

No detailed description available for'The Business of State'.

Aydın Süer befasst sich mit dem historischen Narrativ vom Niedergang des Osmanischen Reiches, welches den Blick osmanischer und türkischer Eliten auf sich selbst und auf Europa bis heute maßgeblich beeinflusst hat. Dazu untersucht der Autor Reiseberichte, die als Folge einer ab dem 18. Jahrhundert zunehmenden Reisetätigkeit von Osmanen nach Europa entstanden sind. Kennzeichnend für alle Reiseberichte ist, dass sie die Berichterstattung über Europa auf auffällige Weise und häufig in den Dienst einer Kritik an der eigenen Gesellschaft stellen. Damit erzeugen und verstärken sie nach und nach das Bild von einem im Aufstieg begriffenen Europa, demgegenüber das Osmanische Reich zumindest potenziell einer Gefahr des Untergangs ausgesetzt ist. Es ist hier gerade die Wahrnehmung, Darstellung und Deutung einer unmittelbar erlebten fremden Wirklichkeit, die bei den Autoren der Reiseberichte zugleich eine Reflexion darüber auslöst, was das Eigene und das Fremde ausmacht.

Suna G. Aydemir setzt sich in dieser Studie mit der modernen und postmodernen Religionspolitik der Türkei innovativ auseinander, indem sie im Gegensatz zur traditionellen Historiographie eine Genealogie bzw. eine Geschichte des gegenwärtigen Islams und dessen Akteure anbietet. Die Modernisierungsgeschichte des Landes als die Transformation des letzten islamischen Imperiums zu einem säkularen Nationalstaat hat von jeher politisch Interessierte in ihren Bann gezogen. In diesem Zusammenhang stellt der Aufstieg des politischen Islams seit den 1980er Jahren ein brennendes Diskussionsthema dar.

The Ottoman Empire in the Tanzimat Era generates a new history of the Ottoman Empire's Tanzimat reforms in the provinces of Edirne and Ankara. It studies variation across the two provinces and the crucial role of local intermediaries such as notables, tribal leaders, and merchants. The book provides insights into how states and societies transform each other in the most difficult of times using qualitative and quantitative social network analysis and deep research in the Ottoman and British archives to understand the Tanzimat as a process of negotiation and transformation between the state and local actors. The author argues that the same reform policies produced different results in Edirne and Ankara. The book explains how factors such as socioeconomic conditions and historical developments played a role in shaping local networks. The Ottoman Empire in the Tanzimat Era invites readers to rethink taken-for-granted concepts such as centralization, decentralization, state control, and imperial decay. It will be of interest to scholars and students interested in Middle Eastern and Balkan studies, and historical and political sociology.